Millet and Livelihood of vulnerable community with special focus on - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Millet and Livelihood of vulnerable community with special focus on Women

E.D.Israel Oliver King , Principal Scientist

M.S.Swaminathan Research Foundation, Namakkal

• liverking@mssrf.res.in

Embracing Millets back to life ‐ National Millet Conference 2016

21 May 2016, Bhopal

Scheme of Presentation

Part 1 : Millets, Role of Women and participatory research and development work of MSSRF Part 2:

• 1. Emerging market opportunities for millets in

Periurban and Urban context

• 2. New development in small scale millet processing

equipments

• 3. Reflection on the status of millets in PDS in

Karnataka and Tamil Nadu

• 4. Issues and opportunities in millet growing regions in

Tamil Nadu using 4 C Framework

CLIMATE SMART NUTRITIOUS MILLETS

FINGER MILLET

(Eleucine coracana)

FOXTAIL MILLET (Setaria italica) Kodo millet

Paspalum scrobiculatum

Proso Millet Panicum miliaceum LITTLE MILLET

(Panicum sumatrense)

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + indicates the drought hardiness

Millets are hardy, nutritious but neglected

Kolli Hills, Eastern Ghats, India

Climate Resilient Practices; Mixed Cropping – Coping Mechanism Against Natural Calamities Millet Landraces Diversity across Species in Kolli Hills * Farm level variability exist based on land terrain, Soil, Farmers preferences

Gender Role in Millet Farming and Processing

Activities of Millet Cultivation Decision Making (%) Work Participation (%) Men Women Both Men Women Both

• 1. Selection of crop for cultivation

44.16 27.27 28.57 36.51 19.05 44.44

• 2. Selection of variety (seed)

45.95 35.14 18.92 42.86 30.16 26.98

• 3. If seed is purchased, who decides & do

49.33 34.67 16.00 43.94 25.76 30.30

• 4. Field cleaning

31.58 32.89 35.53 17.81 31.51 50.68

• 5. Land preparation (ploughing or digging)

65.79 14.47 19.74 54.67 16.00 29.33

• 6. Transport & application of manure

54.93 18.31 26.76 42.86 18.57 38.57

• 7. Seed treatment

36.84 42.11 21.05 47.37 42.11 10.53

• 8. Sowing seeds (broadcast/row planting)

45.45 27.27 27.27 44.00 24.00 32.00

• 9. Chemical fertilizer application

55.36 25.00 19.64 51.79 25.00 23.21

• 10. Hand weeding

10.00 58.55 30.00 11.59 62.32 27.54

• 11. Interculture/mechanical weeding

11.36 70.45 18.18 4.55 70.45 25.00

• 12. Plant protection measures

21.92 27.40 50.68 16.44 30.14 53.42

• 13. Watching from crop damage

16.44 28.77 54.79 24.66 24.66 50.68

• 14. Harvesting main crop

11.84 39.47 48.68 6.76 45.95 47.30 Activities of Post Harvest processing, Storage and Market

• 15. Threshing & cleaning

9.33 50.67 40.00 5.48 52.05 42.47

• 16. Cleaning & drying grain

5.33 58.67 36.00 6.85 60.27 32.88

• 17. Transporting the grain

26.76 30.99 42.25 18.31 35.21 46.48

• 18. Drying grain e.g seed/consumption/marketing 11.76

51.47 36.76 8.96 52.24 38.81

• 19. Storage of grain

11.86 47.46 40.68 8.96 56.72 34.33

• 20. Seed selection and storage

21.31 31.15 47.54 18.33 30.00 51.67

• 21. Marketing of grain/fodder

22.81 28.07 49.12 25.00 25.00 50.00

• 22. Receiving & handling the money

10.77 50.77 38.46 12.31 47.69 40.00

• 23. Marketing of grain/fodder

41.18 26.47 32.35 38.24 29.41 32.35

• 24. Receiving & handling the money

32.50 37.50 30.00 30.00 40.00 30.00

MSSRF NUS Survey/FGD 2012‐2013

Manual Pounding

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Manual Mechanical 131.52 4.6

Duration in Minutes

Dehusking mill Post harvest processing machineries for Little and Foxtail Millets

Double Hopper and Single Sheller 82‐85% Perfura CIAE model of Stone Machine 77‐82% Husker and Polisher 65% Dehusker with Hopper 68‐70% Mc gill Rubber Sheller 90 %

Value Added Products Finger Millet Malt (Ragi Malt) Thinai Payasa Mix Thinai Laddu Samai Bajji Mix Samai Uppuma Mix Samai Rava Dosa Mix Little Millet rice Italian Millet rice Finger Millet Flour

LITTLE MILLET ITALIAN MILLET

BAKED COOKIES

BUNS FRIEMS

DIABETIC MIX

Baked, Puffed & Fried….. Neutraceuti cal Mixes

KOLLI HILLS NATURAL FOODS

Millet Value Chain Development

Producer – Procurer ‐ processor – Value adder – Distributor ‐ Consumer

Quantity of different form of millets Marketed 2001 ‐ 2015

Linkages of products to Health foods shops and organic outlets

Kolli Hills Natural Food Shop Managed by the KHABCOFED Collectives of the Members of the federation Function as a Hub in the supply chain of the Kolli Hills products

Year Whole Grain (Kg) Little and Italian Millet Rava and Flour (Kg) Value Added Products (Kg) Gross Returns (Rs) 2001-2002 9000 1200 62,000 2002-2003 2662 70,068 2003-2004 1365 25,524 2004-2005 3138 71,500 2005-2006 2255 1110 1,16,098 2006-2007 1062 240 50,598 2007-2008 1770 414.45 73,694 2008-2009 2672 831 1,29,639 2009-2010 1465 1061 1,25,853 2010-2011 681 984 1,32,893 2011-2012 1373 1119.75 2,42,422 2012-2013 3658 1660.2 4,20,054 2013-2014 5486.5 1497.85 5,49,908 2014-2015 5227.5 1405.35 5,50,201 Total 9000 34015 10323.6 26,20,452

Kolli Hills (3) Thiruppathur (1) Chennai (2) Namakkal (3) Erode (1) Salem (4) Thiruppur (1) Karur (1) Coimbatore (2) Viluppuram (1) Madurai (1) Mayiladudhurai (1) Tanjavur (2) Kumbakonam(1) Paramathi Velur (1) Dindigul (1) Vellakovil (1) Thiruchengode (1) Karaikkal (1)

Sales Deed Partnership Deed TIN Cert Sales Tax Cert. SSI Cert. Dhan Settlement

• Creating Common Property
• Partnership deed in SHG
• MOU with the Block development

Office

• Tax Payer’s Identification Number

certificate (TIN)

• Sales Tax Certificate (CTC)
• Small Scale industry certificate (SSI)
• Tamil Nadu Food Safety and Drug

Administration Certificate

Community Based Asset building

FSSAI

Promoting Nutritional literacy with traditional crops

Campaigning for Millets

Self Help Groups School exhibitions Linking with markets Street play in villages Traditional food mela Exhibitions International Fora

Mass campaign for

inculcating importance of millets in Conservation, Cultivation, Nutrition, Value addition, Consumption and linking with Markets

Folk Theatre Road Show Exhibitions at Various Fora Rural Markets

Awareness‐ raising and marketing campaigns, have increased the use of millets among users

Engaging Youth, Panchayat Raj Institutions, State departments

Stakeholder, Policy makers, Scientists, Administrators

Governance Structure Assets of KHABCOFED

• Total
• f

109 Groups (16 Men, 30 Women, 1 Mixed , 62 Farmers clubs

• Membership of 985 Males and 526

Females

• Millet producers, Custodian Farmers,

Organic producers,Traditional Knowledge holder, Folk Artists,Healers and Entrepreneurs

• Managing

9 Pulversing mills,3 Dehsuking and Flour mill

• Organic

produce collection centres and Community based Value addition units each at three locations

• Village Millet resource Centres at 16

location

• Managing

Internal control systems farms under organic farming

• Community based natural food shops

at 2 locations

• Total

Financial turnover is 75, 29, 913INR

Collective Action and Governance

Emerging dimensions in Small Millet Chain

Millet supply/ Value chain pattern

• Farmers Local procurers Organic shops

Millet Store, Re Store, Allmaa 100, Valam, Bio Organic

• Own Farm Organic shops

Jay CEE Greens, Amirtham, F5 Stores

• Own farm Packed Products Own shop Commission Agencies

Other Shops Eco Care

• Origin diversified source Organic shops Consumers

Many Products and Whole Grain

• Own Farm whole sale vendor

Sriramulu, Jawadi hills

• Farmers Local procurers Commission Agency Whole Sale

shops provision Stores Dept stores

Push cart vendors Wet Flour Vendors Restaurant Organic Shop Whole Sale Star type Hotel Pearl millet Finger millet Finger millet Finger millet Finger millet Finger millet Shurghum Pearl millet Pearl millet Pearl millet Italian Millet Finger miller Barnyard millet Barnyard millet Barnyard millet Italian Millet Italian Millet Italian Millet Kodo millet Kodo millet Kodo millet Sorghum Sorghum Sorghum Middle and Lower middle class Families Middle and Lower middle class Middle and Upper middle class Upper middle class and Elite Dealers and Local Vendors, Agencies, Commission Agents Elite

Millets species, Market Domains and Consumers

Brands and Certification in Millets

• Ecocare, 24 Manthra,Mayoora,Sai

foods,Little Millets,Jawadi Hills, Pristine, Pro‐nature, Nature land, Kavalam

• Whole grain, Processed food, Labelled

products

• IMO, USDA, EU, ECOCERT, PGS
• Food Safety and Standards Authority of

India (FSSAI)

• Committee of organic foods, Tamil Nadu
• Average INR 60‐70/500 gms

Branded millet foods ‐ Almaa100 – Selaiyur‐ Chennai

Branded Foods – Ecocare, 24 Manthra, Mayoora, Vriksha, Terra Locally made products Sweets and Biscuts – Dealers mixing with other flour Maida, Wheat, Rice flour

Whole Grains ‐ reSTORE‐kottivakkam ‐ chennai

• Only organic millets and Whole grains
• nly
• Direct procurement from Farmers
• Keeps Less profit margin
• Awareness about millets – Use Media

support

• Organise workshops
• Connected with – “Millets Store” – a

non profit organisation

• South Indian recipes – Dosa,

Ponagal, Briyani, Boiled items – Puttu, Rotti, Koozh, Khazhi, Soup

• Served as combo and sole food
• Source of millets is from their own

farms and organic shops

• Awareness materials are provided

in the Restaurants ‐ Know your traditional food , Expressing health benefits like controlling blood pressure, cholesterol and

• ther health problems
• Consumers Profile – Those

suggested by Physicians, keen on

• rganic foods, Explorers
• Price of the food varies – Most not

affordable by common

Millets in Restaurants

WHOLESALE DEALERS – Products and whole Grain

Sri ramulu, kothwal chavadi

Godown of the shop Whole sale pack

• Source from the southern parts of

Tamil Nadu, Eastern hill stations and from Karnataka.

• Bulk purchase and transfer to dealers

in Koyambedu, Paris ‐ Kottaval Chavadi, Tambaram

• Supply millets to Commission agents

and subdealers and mini markets

• Deal with agents in Bangalore, Nasik,

Lucknow

Dedicated space for Food Grains Market

Diversity in wholesale market

Sanaullah, kothwal chavadi

Agriculture Engineering, Centre of Excellence for Small Millets, GKVK, Bangalore

• This is only centre in India exclusively for millet processing sponsored

by INSIMP programme

• Ragi pearling machine (Rs. 65,000) Ragi pulveriser (Rs. 95,000)

manufactured by VEE THREE SERVICE Enterprises, Bangalore

• Ragi pulveriser small (Rs. 35,000)
• Table top ragi pulveriser (Rs. 71,000)
• Uruli roaster manufactured by Gayathri Entreprises, Chennai
• Ribbon blender for (value addition)
• Packaging machine (Rs. 4 lakhs) manufactured by Century systems,

Bangalore

• Powder making machine (Rs. 4.5 lakhs)
• Sealing machine (Rs. 17,000)
• Flaking machine (making machine) manufactured in Mysore
• This centre is conducting training on value addition

Millet Inclusion in Tamil Nadu PDS !

• Tamil Nadu‐ Lamps – Large Scale Multipurpose

Society – District Consumer Cooperative Whole sale Shop Limited – Retail Shops at District level

• Finger millet, Italian millet, Little millets, Pearl millet

are available ‐ Rate INR 60‐70/ kg

• No procurement policy yet in Tamil Nadu for PDS
• Comprehensive Assessment on current Production –

Availability

• Minimum Support Price for millet – Farmers Welfare
• Enabling subsidy policy – consumer Welfare
• Purchase arrangement with processing mills –

Working through FPOs

• Channelling through PDS supply chain
• Most of the Ragi produced in Krishnagiri district of

Tamil Nadu has been producred by Karnataka state last year

• Most of the Little millets produced in Dharmapuri

district of has gone to Nasik and Theni for Processing and not consumed locally Little millets Pack

Millets and PDS in Karnataka

• Government of Karnataka has fixed Minimum support

price for Ragi as Rs. 2100/Quintal

• Ragi supplied through PDS in southern part of Karnataka

and Sorghum supplied through PDS in Northern part of Karnataka

• Currently Ragi and Sorghum in PDS is only for BPL

families but there is raising demand from all families

• Constraints faced by the state for continuous supply
• There is high demand from Rich people of metro city like

Bangalore and they are very much interest on getting millets through anyway (either PDS of private market)

• Besides, Noon meal scheme in Karnataka is promoting

finger millets based foods (Ragi motha) from primary school to High school (1st standard to 10th standard)

Broader Framework used in Ground Appraisal

Production Domain Procurement Domain Processing Domain Value Added Product Production and Maketing Domain Seed Source Land Selection and Preparation Seed Sowing Millet Cropping Post Harvest Millet Consumption Need Assessment Millet Collection Millet Storage Transporting Millet Sales Financial transaction Need Assessment Millet Purchase Mill Operation Financial transaction Millet Sales Need Assessment training Current Status Financial transaction Learning, issues Requirements and Market

• pportunities

Need Assessment

Key Informants : Farmers, Producer Organisation, NGOs representatives, State

• fficials, Consumers, Policy Makers, Research and Development Agencies and

literature

Conservation

• Quality seeds of millets are not available in many location and

they depend on mundys.

• Farmers are not able to protect seeds properly since they are

attacked by rats and pests and no private and public storage systems functional.

Processing

• Households face difficulties with regard to manual

processing of millets.

• There is a severe loss of knowledge among women about

culinary preparations using millets.

Cultivation

Farmers have alternative short duration crops like Tapioca, groundnut, gingelly, horsegram and coriander The need for raising millets crops is low in the light of subsidised food available through PDS. The labour demand for millet cultivation is high. The cost of cultivation of millets is high and economic returns from the crop are low and not equitable to farmers There is a dearth of cattle which is making cultivation of millets difficult from the point of view of draught animal power and dung. There is a severe wildlife ‐ agriculture conflict in the region due to the presence of wild boars and birds and increased pest attacks

Opportunities:

• Quality seed production and timely supply of new

varieties based on local choice

• Financial assistance and crop loans need to be

extended for promoting cultivation of millets.

• Insurance support for millet crops.
• There is a felt need for establishing local level

small and medium type processing units to enable increased consumption.

• Farmer producers companies and Public and

Private supply channels linking to food systems

Thank You