Motivation and Emotion: Emotions, Stress and Health Unit Overview - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Motivation and Emotion: Emotions, Stress and Health Unit Overview Theories of Emotion Embodied Emotion Expressed Emotion Experienced Emotion Stress and Health Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in
Motivation and Emotion: Emotions, Stress and Health
Unit Overview
Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.
Does our heart pound because we are afraid, or are we afraid because
Theories of emotions
–Physiological arousal –Expressive behavior –Conscious experience
theory
Theories of emotions
Theories of emotions
Theories of emotions
Theories of emotions
Theories of emotions
Theories of emotions
–Schachter-Singer
Theories of emotions
–Schachter-Singer
Theories of emotions
–Schachter-Singer
Theories of emotions
Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System
–Sympathetic nervous system
–Parasympathetic nervous system
–Moderate arousal is ideal
Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System
Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System
Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System
Arousal and Performance
peaks at lower levels of arousal for difficult tasks, and at higher levels for easy
tasks
Performance level Low Arousal High Difficult tasks Easy tasks
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Physiological Similarities Among Specific Emotions
Physiological Differences Among Specific Emotions
–Amygdala –Frontal lobes
–Polygraph
Emotion- A Polygraph Examination
Emotion- Lie Detectors
Control question Relevant question Control question Relevant question
(a) (b)
Respiration Perspiration Heart rate
Emotion- Lie Detectors
–1/3 of innocent declared guilty –1/4 of guilty declared innocent (from Kleinmuntz & Szucko, 1984)
Percentage Innocent people Guilty people 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Judged innocent by polygraph Judged guilty by polygraph
The Physiology of Emotion
– A division of the Peripheral NS – Arouses and Calms
– a neural key to fear learning
Cognition and Emotion
Cognition Can Define Emotion
–Schachter-Singer experiment
channels it
Cognition and Emotion
Cognition Does Not Always Precede Emotion
Detecting Emotion: Video
–Duchenne smile
Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior
Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior
Culture and Emotional Expression
Expressing Emotion Activity
Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion
Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion
Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion
Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion
The Effects of Facial Expressions
Fear
–amygdala
Anger
–Evoked by events –Catharsis –Expressing anger can increase anger
Happiness
–Feel-good, do-good phenomenon –Well-being
Happiness
The Short Life of Emotional Ups and Downs
Happiness
Wealth and Well-Being
Happiness
Wealth and Well-Being
Happiness
Two Psychological Phenomena: Adaptation and Comparison
–Adaptation-level phenomenon
–Relative deprivation
Happiness
Predictors of Happiness
Introduction
Stress and Illness
–Stress appraisal
Stress and Illness
The Stress Response System
syndrome (GAS)
–Alarm –Resistance –exhaustion
Stress and Illness
General Adaptation Syndrome
Stress and Illness
General Adaptation Syndrome
Stress and Illness
General Adaptation Syndrome
Stress and Illness
General Adaptation Syndrome
Stress and Illness
Stressful Life Events
Stress and the Heart
–Type A –Type B
Stress and Susceptibility to Disease
–Lymphocytes
–Stress and AIDS –Stress and Cancer
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can be identified by the text being underlined and a different color (usually purple). – Unit subsections hyperlinks: Immediately after the unit title slide, a page (slide #3) can be found listing all of the unit’s subsections. While in slide show mode, clicking on any of these hyperlinks will take the user directly to the beginning of that subsection. This allows teachers quick access to each subsection. – Bold print term hyperlinks: Every bold print term from the unit is included in this presentation as a hyperlink. While in slide show mode, clicking on any of the hyperlinks will take the user to a slide containing the formal definition of the term. Clicking on the “arrow” in the bottom left corner of the definition slide will take the user back to the original point in the presentation. These hyperlinks were included for teachers who want students to see or copy down the exact definition as stated in the text. Most teachers prefer the definitions not be included to prevent students from only “copying down what is on the screen” and not actively listening to the presentation. For teachers who continually use the Bold Print Term Hyperlinks option, please contact the author using the email address on the next slide to learn a technique to expedite the returning to the original point in the presentation.
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Kent Korek Germantown High School Germantown, WI 53022 262-253-3400 kkorek@germantown.k12.wi.us
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Definition Slide
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Emotion
= a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience.
James-Lange Theory
= the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli.
Cannon-Bard Theory
= the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion.
Two-factor Theory
= the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal.
Polygraph
= a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measure several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes).
Facial Feedback
= the effect of facial expressions on experienced emotions, as when a facial expression of anger or happiness intensifies feelings of anger or happiness.
Catharsis
= emotional release. The catharsis hypothesis maintains that “releasing’ aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.
Feel-Good Do-Good Phenomenon
= people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood.
Well-being
= self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of
and economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life.
Adaptation-level Phenomenon
= our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience.
Relative Deprivation
= the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare
Behavioral Medicine
= an interdisciplinary field that integrates behavior and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease..
Health Psychology
= a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine.
Stress
= the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
= Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases – alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
Coronary Heart Disease
= the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in North America.
Type A
= Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people.
Type B
= Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people.
Psychophysiological Illness
= literally, “mind-body” illness; any stress- related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches.
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
= the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health.
Lymphocytes
= the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system; B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances.