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Monitoring extreme hydrological events and their effects

using lightweight unmanned aircraft for remote sensing

Justyna Jeziorska, Tomasz Niedzielski, Matylda Witek

Department of Geoinformatics and Cartography University of Wrocław, POLAND

Dresden, 29.08.2013 Dresden, 29.08.2013

Monitoring extreme hydrological events and their effects using lightweight unmanned aircraft for remote sensing Justyna Jeziorska (justyna.jeziorska@uni.wroc.pl ), Tomasz Niedzielski, Matylda Witek

Introduction Methods

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Photogrammetry from aerial imagery Ortophotomaps

Study area Results Conclusions Further research Introduction Introduction Methods Methods

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Photogrammetry from aerial imagery Photogrammetry from aerial imagery Ortophotomaps Ortophotomaps

Study area Study area Results Results Conclusions Conclusions Further research Further research

Presentation overview Presentation overview

INTRODUCTION UAV AERIAL IMAGES ORTHOPHOTOS STUDY AREA RESULTS CONCLUSIONS PLANS

Monitoring extreme hydrological events and their effects using lightweight unmanned aircraft for remote sensing Justyna Jeziorska (justyna.jeziorska@uni.wroc.pl ), Tomasz Niedzielski, Matylda Witek

Introduction Introduction

How can we aquire spatial measurements?

Terrestial surveying Aerial and satellite photogrammetry

How can we aquire spatial measurements? How can we aquire spatial measurements?

Terrestial surveying Terrestial surveying Aerial and satellite Aerial and satellite photogrammetry photogrammetry

high resolution high resolution time and labour time and labour‐ ‐consuming consuming susceptibility to mistakes susceptibility to mistakes topographic restriction topographic restriction mapping large areas in short time mapping large areas in short time expensive aerial surveys expensive aerial surveys certified pilots needed certified pilots needed topographic restrictions topographic restrictions (airport needed) (airport needed) large area imagery available large area imagery available resolusion often insufficient resolusion often insufficient no control over acquiring photos no control over acquiring photos

Monitoring extreme hydrological events and their effects using lightweight unmanned aircraft for remote sensing Justyna Jeziorska (justyna.jeziorska@uni.wroc.pl ), Tomasz Niedzielski, Matylda Witek

incorporating the UAV into the HydroProg  test a new concept of combining spatial prediction with its aerial verification incorporating the UAV into the HydroProg incorporating the UAV into the HydroProg   test a new concept of test a new concept of combining spatial combining spatial prediction with its aerial verificatio prediction with its aerial verification n

Introduction Introduction

Monitoring extreme hydrological events and their effects using lightweight unmanned aircraft for remote sensing Justyna Jeziorska (justyna.jeziorska@uni.wroc.pl ), Tomasz Niedzielski, Matylda Witek

incorporating the UAV into the HydroProg  test a new concept of combining spatial prediction with its aerial verification incorporating the UAV incorporating the UAV into the HydroProg into the HydroProg   test a new concept of test a new concept of combining spatial combining spatial prediction with prediction with its aerial its aerial verificatio verification n

Introduction Introduction

Monitoring extreme hydrological events and their effects using lightweight unmanned aircraft for remote sensing Justyna Jeziorska (justyna.jeziorska@uni.wroc.pl ), Tomasz Niedzielski, Matylda Witek

Comprehensive UAV system swinglet CAM

• a. Fixed‐wing UAV

endurance: 1 flight ≈ 30 min ultra‐light: 0,5 kg wingspan: 80 cm

• b. ground control station

‐ notebook with a dedicated software

• c. radiomodem
• d. remote control
• e. on‐board 12MP camera

Comprehensive UAV system Comprehensive UAV system swinglet CAM swinglet CAM

• a. Fixed
• a. Fixed‐

‐wing UAV wing UAV

endurance: 1 flight endurance: 1 flight ≈ ≈ 30 min 30 min ultra ultra‐ ‐light: 0,5 kg light: 0,5 kg wingspan: 80 cm wingspan: 80 cm

• b. ground control station
• b. ground control station

‐ ‐ notebook with notebook with a dedicated software a dedicated software

• c. radiomodem
• c. radiomodem
• d. remote control
• d. remote control
• e. on
• e. on‐

‐board 12MP camera board 12MP camera

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

Monitoring extreme hydrological events and their effects using lightweight unmanned aircraft for remote sensing Justyna Jeziorska (justyna.jeziorska@uni.wroc.pl ), Tomasz Niedzielski, Matylda Witek

Close range oblique aerial imagery Close range oblique aerial imagery

No vertical photographs No metric camera No vertical photographs No vertical photographs No metric camera No metric camera

Monitoring extreme hydrological events and their effects using lightweight unmanned aircraft for remote sensing Justyna Jeziorska (justyna.jeziorska@uni.wroc.pl ), Tomasz Niedzielski, Matylda Witek

Ortophotomap generation (1) Ortophotomap generation (1)

AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS ORTHORECTIFICATION PROCESS ORTHORECTIFICATION PROCESS

geometry not eligible for quantitative measurements (topographic displacement, tilt and sometimes camera lens distortion) changing the perspective projection of a photo changing the perspective projection of a photo into the orthographic position into the orthographic position

FINAL PRODUCT FINAL PRODUCT

Geometric correctness of the Geometric correctness of the orthophotomap

• rthophotomap

(can be treated as cartometric material (can be treated as cartometric material) )

Monitoring extreme hydrological events and their effects using lightweight unmanned aircraft for remote sensing Justyna Jeziorska (justyna.jeziorska@uni.wroc.pl ), Tomasz Niedzielski, Matylda Witek

WORKFLOW WORKFLOW WORKFLOW Ortophotomap generation (2) Ortophotomap generation (2)

geotagging geotagging Bundle Block Bundle Block Adjustment Adjustment Manual Manual editing editing

• rthorectifying
• rthorectifying

DIGITAL DIGITAL SURFACE SURFACE MODEL MODEL Stereosampling Stereosampling (point clouds) (point clouds) ORTHOPHOTOMAP ORTHOPHOTOMAP

Monitoring extreme hydrological events and their effects using lightweight unmanned aircraft for remote sensing Justyna Jeziorska (justyna.jeziorska@uni.wroc.pl ), Tomasz Niedzielski, Matylda Witek

Study area Study area

Kłodzko County is located in the Central and Eastern Sudetes, in the SW Poland The rivers of the region are the Nysa Kłodzka and its key tributaries Topography and the extensive hydrographic network contribute to rapid and catastrophic floods The data recorded by the Local System for Flood Monitoring, which was created in this county, are transmitted every 15 minutes K Kł łodzko County

• dzko County is located in the Central and

is located in the Central and Eastern Eastern Sudetes, Sudetes, in the in the SW Poland SW Poland The rivers of the region are The rivers of the region are the the Nysa K Nysa Kł łodzka

• dzka

and its key tributaries and its key tributaries Topography Topography and the and the extensive hydrographic network extensive hydrographic network contribute to contribute to rapid and catastrophic rapid and catastrophic floods floods The data recorded by the The data recorded by the Local System for Flood Monitoring Local System for Flood Monitoring, , which which was created was created in this county in this county, , are transmitted every 15 minutes are transmitted every 15 minutes

Monitoring extreme hydrological events and their effects using lightweight unmanned aircraft for remote sensing Justyna Jeziorska (justyna.jeziorska@uni.wroc.pl ), Tomasz Niedzielski, Matylda Witek

Missions

• Multiple missions
• ver chosen gauges,
• frequency weather‐

‐dependent

Products of geoprocessing

Orthophotomaps: resolution ≈ 3 cm/px Digital Surface Models: resolution ≈ 11 cm/px

Missions Missions

• Multiple missions

Multiple missions

• ver chosen gauges,
• ver chosen gauges,
• frequency weather

frequency weather‐ ‐ ‐ ‐dependent dependent

Products of geoprocessing Products of geoprocessing

Orthophotomaps: resolution Orthophotomaps: resolution ≈ ≈ 3 cm/px 3 cm/px Digital Surface Models: resolution Digital Surface Models: resolution ≈ ≈ 11 cm/px 11 cm/px

Results (1) Results (1)

Monitoring extreme hydrological events and their effects using lightweight unmanned aircraft for remote sensing Justyna Jeziorska (justyna.jeziorska@uni.wroc.pl ), Tomasz Niedzielski, Matylda Witek

Fluvial changes Fluvial changes Fluvial changes

Results (2) Results (2)

Orthophotomap sequence Orthophotomap sequence

Raw images (aerial photos) Raw images (aerial photos)

Monitoring extreme hydrological events and their effects using lightweight unmanned aircraft for remote sensing Justyna Jeziorska (justyna.jeziorska@uni.wroc.pl ), Tomasz Niedzielski, Matylda Witek

Unmanned aerial vehicles allow us to acquire high temporal and spatial resolution data, appropriate for hydrologic analysis

The UAV‐based remote sensing fills the void between high‐cost, time‐ consuming terrestrial measurements and high‐cost, high‐range aerial photo acquisition, which provides lower resolution products

Unmanned aerial vehicles allow us to acquire Unmanned aerial vehicles allow us to acquire high temporal high temporal and and spatial resolution spatial resolution data, appropriate for data, appropriate for hydrologic analysis hydrologic analysis

The UAV The UAV‐ ‐based remote sensing based remote sensing fills fills the the void void between high between high‐ ‐cost cost, , time time‐ ‐ consuming terrestrial measurements and high consuming terrestrial measurements and high‐ ‐cost cost, , high high‐ ‐range aerial range aerial photo acquisition, which provides lower resolution products photo acquisition, which provides lower resolution products

Conclusions Conclusions

ADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Flexibility in deployment Flexibility in deployment Low cost of survey Low cost of survey Short time of mission arrangement Short time of mission arrangement (quick reaction if needed) (quick reaction if needed) Extremely high resolution Extremely high resolution – – up to 3 cm/px up to 3 cm/px Strong dependency on weather conditions Strong dependency on weather conditions Requirements of post Requirements of post‐ ‐flight imagery flight imagery processing in order to make the final product processing in order to make the final product cartometric and free of geometric distortion cartometric and free of geometric distortion

Monitoring extreme hydrological events and their effects using lightweight unmanned aircraft for remote sensing Justyna Jeziorska (justyna.jeziorska@uni.wroc.pl ), Tomasz Niedzielski, Matylda Witek

carrying out additional surveys during periods

• f high flood

risk, evaluating the quality of the DSM, transferring the prediction for single points into the spatial prognosis, automation of flood warnings sent by email/SMS to the UAV

• perating team so that they are able to immediately
• rganize a field trip and conduct multiple aerial missions in

the vicinity of the selected gauges. carrying out carrying out additional surveys additional surveys during periods during periods

• f high flood
• f high flood

risk risk, , evaluating the evaluating the quality of the DSM quality of the DSM, , transferring transferring the the prediction prediction for single points for single points into the into the spatial spatial prognosis prognosis, , automation of flood warnings automation of flood warnings sent by email/SMS to the UAV sent by email/SMS to the UAV

• perating team so that they are able to
• perating team so that they are able to immediately

immediately

• rganize a field trip and conduct multiple aerial missions in
• rganize a field trip and conduct multiple aerial missions in

the vicinity of the selected gauges. the vicinity of the selected gauges.

Further research Further research

Thank you for your attention Thank you for your attention

I will be happy to answer any questions I will be happy to answer any questions

Monitoring extreme hydrological events and their