Little Things Matter The Impact of Toxins on the Developing Brain - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
little things matter
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Little Things Matter The Impact of Toxins on the Developing Brain - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 09, 2022 270 likes •670 views

Little Things Matter The Impact of Toxins on the Developing Brain Bruce Lanphear, MD, MPH Child & Family Research Institute, BC Childrens Hospital Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University Childrens Centers Annual

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Little Things Matter

The Impact of Toxins on the Developing Brain

Bruce Lanphear, MD, MPH Child & Family Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University Children’s Centers’ Annual Meeting, October 31, 2015

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Brain-based Disorders in Children

Prevalence

Merikangas KR, He JP , Brody D, et al. Prevalence and treatment of mental disorders among US children in the 2001-2004 NHANES. Pediatrics 2010;125:75-81. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders, United States, 2008. MMWR Surveill Summ 2012; 61:1-19. Boyle CA, Boulet S, Schieve LA, et al. Trends in the prevalence of developmental disabilities in US children, 1997-2008. Pediatrics 2011;127:1034-1042.

slide-3
SLIDE 3

The Rise of Autism

Weintraub K. Nature 2011;479:22-24.

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Factors that Impact Brain Development

  • Sex
  • Nutrition
  • Preterm Birth
  • Social Stressors
  • Built Environment
  • Maternal Depression
  • Genetic Susceptibility
  • Preschool Attendance
  • Environmental Toxins
slide-5
SLIDE 5
slide-6
SLIDE 6

Genes Environment

$1billion

$40 million

Weintraub K. Nature 2011;479:22-24.

US Expenditures

  • n Autism

Research

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Genes Environment

Genes or Environment?

slide-8
SLIDE 8

Genes or Environment?

Genes and Environment

Retts Syndrome Autism ADHD Depression TBI

Genes Environment

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Genes or Environment?

Genes and Environment

Retts Syndrome Autism ADHD Depression TBI

Genes Environment

COMPLEX

slide-10
SLIDE 10

“ If causes can be removed, then susceptibility ceases to matter. Geoffrey Rose, MD

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Environmental Disasters

slide-12
SLIDE 12

… are just the tip of the iceberg

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Vulnerability of the Developing Brain

  • The blood brain barrier isn’t fully formed; it is more

permeable to toxins

  • Rapidly growing cells are often more vulnerable to

toxins than slowly growing cells

  • Brain growth occurs over a longer duration than
  • ther organs
  • The fetus and child may lack enzymes to detoxify

contaminants

  • Young children often more heavily exposed to

contaminants than older children and adults

slide-14
SLIDE 14
slide-15
SLIDE 15
slide-16
SLIDE 16

Pope CA, et al. Circulation. 2009;120:941-948. (IHD=gray, CVD=dark gray and CPD=black)

Cardiovascular Disease Mortality by Cigarette Smoke (PM2.5)

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Benzene and Leukemia

Vlaanderen J, et al. Env Health Perspect 2010;118:526-532.

slide-18
SLIDE 18

England, L. J. et al. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2001 153:954-960; doi:10.1093/aje/153.10.954

Tobacco Exposure and Birthweight

slide-19
SLIDE 19
slide-20
SLIDE 20
  • Mackay DF, et al. PLoS Medicine 2012: e1001175. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001175
slide-21
SLIDE 21

Impact of Lead on PTB

OR=1.9

Taylor CM, et al. BJOG 2014; DOI 10.1111/1471-0528.12756

slide-22
SLIDE 22
slide-23
SLIDE 23
slide-24
SLIDE 24

The Prevention Paradox

The majority of disease and disability occurs in those who are at low to moderate risk

slide-25
SLIDE 25

The Prevention Paradox

slide-26
SLIDE 26

High Risk

Low-Risk

slide-27
SLIDE 27

Gould E. EHP 2009;117:1162-1167.

$1= $17 to $220

slide-28
SLIDE 28

What is the cost- benefit ratio for childhood vaccines?

slide-29
SLIDE 29

Zhou F, et al. APAM EHP 2005;159:1136-1144.

$1= $16.5

slide-30
SLIDE 30

Environmental Clinical

$46%

16%

Cost Saving Preventive Interventions

Chokshi DA, et al. NEJM 2012;367:295-297.

Non-clinical person-directed

13%

slide-31
SLIDE 31
slide-32
SLIDE 32

Time to Give Prevention a Chance?

slide-33
SLIDE 33

Lessons from the FDA

slide-34
SLIDE 34
slide-35
SLIDE 35

If we didn’t evolve with it …

avoid it.

slide-36
SLIDE 36

How to Avoid Exposures to Toxins

  • Eat fresh, organic and unpackaged foods; avoid

canned foods

  • Minimize use of pesticides around the home
  • Avoid cosmetics, fingernail polish and lotions
  • Support bans on smoking in public places and

cosmetic pesticides

  • Support efforts to update chemical management

policies and reduce industrial pollutants

slide-37
SLIDE 37

Organic to Conventional Yield Ratios

Seufert V, et al. Nature 2012:485:229.

slide-38
SLIDE 38

“We can’t live in a state of perpetual doubt, so we make up the best story possible and we live as if the story were true.”

Daniel Kahneman