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Neural circuits for olfactory chemotaxis Nikhil Bhatla January 14, 2013 MIT IAP C. elegans move to the peak of a chemical gradient (chemotaxis) 3 worms explore without 3 worms explore with chemical gradient chemical gradient (peak at center)

  1. Neural circuits for olfactory chemotaxis Nikhil Bhatla January 14, 2013 MIT IAP

  2. C. elegans move to the peak of a chemical gradient (chemotaxis) 3 worms explore without 3 worms explore with chemical gradient chemical gradient (peak at center) 15 min tracks Attracting is chloride ions Ward 1973

  3. Directed movement by klinokinesis (aka ‘biased random walk’) START Attractant gradient Simulated bacterium’s path Simulation result from Bacterial Chemotaxis Simulator: wormweb.org/bacteriachemo

  4. Directed movement by klinotaxis (aka ‘weathervane’) Drosophila larvae Gomez-Marin..Louis 2011

  5. C. elegans move to the peak of a chemical gradient (chemotaxis) 3 worms explore without 3 worms explore with chemical gradient chemical gradient (peak at center) 15 min tracks Attracting is chloride ions Ward 1973

  6. C. elegans locomotion patterns Cheung..de Bono 2005

  7. C. elegans locomotion patterns forward backward omega turn Croll 1975

  8. Head Sensilla AM = amphid (12 neurons x 2) IL = inner labia (2 neurons x 6) OL = outer labia (1 neuron x 6) CEP = cephalic (1 neuron x 4) WormAtlas.org

  9. Amphids Cross section at tip of nose WormAtlas.org

  10. Head sensory neuron cilia attractive repulsive attractive temp. pheromones salt O 2 & CO 2 harsh touch Senses: odorants odorants odorants nose touch Senses: nose touch food shape? ? mating cue? O 2 ? ? WormAtlas.org

  11. Worms are attracted to various odorants che-2 is required for cilia formation Bargmann..Horvitz 1993

  12. AWA and AWC are involved in sensing mostly different odorants Bargmann..Horvitz 1993

  13. Sensors for chemoattractants diacetyl AWA pyrazine chemotaxis trimethylthiazole butanone AWC chemotaxis benzalehyde isoamyl alcohol Derived from Bargmann..Horvitz 1993

  14. Worms can distinguish odorants smelled by the same sensory neuron Bargmann..Horvitz 1993

  15. AWC responds most strongly to IA and food removal AWC Chalasani..Bargmann 2007

  16. AWC activity correlates with omega turns Chalasani..Bargmann 2007

  17. AWC primarily outputs to AIY, AIB and AIA WormWeb.org/neuralnet

  18. AWC inhibits AIA via glc-3 AIA Chalasani..Bargmann 2010

  19. AWC activates AIB via glr-1 AIB Chalasani..Bargmann 2007

  20. AWC inhibits AIY via glc-3 AIY Chalasani..Bargmann 2007

  21. Similar to sensory processing in the retina? photoreceptor rods Chalasani..Bargmann 2007

  22. Worm nose wiggles control turning in response to odors dorsal Kocabas..Ramanathan 2012

  23. Worm turns in direction of odor bacteria Kocabas..Ramanathan 2012

  24. Activation of AIY during nose bending controls turning and reversals worm centroid worm nose symmetric stimulation Kocabas..Ramanathan 2012

  25. SMB activation causes turning in the nose direction, while RME activation causes turning in the opposite direction AIZ: SMB: Kocabas..Ramanathan 2012

  26. Activation of AIY & SMB and inhibition of AWC & AIZ & RME controls turning Kocabas..Ramanathan 2012

  27. Light intensity-varying stimulation of AIY results in virtual chemotaxis Kocabas..Ramanathan 2012

  28. Odorant chemotaxis circuit AIY GLC-3 AIZ SMB RME GABA? ACh? nose muscle isoamyl alcohol AIA Glu GLC-3 AWC turn toward isoamyl alcohol isoamyl alcohol removal AIB chemotaxis GLR-1 Derived from Bargmann..Horvitz 1993, Chalasani..Bargmann 2007, Kocabas..Ramanathan 2012

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