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MANZ AG

CIGS Turnkey Production Line; The perfect model for creating value locally

B.Sc. Civil Eng. Mohamed Alammawi

Dubai / UAE, 27th September 2017

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HISTORY / TECHNOLOGY

MANZ AG

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PV TECHNOLOGY – SOLAR

PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGY CIGS TFS cSi

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WHY THIN FILM

PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGY

Process chain CIGS Module Process chain cSi

Source: Natureo Finance

 Crystalline solar needs much more production steps and a large supply chain.  All production steps for CIGS modules can be covered in one plant  all-in-one fab Glass in –Module out  To be competitive with crystalline solar an investment of at least 1 billion Euro is needed only for silicon (raw material) production.  With the same investment a CIGSfab would produce 10 million CIGS modules per year  With CIGS a local content of more than 70% is easily possible

Much shorter process chain Thin film much more suitable for local manufacturing Thin film much more suitable for large scale manufacturing

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WHAT IS CIGS? – THE LEADING THINFILM TECHNOLOGY

PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGY

n+-TCO: ZnO:Al 1 µm CIGS p-type Absorber: Cu(In,Ga)Se2 2 µm Back contact: Mo 400 nm Molybdenum Substrate: Float glass 3 mm Front Glass Encapsulate (Lamination) 700 µm

Sunlight

ZnO 50 nm CdS 50 nm n-type Buffers

Substrate configuration Device structure

photo-generation & separation

CIGS stands for the power generating semiconductor material consisting of: Copper, Indium, Gallium, and diSelenide.

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THIN FILM PHOTO VOLTAIC STRUCTURE: CU(IN,GA)SE2

PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGY

Power is generated in a very thin absorber layer (90 times thinner than the layer in a cSi module)

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CIGSFAB: MANUFACTURING LINE

MANZ CIGSFAB WHAT IS THE CIGSfab? The CIGSfab is a fully integrated, turnkey production line for CIGS thin film modules. In the CIGSfab, a solar module is manufactured starting from a normal glass panel in a fully integrated and automated production process.

Advanced technology and equipment

Standard CIGS Module

Video Clip: https://youtu.be/E1FlxoUlAFo 0.72 m2

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BUSINESS CASE: OPEX STRUCTURE

CIGSFAB

Depreciation Man Power Variable Cost BOM Facility & Maintenance

6% 70% 27% OPEX below 0.37 €/Wp 88% 12% Variable <0.25 €/Wp

CIGSfab7: 153 MW Production Line

 Module production cost: <0.37 €/W  Variable cost: ~ 0.25 €/Wp  Driver is BOM cost  Absorber material in one CIGS module:

• Copper ~ 1,4g / Gallium ~ 0,7g / Indium ~

2,2g / Selenium ~ 4,4g  Local content: > 70% of variable cost:

• Glass, JB, CIGS material, lamination foil,

sputter targets, electrical power

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POSITIVE SIDE EFFECT: PV AS JOB ENGINE

CIGSFAB

 PV Industry creates new jobs in domestic employment market  220 direct jobs are created at a fab of 153MW  Additional > 1000 new jobs in indirect participating branches  Know-How transfer into the Country  High local content; With CIGS a local content of more than 70% is easily possible  Sustainable access to renewable energy  Resource saving power generation Handcraft, Service Machine Building Diverse Branches (Installers, System Components) PV Production (Replacements, Expansions)

2 3 4

direct indirect

levelized Relative Units

5 6 1

Source: Own evaluation based on study of Fraunhofer ISE

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BUSINESS MODEL

INVESTOR VALUE INVESTOR VALUE: $ With an IRR of > 15 % (Internal Rate of Return), the Manz CIGSfab is currently one of the most profitable investment opportunities in the energy market. $ Attractive IRR: between 15 % - 25 % in PV energy generation $ Competitive LCoE $ Low OPEX (Operational Expenditure)

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TEST SITE SUZHOU / CHINA: ENERGY YIELD

CIGS MODULE FIELD PERFORMANCE  CIGS monitoring system energy yield exceeds c-Si reference

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 kWh/kWp

CIGS c-Si

Location: Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China (Latitude: 31° 19´ N / Longitude: 120° 36´ E) Orientation: East and West; Slope: 3°

• Monitoring start: 2015/08/01
• Modules: Manz CIGS / Capacity: 1.245 MWp (13850 modules)
• Inverter: 2x Kaco XP550 (550kW)
• Monitoring: Kaco

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TEST SITE MUGLA / TURKEY: ENERGY YIELD

CIGS MODULE FIELD PERFORMANCE

Location: Mugla, Turkey (Latitude: 37° 13´ N / Longitude: 28° 22´ E) Height: 660m; above sea level; Orientation: South; Slope: 30°

• Start-up: 2013/09/11
• Modules: 20 modules Manz M-GES101E090 (4 strings) / Capacity: 1.8 kWp
• Inverter: SMA Sunny Boy SB2000HF
• Monitoring: SMA Sunny Portal, Sunny Sensorbox/WebBox

 10% higher energy yield for CIGS versus c-Si

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Nov-13 Dec-13 Jan-14 Feb-14 Mar-14 Apr-14 May-14 Jun-14 Jul-14 Aug-14 Sep-14 Oct-14 Nov-14 Dec-14 Jan-15 Feb-15 Mar-15 Apr-15 May-15 Jun-15 Jul-15 Aug-15 Sep-15 Oct-15 Nov-15 Dec-15 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16 May-16 Jun-16 Jul-16 Aug-16 Sep-16 Oct-16 Nov-16 Dec-16 Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Energy Yield (kWh/kWp)

CIGS (Manz) bc-Si m-Si

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TEST SITE DAMMAM / SAUDI ARABIA: ENERGY YIELD

CIGS MODULE FIELD PERFORMANCE  +8%/+15% higher energy yield for Manz CIGS systems compared to thin-film silicon (cleaned and not cleaned systems, respectively)

Location: Dammam, Saudi Arabia (Latitude: 26° 25´ N / Longitude: 50° 07´ E)

• Monitoring start: Oct 2013
• Modules: Manz CIGS / Capacity:

2x 2.7 kWp

• Inverter: SMA

SB2500/3000HFUS

• Monitoring: SMA

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TEST SITE RIYADH / SAUDI ARABIA: ENERGY YIELD

CIGS MODULE FIELD PERFORMANCE

CIGS Manz c-Si Location: Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Latitude: 24° 38´ N / Longitude: 46° 43´ E) Orientation: East - North East (60°); Slope: 7°

• Monitoring start: 2013/11/25
• Modules: Manz CIGS / Capacity: 7.88 kWp
• Inverter: Kaco Powador 9600
• Monitoring: Kaco

 significantly higher energy yield for Manz CIGS compared to c-Si  possibly higher impact of soiling by sandstorms for c-Si systems

*off-grid times in Q2/2014 during electrical re-configuration,

• ff-grid since May2016

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TEST SITE RIYADH / SAUDI ARABIA: DUST ACCUMULATION

CIGS MODULE FIELD PERFORMANCE  possibly higher impact of soiling by sandstorms for c-Si systems due to shading effect:  CIGS module power reduced by shading fraction  c-Si module power reduced to „zero“ in worst case

CIGS c-Si

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 Better thermal coefficient

with less losses at high temperatures

 Significantly higher

energy yield modules are desired

 Wider acceptance angle  More sensitive to longer

wavelength

 Possibly higher impact of

soiling by sandstorms

 Less shading and dust

sensitivity

 Best for building

integration

ADAPTIONS FOR LOCAL CLIMATE: AREA(S) OF OPTIMAL USE

KEY ADVANTAGES Outstanding Temperature Coefficient. Even in blazing sunshine, the lower temperature coefficient of CIGS solar panels proves higher power yield

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EXAMPLE: LAND SCAPE ENTGRATEND

CIGS MODULE FIELD APPLICATION

Ground Mounted System: 1 MW installation in Kunming

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EXAMPLE: WORLD JEWELRY CENTER, MILAN, ITALY

CIGS MODULE FIELD APPLICATION

Curtain Wall, East- and Westside

• 1,077 pieces CIGS modules
• 80.7 kWp
• Dimensions: 1,200x600 mm
• In cooperation with TOSONI, FAR Systems
• Completion: August 2008

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EXAMPLE: SOUTH RAILWAY STATION, BEIJING CHINA

CIGS MODULE FIELD APPLICATION

Roof-Integrated system

• World´s largest CIGS building integrated PV System
• 5.200 CIGS modules  435 kWp
• Fields with 2 or 3 modules
• In cooperation mit Ruihua Construction Corporation (RHC)
• Completion: August 2008

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FLEXIBILITY: SCREEN PRINTING / SEMI-TRANSPARENCY

CIGS MODULE FIELD APPLICATION 40% Printing rate 30% Stripe Design INDIVIDUAL CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS

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VALUE ADDING ON MULTIPLE LEVELS

MANZ CIGSFAB  IP & Technology

 License to use patents of ZSW and Manz to manufacture CIGS on glass  Know-how and IP to run a stable process in 24/7 with highest yield and efficiency

 Education & Training

 Implementation of continuous education and staff training program on all different levels  Hands-on training for engineers and operators

 Service

 Ramp-up support, after-sales service  Extended technology upgrade packages

 Equipment

 Process unit equipment: automation, vacuum systems, wet chemistry system, scribing systems, backend systems and software  Installation and ramp of this equipment  Most efficient manufacturing equipment built to highest German engineering standards With its CIGSfab, Manz is the world’s only provider of a fully integrated, turnkey production line for manufacturing CIGS thin-film solar modules.

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THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

CONTACT

MANZ AG www.manz.com STEIGAECKERSTRASSE 5 info@manz.com 72768 REUTLINGEN PHONE +49 (0)7121/90 00-0 GERMANY FAX +49 (0)7121/90 00-99

T H A N K S

CONTACT

MANZ AG