Offic e r I nvo lve d Bla c k live s ma tte r, Blue live s ma tte - - PDF document

APNA 30th Annual Conference Session 3046: October 21, 2016 Beaman 1

Offic e r I nvo lve d Sho o ting s—Why so ma ny?

DR NI NA BE AMAN CO-CHAI R F ORE NSI C ST E E RI NG COMMI T T E E

Disc lo sure s

No c o nflic t o f inte re st to re po rt Ca se studie s will b e use d to

stimula te tho ug ht a nd disc ussio n a nd a re no t a n a tte mpt to dia g no se o r pro po se tre a tme nt

T he re a l he ro e s a t T ime Sq ua re

Pho to c o urte sy o f Dig na Ve ra

Assumptio ns

 T

his to pic c a n b ring up a lo t o f e mo tio ns

 Bla c k live s ma tte r, Blue live s ma tte r, All live s ma tte r  Altho ug h the va st ma jo rity o f o ffic e rs a re we ll

inte ntio ne d , a s with a ny pro fe ssio n (inc luding nursing ) the re a re so me pe o ple who do no t b e ha ve pro fe ssio na lly a nd the y ne e d to b e a c c o unta b le fo r the ir b e ha vio r—I do no t se e k to c o ndo ne the ir b e ha vio r

 Unive rsa l pre c a utio ns—a ssume e ve ryo ne ha s b e e n

e xpo se d to tra uma in life a nd tha t it impa c ts de c isio n ma king (tra uma info rme d c a re )

 Psyc hia tric me nta l he a lth nurse s c a n ma ke a diffe re nc e

with this issue

Me tho d

 I

nte rvie we d o ffic e rs a nd fo rme r o ffic e rs to a sk the m if the y ha d b e e n a b le to b e he re , wha t wo uld the y ha ve wa nte d yo u to kno w in o rde r to unde rsta nd the issue o f

• ffic e r invo lve d sho o ting s.

 I

will pre se nt b a c kg ro und re se a rc h

 We will b re a k into g ro ups to b ra insto rm  Re po rt b a c k with pro po se d so lutio ns

Ob je c tive s

 1. Afte r a tte nding the inte ra c tive se ssio n, pa rtic ipa nts will

b e a b le to use e vide nc e to ide ntify wa ys to re duc e

• ffic e r invo lve d sho o ting s, suppo rt o ffic e rs a nd fa milie s

a fte r OI S, a nd impro ve c o mmunity me nta l he a lth a fte r OI S.

 2. Pa rtic ipa nts will b e a b le to use c a se studie s to ide ntify

wa ys to re duc e o ffic e r invo lve d sho o ting s, suppo rt

• ffic e rs a nd fa milie s a fte r OI

S, a nd impro ve c o mmunity me nta l he a lth a fte r OI S.

 3. I

de ntify b e st pra c tic e s a nd a c tivitie s to impro ve re la tio nships b e twe e n o ffic e rs a nd c o mmunitie s the y se rve , to impro ve o ve ra ll c o mmunity me nta l he a lth.

APNA 30th Annual Conference Session 3046: October 21, 2016 Beaman 2

Whic h inc ide nts c o me to mind whe n I sa y

Offic e r I

nvo lve d Sho o ting s?

L e t’ s lo o k a t Ba it a nd T a c kle Sc e na rio in L

• uisia na

 Ca st: “Ho me le ss ma n with c e llpho ne ,” ma n fa milia r to

pe o ple in tha t c o mmunity fo r se lling CDs o utside sto re , two re spo nding o ffic e rs

 Sc e na rio : Pho ne c a ll “He pulle d g un o n me ? ” =

b ra ndishing a fire a rm, Re sisting a rre st, Wre stle d to the g ro und , Gun e xpo se d in so me wa y, Sho t b y o ffic e r

 Disc ussio n:

Ho w c o uld we ha ve he lpe d c ha ng e o utc o me ?

Da lla s

 Ca st: Pe o ple ma rc hing , ve te ra n with g un, po lic e o ffic e rs  Sc e na rio : Pe o ple ma rc hing to pro te st pre vio us sc e na rio

a nd o the rs, so me with a uto ma tic we a po ns, g a s ma sks, a nd b ulle t pro o f ve sts; Arme d snipe r to o k a dva nta g e o f la rg e po lic e pre se nc e to sho o t po lic e o ffic e rs a nd c ro wd. Snipe r c o rne re d a nd kille d b y b o mb o n ro b o t.

 Ho w c o uld we he lp the m?

Why so ma ny? 1991-2013 a c c o rding to F BI in USA T

• da y (OI

S da ta OI S no t g a the re d we ll) Why so ma ny? DOJ e stima te s 400 OI S a nnua lly (O’ L e a ry, 2015)

 T

ha t is no t so ma ny whe n yo u c o nside r-- 40 millio n pe o ple ha ve e nc o unte rs with la w e nfo rc e me nt a nnua lly

 With le ss tha n 2% invo lving fo rc e re la te d inc ide nt like

re stra int, ha ndc uffs, o r e ve n ve rb a l thre a ting

 0.0001% will b e invo lve d in a fo rc e -re la te d inc ide nt tha t

re sults in de a dly fo rc e

 (L

a nd e rs, 2015).

 Ho we ve r, if it is yo u o r a lo ve d o ne invo lve d , it is o ne to o

ma ny!

APNA 30th Annual Conference Session 3046: October 21, 2016 Beaman 3

Mo st like ly vic tims?

Ca n yo u g ue ss the mo st c o mmo n

re c ipie nts o f o ffic e r invo lve d sho ts?

Ma n’ s b e st frie nd—(Bla ne y, 2014)

Do g is Bo b o Be a ma n in Ha wa ii 5 Bo b o o utfit Pho to c o urte sy o f Nina Be a ma n

L e t’ s lo o k a t the L a ws

 T

e nne sse e v. Ga rne r (1985) SCOT US Must b e thre a t

 “T

he use o f de a dly fo rc e to pre ve nt the e sc a pe o f fle e ing misde me a na nts a nd no n-da ng e ro us fle e ing fe lo ns vio la te d the Co nstitutio n a nd wa s unre a so na b le b ut “Whe re the o ffic e r ha s pro b a b ly c a use to b e lie ve tha t the suspe c t po se s a thre a t o f se rio us physic a l ha rm, e ithe r to the o ffic e r o r to o the rs, it is no t c o nstitutio na lly unre a so na b le to pre ve nt e sc a pe b y using de a dly fo rc e .. . And if, whe re fe a sib le , so me wa rning ha s b e e n g ive n. “

Also

 Gra ha m vs. Co nno r (1989) SCOT

US No t 20/ 20 hindsig ht. Re a so na b le ne ss o f o ffic e r o n the sc e ne a t the time

 Suppo rts o ffic e rs who ma ke split se c o nd de c isio ns a c ting

in g o o d fa ith witho ut ma lic io us o r sa distic inte nt to c a use ha rm, a tte mpting to ma inta in o r re sto re o rde r, a nd who we re justifie d in the ir a c tio ns

Do the y wa nt to sho o t?

 Se pa ra te d fro m b uddie s, c a nno t b e

with lo ve d o ne s

 We a po n ta ke n a wa y, fe e l strippe d

/ c a stra te d (Jo ne s, 1989) o f the ir pro fe ssio na l ide ntity

 I

so la te d a lo ne in a ro o m with a pa pe r a nd pe nc il

 Se c o nd g ue ssing -F

e e ling s tha t will b e re prima nde d , suspe nde d , fire d, o r e ve n trie d a nd se nt to ja il

 Mo ra l se lf-q ue stio ning --Do no t fe e l like

a he ro , do no t fe e l like a c o mmunity se rva nt, fe e l like a kille r.

Do the y wa nt to sho o t?

 F

a tig ue o fte n pre c ipita te s (Bla ke & Cume lla , 2014). Give n nic o tine a nd c a ffe ine to stimula te .

 Physic a l sympto ms c a n inc lude invo lunta ry urina tio n a nd

de fe c a tio n, c rying , b lurre d visio n, spe e c h impa irme nt, dizzine ss, tre mo rs, n/ v, ha lluc ina tio ns. Ma y no t re a lize d wo unds (Jo ne s, 1989).

 No te the ANA c a lle d in Ja nua ry 2017 fo r pe e r suppo rt

a fte r a dve rse o r stre ss-pro duc ing e ve nts—the y do no t a lwa ys g e t this. (T ro utma n, 2016).

 T

he se inc ide nts a re tra uma pro duc ing in a nd o f the mse lve s

APNA 30th Annual Conference Session 3046: October 21, 2016 Beaman 4

T he OI S Re po rt

 Me mo ry ve ry fo c use d during hig h stre ss e ve nt, tunne l

visio n

 T

he y re me mb e r o nly wha t the y a re pa ying a tte ntio n to , we a po n po ints to wha t the y a re fo c using o n (Ga vin, 2008).

 Ba se d o n pa st e xpe rie nc e s inste a d o f a c o nsc io us

a ppra isa l o f e ve nts, intuitive a nd ho listic inste a d o f a na lytic a nd lo g ic a l, time disto rtio n, no t a “fla wle ss vide o ta pe ” (Artwo hl, 2002).

 By wa iting a minimum o f 24 ho urs, up to 72 ho urs until

c o nduc ting a n inte rvie w inve stig a to rs will ha ve a n ide a

• f wha t a c tua lly ha ppe ne d , b a se d o n o the r witne ss

sta te me nts, a s we ll a s c a n ha ve c o nduc te d a wa lkthro ug h o f the sc e ne .

Afte r-e ffe c ts

 “T

he me dia is no t a no n-pro fit o rg a niza tio n”

 Withdra w fro m spo use to pro te c t him o r he r—ma y b e

inte rpre te d inc o rre c tly a s la c k o f lo ve

 De nia l, so c ia l withdra wa l, survivo r’ s g uilt, impa ire d

me mo ry o r c o nc e ntra tio n, ina b ility to ha ndle re minde rs

• f the sho o ting , se lf-punishme nt, g uilt, fe a r o f future

inc ide nts, a vo ida nc e o f the sc e ne , wa king fla shb a c ks, ulc e rs, sub sta nc e a b use , ina b ility to to le ra te no ise , c hro nic te nsio n, e tc .

 Mig ht le a d to thrill-se e king b e ha vio rs  (Jo ne s, 1989).

Mo st stre ssful e ve nts fo r o ffic e rs

 1. Vio le nt de a th o f pa rtne r in line o f duty  2. Dismissa l  3. T

a king a life in the line o f duty

 4. Sho o ting so me o ne in the line o f duty  5. Suic ide o f a n o ffic e r in the line o f duty  6. Vio le nt de a th o f a no the r o ffic e r in the line o f duty  7. Murde r c o mmitte d b y a po lic e o ffic e r  8. Duty-re la te d vio le nt injury (sho o ting )  9. Vio le nt jo b -re la te d injury to a no the r o ffic e r  10. Suspe nsio n  Se we ll (1981)

T

• da y we will b e lo o king a t 3

q ue stio ns

 1. Wha t c a n psyc hia tric nurse s do to PRE

VE NT OI S?

 2. Wha t c a n psyc hia tric nurse s do to CARE

F OR a n

• ffic e r o f the fa mily a fte r OI

S? (o the r o ffic e rs ma y b e c o nside re d “fa mily”)

 3. Wha t c a n psyc hia tric nurse s do to COL

L ABORAT E with

• ffic e rs to he lp the c o mmunity re c o ve r fro m a n OI

S?

T

• inc lude o ffic e r’ s pe rspe c tive , I

inte rvie we d a b o ut the se q ue stio ns

 Prima ry Pre ve ntio n  Se c o nda ry Pre ve ntio n  T

e rtia ry Pre ve ntio n

So me issue s—Prima ry Pre ve ntio n

 E

xc ite d de lirium—10% re sult in de a th in c usto dy (Da vis, 2012).

 Our pa tie nts do no t a c t pre dic ta b ly  (Da vis, 2012). 2(Da 012)..

APNA 30th Annual Conference Session 3046: October 21, 2016 Beaman 5

L a w e nfo rc e me nt-fo rc e d suic ide o r la w e nfo rc e me nt-a ssiste d suic ide

 I

n a 10-ye a r study it re ve a le d tha t suic ide s invo lving po lic e o ffic e rs a c c o unte d fo r 11% o f a ll sho o ting s re vie we d in a study o f L E AS a nd 13% o f a ll o ffic e r- invo lve d justifia b le ho mic ide s (Ha tc h, 2003).

 Po lic e o ffic e r is unwilling pa rtic ipa nt  Prio ritie s a re to pro te c t the pub lic , pro te c t the o ffic e r,

a nd pro te c t the suspe c t in tha t o rde r

T ips fro m o ffic e rs

 No t just de me ntia , b ut mo re c o mple x me nta l illne ss  Pa tie nts do no t re c o g nize a utho rity o r se e sig nific a nc e o f

e nc o unte r

 Offic e rs te nd to so lve pro b le m fo r the mo me nt.  Dispa tc h no t a lwa ys to ld pe rso n ha s me nta l illne ss  I

nc re a se in SUD e spe c ia lly me th ha s le a d to issue s with OI S

 Ne e d to use “ho rse whispe ring ”—no n-vio le nc e to

re duc e a nd de -e sc a la te vio le nc e ma y b e fo re ig n to lo ng -te rm o ffic e rs

Pro g ra ms tha t wo rk

 CI

T —c o lla b o ra tive mindse t vs. fo re nsic nurse s a re the re to g a the r e vide nc e a g a inst o ffic e rs a nd suppo rt suspe c t

 VAL

OR—Pre ve nting Vio le nc e Ag a inst L a w E nfo rc e me nt a nd E nsuring Offic e r Re silie nc e a nd Surviva b ility

 L

a w E nfo rc e me nt I nstitute o f T e xa s—T e xa s L a w E nfo rc e me nt Assista nc e Pro g ra m (T X L E AP)Also fo und in Virg inia

 Co lla b o ra tive tra ining in a c a de my a nd in de pa rtme nt  I

n Ca na da , Psyc hia tric nurse a c c o mpa nie s c o nsta b le s fo r me nta l he a lth c a lls

So me issue s –Suppo rting o ffic e r

 T

he y ha ve b e e n thro ug h tra uma a nd the ir fa mily will b e put thro ug h tra uma

 Wha t ha s wo rke d? tio n a fte rwa rd s! .

Offic e r tips

 Ne e d s c o unse ling o r a t le a st “Cla nd e stine ” suppo rt g ro up

with o ffic e rs, sub sta nc e a b use c o unse ling

 “Wish I ha d ha d so me o ne like yo u the re .”  F

a mily ne e d s c o unse ling —re me mb e r the y live in c o mmunity

 Ric o c he t—o ffic e r me nta l he a lth issue s  E

d uc a ting o ffic e rs a nd fa milie s o n “no rma l” fe e ling s a nd re a c tio ns a fte r a n OIS

 “L

ittle thing s” like pic king up the ir ta b a t a re sta ura nt, o r b uying the m a n ic e c re a m o r a d o nut a nd c o ffe e —e ve n a c kno wle d g ing the ir c o ntrib utio n with “T ha nk yo u fo r yo ur se rvic e .”

Wha t wo rke d

 F

a mily ne e ds to b e shie lde d fro m me dia (Me hlin, 2008)

 E

duc a te o ffic e rs o n the ro le o f me mo ry o f the inc ide nt

• ve r time (Alpe rt, Rive ra , & L
• tt, 2012).

 Bo hre r a nd Cha ne y (2010) fo und o ffic e rs we re pre pa re d

fo r sho o ting s b ut no t fo r inve stig a tio n a fte rwa rds!

APNA 30th Annual Conference Session 3046: October 21, 2016 Beaman 6

So me issue s—T e rtia ry Co mmunity suppo rt

 “Who se mo the r a nd wife will g rie ve —his o r

mine ? ” (Mille r & K a ne , 2012).

 “Sto pping vio le nc e is se pa ra te fro m justic e ”

(Mille r, 2012).

Co mmunity tips—e duc a te the pub lic

 De -e sc a la te the situa tio n  Sho w yo ur ha nds a t a ll time s  Wa rn if yo u a re g o ing to ma ke a mo ve me nt (to g e t

so me thing o ut o f a g lo ve c o mpa rtme nt o f po c ke t, fo r e xa mple )

 I

n Virg inia , no tify o ffic e r yo u ha ve a c o nc e a le d we a po n a nd OF F I CE R re mo ve s the we a po n, yo u do no t

 Sho w re spe c t to the o ffic e r first  WV—”Ha ndle with c a re ”

Ge ne ra l tips fro m o ffic e rs

 Co mmunity se rva nts do no t fe e l like c o mmunity

e mb ra c e s the m

 He sita nt to sho o t, b ut tha t c a n c o st live s  E

duc a tio n o f c itize ns—se mina rs in vio le nc e pre ve ntio n, drug a b use a nd suic ide pre ve ntio n

 Co mmunity fund ra ise rs like He lp Sa ve the Ne xt Girl,

Cyb e r Se c urity fo r the E lde rly, Pa rks a nd Re c sc a ms,

 Vio le nc e in c o mmunity a s a c c e pte d fo rm o f pro b le m

so lving —ritua lize d pre da to ry c o mb a t

Ne w tre nd--He sita nc y

 “We do o ur o ffic e rs a g re a t disse rvic e b y

c re a ting he sita nc y a nd tre pida tio n within the m fo r fe a r o f ho w the ir use o f fo rc e will b e e va lua te d” (Da vis, 2012).

 “I’ d ra the r b e judg e d b y twe lve tha n

c a rrie d b y six”

Pho to c o urte sy o r Be lind a Blo d g e tt Ag e nc y

Mo re typic a lly

e nc o unte rs a re c o mmunity se rvic e

I nte ra c tio n

 Bre a k into thre e g ro ups  Prima ry Pre ve ntio n  Ca ring fo r o ffic e r a nd fa mily  Re ha b ilita te c o mmunity  Bra insto rm so lutio ns  Re po rt b a c k to la rg e g ro up

APNA 30th Annual Conference Session 3046: October 21, 2016 Beaman 7

Pro po se d So lutio ns--Prima ry Pro po se d So lutio ns--Se c o nda ry Pro po se d So lutio ns--T e rtia ry Ob je c tive s me t?

 1. Afte r a tte nding the inte ra c tive se ssio n, pa rtic ipa nts will

b e a b le to use e vide nc e to ide ntify wa ys to re duc e

• ffic e r invo lve d sho o ting s, suppo rt o ffic e rs a nd fa milie s

a fte r OI S, a nd impro ve c o mmunity me nta l he a lth a fte r OI S.

 2. Pa rtic ipa nts will b e a b le to use c a se studie s to ide ntify

wa ys to re duc e o ffic e r invo lve d sho o ting s, suppo rt

• ffic e rs a nd fa milie s a fte r OI

S, a nd impro ve c o mmunity me nta l he a lth a fte r OI S.

 3. I

de ntify b e st pra c tic e s a nd a c tivitie s to impro ve re la tio nships b e twe e n o ffic e rs a nd c o mmunitie s the y se rve , to impro ve o ve ra ll c o mmunity me nta l he a lth.

T ha nk yo u to the se o ffic e rs a nd fo rme r o ffic e rs

 Ric k Bo lg ia no , So uth Bo sto n, Virg inia  Co lin Ha rris Va nc o uve r, Ca na da  E

b e n Ho wa rd , Ca lifo rnia

 Do n L

ink, Christia nsb urg , Virg inia

 Mike Mc Ca rthy L

ync hb urg , Virg inia

 Co lle e n Ro b e rts, Ra dfo rd , Virg inia

T ha nk yo u

Dr. Nina Be a ma n (434) 989-4856 Nina .Be a ma n@ a spe n.e du De a n o f Nursing Aspe n Unive rsity

APNA 30th Annual Conference Session 3046: October 21, 2016 Beaman 8

Re fe re nc e s--a rtic le s

 Alpe rt, G.P. Rive ra , J., & L

• tt, L

. (2012). Wo rking to wa rd the truth in o ffic e r-invo lve d sho o ting s: Me mo ry, stre ss, a nd time . F BI L aw E nfo rc e me nt Bulle tin, 81(5), 1.

 Artwo hl, A. (2002). Pe rc e ptua l a nd me mo ry disto rtio n

during o ffic e r-invo lve d sho o ting s. F BI L aw E nfo rc e me nt Bulle tin, 71(10), 18.

 Bla ke , D. & Cume lla , E

. (Oc to b e r, 2014). Offic e r fa tig ue a nd o ffic e r-invo lve d sho o ting s—A de a dly c o mb ina tio n fo r e rro r. T he Po lic e Chie f 81(10), 14.

 Bla ne y, N. (Se pte mb e r/ Oc to b e r, 2014). Offic e r invo lve d

sho o ting s with do g s. She riff, 54-55.

Re fe re nc e s--a rtic le s

 Bo hre r, S. & Cha ne y, R. (Ja nua ry 2010). Po lic e

inve stig a tio ns o f the use o f de a dly fo rc e c a n influe nc e pe rc e ptio ns a nd o utc o me s. F BI L aw E nfo rc e me nt Bulle tin, 79.

 Do nlo n-Co tto n, C. (April, 2006). Ca lming c o ntro ve rsy.

L aw & Orde r 54(4), 1.

 Ga lvin, B. (Ma y, 2008). Offic e r invo lve d sho o ting s. L

aw E nfo rc e me nt T e c hno lo g y, 35, 5.

 Jo hnso n, K

. (No ve mb e r 11, 2014). Po lic e killing s hig he st in two de c a de s. USA T

• day.

Re fe re nc e s--a rtic le s

 K

ling e r, D. (Ma y, 2012). De a ling with do wne d suspe c ts: So me le sso ns fro m the VAL OR Pro je c t a b o ut ho w to pro pe rly ma na g e the imme dia te a fte rma th o f o ffic e r invo lve d sho o ting s. T he Po lic e Chie f, 79(5), 24.

 K

no e rnsc hild , K . (July, 2015). Ric o c he t: Pro g ra ms he lp

• ffic e rs de a l with me nta l he a lth issue s, inc luding the ir
• wn. Jo urnal Re c o rd.

 L

a nde rs, B. (Ma y, 2015). T he fa c ts a b o ut o ffic e r-invo lve d sho o ting s. L aw and Orde r, 8, 25.

Re fe re nc e s--a rtic le s

 Me hlin, K

. (Ja nua ry, 2008). Offic e r-invo lve d sho o ting s. L aw & Orde r, 56(I ), 42.

 O’ L

e a ry, N. (Ma rc h, 2015). Offic e r-invo lve d sho o ting da ta b a se s. I nfo rmatio n T

• day, 16-17.

 Se we ll, J. D. (April, 1981). Po lic e stre ss. F

BI L aw Bulle tin, 9.

 T

ro utma n, S. (Ja nua ry/ F e b rua ry, 2016). Se c o nd vic tims: Offe ring pe e r suppo rt a fte r a dve rse o r stre ss-pro d uc ing e ve nts. T he Ame ric an Nurse , 1.

Re fe re nc e s-Bo o ks

 Da vis, K

. R. (2012).Use o f fo rc e inve stig atio ns: A manual fo r law e nfo rc e me nt. Blo o ming to n, I N: Re spo nde r Me dia .

 Ha tc h, D. E

. (2003). Offic e r-invo lve d sho o ting s and use o f fo rc e : Prac tic al inve stig ative te c hniq ue s. Bo c a Ra to n, F L : CRC Pre ss

 Jo ne s, C. E

. (1989). Afte r the smo ke c le ars: Surviving the po lic e sho o ting , An analysis o f the po st o ffic e r-invo lve d sho o ting trauma. Spring fie ld, I L : Cha rle s C. T ho ma s Pub lishing .

Re fe re nc e s--Bo o ks

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