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Joe Dauer Michigan State University Department of Plant Biology
KBS K-12 Partnership December 5, 2012
- Long-distance seed dispersal in the atmosphere
- Plant dispersal through soil
- Kazoo experiential learning activities
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Joe Dauer Michigan State University Department of Plant Biology - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Joe Dauer Michigan State University Department of Plant Biology - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Joe Dauer Michigan State University Department of Plant Biology KBS K-12 Partnership December 5, 2012 Long-distance seed dispersal in the atmosphere Plant dispersal through soil Kazoo experiential learning activities 2 Images of
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Images of knotweed, ragwort, horseweed
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Dispersal – the movement of organisms away from their source (Nathan 2001)
- Superspreaders in epidemiology
- Connectivity and corridors in restoration ecology and biodiversity
- Management of species
Why plant ecologists care about dispersal
- Not a behavioral response, passively distributed
- The major driver of plant invasions
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Source Processes Relocation Processes Destination Processes
Adaptations to dispersal Initiation of dispersal Cessation of dispersal Likelihood of impact
“Flow of Life in the Atmosphere” S.A. Isard and S.H. Gage
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- An important
agricultural weed which has evolved resistance to the most common herbicide (RoundUp)
- Produces 100,000 small
wind dispersed seeds
- Motivating question:
How are seeds traveling and how far?
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Dauer et al. 2007. J. Appl. Ecol.
USDA Weedy and Invasive Species #2004-02158 (Co-PI)
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“Fundamentals of Biometeorology Vol. 1” Lowry and Lowry
- 1. Wind speed increases at greater heights
- 2. Air flow is more laminar at greater heights
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Height Above Ground Level
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300 m 150 m
Horseweed
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Horseweed
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Seed concentration graphics
Early – 4% Middle – 7% Late – 8%
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Dauer et al. 2009 Ag. Forest Meteo.
Long distance dispersers Short distance dispersers
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- There are a lot of plants that use the atmosphere to
disperse long distances
- Measuring the mechanism of seed dispersal yields
greater information on how to manage biological invasions (Dauer et al. 2009 Landscape Ecol.)
- The atmosphere is largely unexplored
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- Long-distance seed dispersal in the atmosphere
- Dispersal through soil
- Kazoo experiential learning activities
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!"#$%&'(")*+","-./+"01*.2&*+3.* )""&* 4.1*$"#$%&'("*%2("*%$*5'0/#0"* /5")*
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6"$"223.0)*(.2*.0)%*$"#$%&'("*718*
- 9-"5*-'7"$)*:*"20.$,"&**
$;3<%5")*%$*)-%0%2)=*.0)%** (.00"&*2'-0"-)*
- >$.,5"2-)*
9-%0%2)*?$'22"$)@* !;3<%5")*?5%&3A"&* '2&"$,$%'2&*)-"5)@*
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B22'.0)* C3"223.0)* 935#0"* 6"$"223.0)* D$""#32,*6"$"223.0)* Arrows indicate lowest position on the plant from which new shoots can regenerate
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Barney et al. 2006
USDA Postdoctoral Fellowship 2010-85320 (Dauer PI)
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Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum)
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Aerial Shoot Rhizome Lateral bud Terminal bud
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What is Japanese knotweed rhizome morphology in a new infestation and how does it change in time and space?
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Rhizomes Lateral Buds Terminal Bud
Produces 1 or more Contains many Contains
- ne
New Shoot Crown Seeds
Rarely produces Rarely produces Germinates (??) Re-emerges next year as a Re-emerges following year
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Philomath, OR
1 m
Treated in 2009 Emerged in 2010 Emerged in 2011
Maybury State Park, Northville, MI
1 m Present in 2010 Emerged in 2011
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0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Growth rate per day (cm)
May 1 June 1 July 1 Aug 1 Sept 1 Oct 1
Plants from Crowns (n=85) New Plants from Rhizomes (n=194) Rhizomes (n=2)
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Rhizome Growth
June 11 July 15 August 5 September 30
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- Underground rhizome growth is the primary way
an infestation of Japanese knotweed expands
- Eventually Japanese knotweed patches can
reach hundreds of stems in a few square meters
- Improve management by identifying
vulnerabilities in the knotweed life cycle
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- Long-distance seed dispersal in the atmosphere
- Dispersal through soil
- Kazoo experiential learning activities
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Kazoo Collaboration
4th and 5th Grade Students Kleinstuck Nature Preserve
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- Engage the students in real research on plants
they would encounter in their backyard
- Learn about plants outside of a textbook
- Consider humans role in plant invasions
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- Built 1.5 inch wide
rhizotrons to observe rhizome growth
- Long term project
- Repeated with
different treatments
- Soil and Sand
- Organic and
Synthetic fertilizers
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Start with what we know – where the plants are located. Use science notebooks to record process
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Students decided on treatments:
- 1. Dig out the rhizomes
- 2. Cover the plants through
spring
- 3. Cut the knotweed at the
ground level
- 4. Cut the knotweed and
add a strong salt solution to the crown.
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Was the release of the psyllid successful? Can the lice overpopulate? How long does it take to eat one plant? How long will it take for the lice to make a difference? How long will it take for the lice to become part of our ecosystem? When are the lice coming to the US?
Sap-sucking louse (psyllid) that feeds only on Japanese knotweed Released in 2010 in England as biological control
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Presenting the work at Kleinstuck Preserve Field Day
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- 1. Inform their school mates
- 2. Connect with students at
- ther schools
- 3. Work with Dept. Natural
Resources to inform public at nature reserves
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- Carol Mallory-Smith and Andy Hulting
- Melody Rudenko, Jessica Haavisto, Megan
Gustafson, Etiowo Usoro
- The landowners
- MI Department of Natural Resources and Vern
Stephens
- Derek Strine and Nicole Chinigo
- All the Kazoo students