SLIDE 1 2018 CDB Part IB
Plant Development
Jim Haseloff
Department of Plant Sciences
(haseloff.plantsci.cam.ac.uk/education)
Lecture 1 Plant architecture and embryogenesis
SLIDE 2 Plant Development
Lecture 1: Plant architecture and embryogenesis.
Lecture 2: Polarity and auxin fmow.
Lecture 3: Regulation of gene expression by auxin.
Lecture 4: Patterning of indeterminate growth.
Lecture 5: Formation and specifjcation of lateral organs.
Lecture 6: Morphogenesis. Web resources: An electronic version of the lecture slides, a colour version of these notes and additional teaching materials including review papers and essay topics can be found on the web site: http://haselofg.plantsci.cam.ac.uk (click the “education” menu choice and navigate to the CDB Part 1B resources section). Recommended Text books:
For an integrated overview of animal and plant development see:
Principles of Development, Lewis Wolpert and Cheryll Tickle, Oxford University Press, 2011. Chapter 7 provides a concise overview of the lecture content. For coverage of plant development see:
Mechanisms in Plant Development, Ottoline Leyser & Stephen Day, Blackwell Science, UK, 2002. For a general discussion of self-organisation across physical and biological systems see:
Nature's patterns: a tapestry in three parts, Shapes, Flow and Branches, Phillip Ball,
Oxford University Press, 2009.
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Immobile and Branched
SLIDE 4 Plant cells are encased in a semi- rigid extracellular matrix
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SLIDE 6 BBC Natural History Unit
Plant Morphogenesis
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Cladophora
Origin of terrestrial plants
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Colonisation of the land by plants
SLIDE 10 Different conditions faced by algae and plants
Supportive medium (water) Photosynthesis in most cells Direct access to minerals and water Non supportive medium (air) No photosynthesis in root cells Aerial parts not in direct contact with minerals and water
SLIDE 12 Aglaophyton major
Early terrestrial plants
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Distribution of terrestrial plants 390 million years ago
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Arabidopsis thaliana as a model plant system
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Arabidopsis thaliana has the best characterised plant genome.
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SLIDE 28 Octant stage embryo
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Radial asymmetry in the 16-cell embryo
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Radial asymmetry in the 16-cell embryo Specification of shoot and root meristems
SLIDE 32 Protoderm stage embryo
SLIDE 33 Globular stage embryo
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SLIDE 36 20,000 cells after 10 days of development
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Arabidopsis thaliana
germinating seed
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Arabidopsis thaliana seeding
4 days after germination
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A meristem is self-organising and renews itself.
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The shoot meristem is branched and indeterminate, capable of producing lateral primordia at the flanks of the meristem.
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Modular growth and production of lateral organs
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Indeterminate growth of the Arabidopsis root meristem
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Continued growth of shoot and root meristems produces the adult plant body
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How is an adult body plan built?
Precise sequence of divisions during early embryogenesis. Are plant cell fates controlled by (1) segregation of determinants? (2) positional information?
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Genetic screening for mutants in Arabidopsis development
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SLIDE 55 fass mutants have cytoskeletal defects, with altered patterns of cell division
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SLIDE 57 fass alleles Wild type fass plants form organised tissues despite deranged cell divisions
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Exchange of positional information
SLIDE 61 http://haseloff.plantsci.cam.ac.uk
