Definition of Reproduction Asexual Reproduction The process by - PDF document

Definition of Reproduction Asexual Reproduction � The process by which living organisms produce new organisms of their own kind Two types of Reproduction Asexual Reproduction � A single parent produces an identical � Sexual offspring � Asexual � Same hereditary information (genes) in the offspring as in the parent � Same traits generation after generation � Process happens quickly and produces large number of offspring 1

Seven Types of Asexual Concerns Reproduction � 1. Mitosis � Limited genetic variation (they are all � 2. Binary fission the same) makes the organism more � 3. Budding susceptible to mass extinction � 4. Spores � Rapid growth may be limited by the food, water, space, etc. which may lead � 5. Regeneration to death of organisms � 6. Vegetative propagation � 7. Cloning Mitosis (#1) Binary Fission (#2) � Produces body cells in animals and � Simplest form plants � Parent cell divides � Process studied in 7 th Grade into two equal parts � Cells produce an identical cell with the � Example : bacteria same function � http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm www.DennisKunkel.com 2

Binary Fission Video Paramecium � Many swimmers � Oral groove (mouth) � Cilia for propulsion http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/moviegallery/pondscum/protozoa/parameciu m/index.html Budding (#3) Spores (#4) � New individual ”grows” off parent � Specialized cell organism similar to a seed � New offspring may � Thick, tough outer break off or remain covering attached � Example: fungi � Examples : yeast, hydra, sponges http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/olympusmicd/galleries/movieg allery/pondscum/coelenterata/hydra/index.html 3

Regeneration (5) Vegetative Propagation (#6) � Ability to re-grow lost body parts � Growing new plants from: � Examples : starfish, planarian, roots – sweet potato earthworms stems – philodendron leaves – african violet http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/olympusmicd/galleries/darkfi eld/planaria.html Grafting Zap with electricity Replace nucleus Remove nucleus Wait 7 � Combining the roots of one plant with the Days *7 stem of another *6 *5 � Grapes : tough wild roots + seedless (yummy) *4 stems ��������������� *3 ���������� *2 ������������������� ������������������� ������������������� ������������������� � Roses : tough wild roots + pretty stems ���������������� ���������� ���������� ���������� ���������� *1 • blood, skin, muscle � 5 in 1 apple trees : roots of one tree + 5 varieties • Haploid = 1/2 cell chromosomes of the body of * Diploid Cell cell 46 chromosomes • Human = 23 � http://aggie- chromosomes horticulture.tamu.edu/propagation/graftingmovies/i 9 months ndex.html Offspring *Not genetically like host organism Place in the uterus *Exact genetic of the host organism copy of donor cell 4

Cloning Pictures of Cloned Animals � Process ensures the new plant/animal � http://www.guardian.co.uk/gall/0,8542,6 is an exact copy of the donor cell 27251,00.html http://www.guardian.co.uk/gall/0,8542,627251,00.html Dolly Video 5