NUCLEAR ENERGY DR MARK HO President, Australian Nuclear Association - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Jul 30, 2023 381 likes •697 views

NUCLEAR ENERGY DR MARK HO President, Australian Nuclear Association (ANA) OPAL: Australias research reactor Coals scheduled retirement Source: AEMO, Integrated System Planning, 2018 NSWs NEM Today Source MW % Capacity Factor (CF) MW

SLIDE 1

NUCLEAR ENERGY

DR MARK HO

President, Australian Nuclear Association (ANA)

SLIDE 2

OPAL: Australia’s research reactor

SLIDE 3

Source: AEMO, Integrated System Planning, 2018

Coal’s scheduled retirement

SLIDE 4

Source: AEMO 2018

NSW’s NEM Today

Source MW % Capacity Factor (CF) MW x CF % Solar 578 3.2% 0.24 139 1.8% Coal 10,240 57.2% 0.61 6,246 81.6% Gas 1,964 11.0% 0.21 412 5.4% Gas (reciprocating) 166 0.9% 0.24 40 0.5% Hydroelectric 4,250 23.7% 0.14 595 7.8% Biomass 78 0.4% 0.24 19 0.2% Wind 634 3.5% 0.32 203 2.7% Total 17,910 100.0%

Avg. Generation

7,654 100.0%

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Constant base load power Zero carbon production

80 80 - 92 92%

% capacity factor | 40

40 – 60+ 60+ years lifespan

What about nuclear?

SLIDE 6

Nuclear power reactors worldwide

447 447

reactors in total

2.5 trillion

kWh in 2018

10 10%

f world’s

electricity

SLIDE 7

98 63 46 36 28 24 14 13 10 9 20 40 60 80 100 120

Nuclear Power Generation

Source: IAEA, 2019. PRIS

[GW]

400 GW

World capacity total

10.2%

World’s electricity

80%

Global av. capacity factor

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Nuclear & VRE generation

Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2019

SLIDE 9

VRE grid penetration

Source: IEA, 2018

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Nuclear’s small environmental footprint

Land required to produce

26 26

terawatt hours annually Wind

1,010 1,010km2

Solar

607 607km2

Nuclear

6.5 6.5km2

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Carbon intensity

SLIDE 12

France & Germany

Source: http://data.worldbank.org/topic/climate-change

SLIDE 13

Renewables or Nuclear?

(Why not Renewables & Nuclear?)

Source: Fraunhofer ISE Germany, RTE France

SLIDE 14

300 300 units units

worldwide

Pressurised water reactor

Graphics: World Nuclear Association

SLIDE 15

Uranium power density

600 600L

f oil

800 800kg

f coal

17 17million

thermal units of natural gas

7 grams

SLIDE 16

CH4

Methane

Oxygen

CO2

Carbon Dioxide

H2O

Water

9.2 eV

ENERGY

Free moving neutrons

177,000,000 eV

ENERGY

Ba-141 + Kr-92

Barium and Krypton atoms

U-235

Radioactive uranium atom

Free moving neutron

Comparison

COM OMBUSTI USTION ON OF OF HYD HYDROC OCARBONS NS NU NUCLEAR LEAR FI FISSIO SSION N OF OF UR URANI NIUM UM

SLIDE 17

Fuel rods and fuel bundles

Images: Rosatom

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Spent fuel

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Geological Storage

Source: IAEA

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Alpha

(helium nucleus)

Beta

(electrons)

X-ray & gamma

(EM waves)

Neutrons

20 1 1 5-20

Relative damage

Combined measure:

Sievert (Sv)

What is Io Ionising Radiation?

Common measure: 1 µSv or 1 millionth of a Sievert

SLIDE 21

Eating a banana Flying to Bali 2 weeks in Fukushima Living in Australia 1 yr (background dose) CT chest scan

0.10 µSv 40 µSv 100 µSv 3,500 µSv 7,000 µSv

Radiation worker limit (1 year)

Maximum Dose without risk of developing cancer

Fatal dose

20,000 µSv 100,000 µSv 4,000,000 µSv

Every ryday examples

SLIDE 22

Taishan Units 1 & 2

SLIDE 23

Costs

China, Sanmen: 2 Units US $5.06 B project $2.3 M / MW US, Vogtle: 2 Units US $19 B project $8.6 M / MW

SLIDE 24

Small modular reactors

Mitsubishi APWRTM 1700 MWe NuScaleTM 60 MWe

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Smaller fu fuel load

Source: Worrall (2015)

60 MWe 1,100 MWe

SMRs vs 1 GW reactors

9.2 tons of uranium dioxide (UO2) 96.1 tons of uranium dioxide (UO2)

SLIDE 26

Cooling Reserv rvoir

Source: NuScale

SLIDE 27

Passive safety. Walkaway safe.

SLIDE 28

Molten salt reactors

Terrapower (B. Gates) Molten Chloride Fast Reactor Terrestrial Energy Integral Molten Salt Reactor

SLIDE 29

microReactors

Graphics: Los Alamos National Lab

SLIDE 30