New Low Cost Surge Resistive Inks Michail Moroz Aziz Shaikh IMAPS - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
new low cost surge resistive inks
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

New Low Cost Surge Resistive Inks Michail Moroz Aziz Shaikh IMAPS - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 22, 2023 465 likes •699 views

Ferro Electronic Material Systems New Low Cost Surge Resistive Inks Michail Moroz Aziz Shaikh IMAPS 2002 Denver, CO Outline Definition Surge Protection Types Lighting Surge Tests Standard 85-series Problems Caused by Pd

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Ferro Electronic Material Systems

New Low Cost Surge Resistive Inks

Michail Moroz Aziz Shaikh

IMAPS 2002 Denver, CO

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Outline

  • Definition
  • Surge Protection Types
  • Lighting Surge Tests
  • Standard 85-series
  • Problems Caused by Pd Content Reduction
  • RE88-series Development Results
  • Summary

2 2

IMAPS 2002, Denver, CO

Michail Moroz morozm@Ferro.com

slide-3
SLIDE 3

Definition

  • Surges - large current or voltage peaks for short

periods of time

  • Surge resistor - part of secondary surge

protection from voltage/current pulses or main voltage overload

  • Surge protection circuits typical applications:

Dissipation of the secondary voltage surge Sensing of changes in electrical current in

circuits

  • Circuit design:

Usually a pair of matched resistors on a

common single-in-line (SIL) substrate

IMAPS 2002, Denver, CO

3

Michail Moroz morozm@Ferro.com

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Types of Surge Protection

  • Primary surge protection:

Handles the high voltage transients Exists where the telephone line enters the

building

Dissipates very large amounts of power

  • Secondary surge protection:

Deals with the residual fault current passed

from the primary protection

Is usually built into the equipment to be

protected

Detects high voltages and passes the energy

to ground before any damage is done

IMAPS 2002, Denver, CO

4

Michail Moroz morozm@Ferro.com

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Lighting Surge Tests

  • Bellcore Spec. GR-1089:

10 x 1000 µsec, 1kV, 50 pulses, 60 sec between pulses 2 x 10 µsec, 2.5kV, 20 pulses, 60 sec between pulses

  • ITU-T K.20:

10 x 700 µsec, 1.5kV, 20 pulses, 60 sec between

pulses

  • Ferro Internal Specs:

Non-Destructive - 10 x 700 µsec, 2.8kV, 10 pulses,

20 sec between pulses

Destructive - 10 x 700 µsec starting at 2.8kV,

20 sec between pulses

IMAPS 2002, Denver, CO

5

Michail Moroz morozm@Ferro.com

slide-6
SLIDE 6

85-Series

  • Pd / Ag Ratio: 56 / 44
  • Resistivity: 0.1 Ω/ ÷ 10 Ω/
  • TCR: < ± 100 ppm
  • Drift After Lighting Surge: < 0.1%

IMAPS 2002, Denver, CO

6

Michail Moroz morozm@Ferro.com

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Problems Caused by Pd Content Reduction

  • High positive TCR
  • Undesirable ink rheology change

(viscosity/slope balance) and resultant poor resistor print shape

  • Lower voltage performance:

Noticeable negative resistance drop after

surge test

Much less voltage to failure

  • Much higher long-term resistance shift

IMAPS 2002, Denver, CO

7

Michail Moroz morozm@Ferro.com

slide-8
SLIDE 8

Low Cost RE88-series Development Results

  • Reduced Palladium content and inks cost by 30%
  • Optimized:

Inks rheology and printability Resistivity vs. peak firing temperature Hot/Cold TCR curve slope Long-term stability Resistance shift after lighting surges Voltage to failure

IMAPS 2002, Denver, CO

8

Michail Moroz morozm@Ferro.com

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Resistivity & TCR vs. Pd/Ag Ratio

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 45 55 60 70 75 80 85 90

Ag Content, %wt Resistivity, Ohm/Sq

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 55 45 40 30 25 20 15 10

Pd Content, %wt TCR, ppm/°C

Resistivity TCR

TCR of Ag-Pd Alloys

1000 2000 3000 4000 1 2 3 4 5 5 5 6 7 8 9 1

Pd Content TCR, ppm

IMAPS 2002, Denver, CO

9

Michail Moroz morozm@Ferro.com

slide-10
SLIDE 10

R1/R2 Ratio vs. Temperature

  • 0.10
  • 0.08
  • 0.06
  • 0.04
  • 0.02

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 125

Temperature, °C R1/ R2 Ratio Relative Change, %

85 - 0.5 Standard Pd/Ag Ratio TCR = +- 100ppm

IMAPS 2002, Denver, CO

10

Michail Moroz morozm@Ferro.com

slide-11
SLIDE 11

R1/R2 Ratio vs. Temperature

  • 0.10
  • 0.08
  • 0.06
  • 0.04
  • 0.02

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 125

Temperature, °C R1/R2 Ratio Relative Change, %

RE88 - 0.5 Thrifted Resistors TCR = + 400ppm

IMAPS 2002, Denver, CO

11

Michail Moroz morozm@Ferro.com

slide-12
SLIDE 12

TCR vs. Temperature

350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450

  • 55
  • 35
  • 15

45 65 85 105 125

Temperature, °C TCR, ppm

Reference Point: 25C

212 Sq, 0.50 Ohm/Sq

Thrifted Resistors

IMAPS 2002, Denver, CO

12

Michail Moroz morozm@Ferro.com

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Viscosity to Slope Ratio Effect on Open Voltage to Failure

2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 1841 1541 1430 1305 1271 1171 1159 1145 1107 1066

Viscosity to Slope Ratio, Absolute Value Open Voltage to Failure, Volts Standard Vehicle Adjusted Vehicle

IMAPS 2002, Denver, CO

13

Michail Moroz morozm@Ferro.com

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Squeegee Pressure Effect

#1: Squeegee Pressure

(SP) is Too Low # 2: Increased SP, but Thickness is not Uniform Yet # 3: Further Increased SP, Much More Uniform Resistor Shape #4: The Most Uniform Resistor Thickness, the Best Surge Performance

IMAPS 2002, Denver, CO

14

Michail Moroz morozm@Ferro.com

slide-15
SLIDE 15

SEM Images of Dried 20-mil Width Resistors

IMAPS 2002, Denver, CO

15

Michail Moroz morozm@Ferro.com

slide-16
SLIDE 16

Effect of Additive Content on Resistance Shift After Voltage Loading

  • 0.4
  • 0.2

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1 2 3 4 5 Additive Content, % Resistance Shift, % RE88-series, 0.1 Ohm/Sq RE88-series, 0.5 Ohm/Sq

Optimum Compositions

IMAPS 2002, Denver, CO

16

Michail Moroz morozm@Ferro.com

slide-17
SLIDE 17

R1/R2 Ratio Change After Surge Test

1000 Vpk, 10 x 1000 microsec, 100 Pulses

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0

  • 0.10
  • 0.08
  • 0.06
  • 0.04
  • 0.02

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

Ratio Change, % Ratio Change Distribution, %

+- 0.02%: 81% +- 0.03%: 92% +- 0.05%: 96%

RE88-0.5-2

IMAPS 2002, Denver, CO

17

Michail Moroz morozm@Ferro.com

slide-18
SLIDE 18

Effect of Peak Firing Temperature on Resistance Shift After Surge Test

  • 0.10
  • 0.05

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 800 825 850 875 Peak Firing Temperature, °C Resistivity Change, % 85-series, 0.8 Ohm/Sq RE88-series, 0.8 Ohm/Sq RE88-series, 0.1 Ohm/Sq

IMAPS 2002, Denver, CO

18

Michail Moroz morozm@Ferro.com

slide-19
SLIDE 19

Resistance Sensitivity to Peak Firing Temperature

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 800 825 850 875 Peak Firing Temperature, °C Resistivity Change, %

85-series, 0.8 Ohm/Sq RE88-series, 0.8 Ohm/Sq RE88-series, 0.1 Ohm/Sq

IMAPS 2002, Denver, CO

19

Michail Moroz morozm@Ferro.com

slide-20
SLIDE 20

Long-term Resistance Drift After Surge Test

  • 0.20
  • 0.15
  • 0.10
  • 0.05

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 12 36 96 250 400 600 800 1000

Dwell Time at 150°C, Hours Resistance Shift, %

85-0.5 RE88-0.5

Non-Destructive Surge Test: Pulse Type: 10/700 microsec

  • No. of Pulses: 10

Voltage: 2.8 KV

IMAPS 2002, Denver, CO

20

Michail Moroz morozm@Ferro.com

slide-21
SLIDE 21

RE88-series Resistors Controllable Characteristics

  • Resistivity
  • TCR
  • Rheology: Up/Down curves slope
  • R after refiring at 600°C & 850°C
  • R after surge test
  • Voltage to failure

IMAPS 2002, Denver, CO

21

Michail Moroz morozm@Ferro.com

slide-22
SLIDE 22

Summary

  • New RE88-series thrifted surge resistors:

Reduced content of Palladium Resistivity range: 0.1 Ω/ ÷ 1.0 Ω/ TCR ≤ + 400 ppm TCR deviation measured from -55°C to +125°C

less than ± 30 ppm

R1:R2 ratio matching similar as for standard

resistors

Controlled performance Similar surge protection and long-term reliability

as standard 85-series resistors at a lower cost

IMAPS 2002, Denver, CO

22

Michail Moroz morozm@Ferro.com