Lipid Metabolism Lipid nomenclature Oxidation of Fatty acids - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Lipid Metabolism Lipid nomenclature Oxidation of Fatty acids - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 12, 2023 576 likes •763 views

Lipid Metabolism Lipid nomenclature Oxidation of Fatty acids -oxidation Ketone Bodies Lipid nomenclature Fatty acids triacylglycerols: know structure phospholipids waxes sphingolipids

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SLIDE 1

Lipid Metabolism

  • Lipid nomenclature
  • Oxidation of Fatty

acids

  • β-oxidation
  • Ketone Bodies
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SLIDE 2

Lipid nomenclature

  • Fatty acids
  • triacylglycerols: know structure
  • phospholipids
  • waxes
  • sphingolipids
  • Glycosphingolipids
  • Isoprenoids
  • Steriods
  • Nomenclature
  • saturated: palmitate, stearate,

no double bonds

  • unsaturated: palmitoleate,

Oleate: double bond at cis 9 position

  • polyunsaturated
  • Melting points: saturated vs

unsaturated

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SLIDE 3

Oxidation of Fatty acids

  • Know equation for palmitate:

C16H32O + O2 ---> CO2 + H2O

  • Comparison of glucose with

palmitate for ATP production and energy yield

  • Mobilization of

Triacylglycerols from adipose tissue

– hormonal control: glucagon, epinephrine – lipases – transport by lipoproteins – fate of glycerol

  • transport into cytoplasm of

cell

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SLIDE 4

Digestion of lipid in diet

  • Triacylglycerols from diet
  • broken down in small intestine
  • lipases
  • bile salts
  • transport to adipose tissue
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SLIDE 5

Mobilization of Triacylglycerols

– hormonal control of lipolysis: glucagon, epinephrine – lipases – transport by lipoproteins – transport into cytoplasm of cell – Insulin inhibits lipolysis

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SLIDE 6

Breakdown of triacylglycerides

fate of glycerol

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SLIDE 7

β-oxidation

  • occurs in

mitochondria

  • uses FAD and NAD
  • produces acetyl CoA
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SLIDE 8

acyl CoA synthetase

  • two step reaction
  • ATP + FA ---> AMP-FA
  • AMP-FA + CoASH ------> FA-CoA + AMP
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SLIDE 9

Transport into mitochondria

  • Carnitine shuttle
  • CAT I/II
  • Translocase reaction
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SLIDE 10

β-oxidation

  • Acyl CoA

dehydrogenase

  • enoyl-CoA hydratase
  • L-hydroxyacyl

dehydrogenase

  • ketoacyl-CoA thiolase
  • Repeat steps
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SLIDE 11

Summary of Reactions

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SLIDE 12

Energy production

  • NADH and FADH

from B-oxidation

  • TCA cycle from acetyl

CoA

  • Total net yield is

minus 2 ATP from activation

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SLIDE 13

Oxidation of Unsaturated Fatty acids

  • New enzymes
  • enoyl CoA isomerase
  • 2,4 dienoyl-CoA

reductase

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SLIDE 14

Unsaturated Fatty acids

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SLIDE 15

Oxidation of odd chain fatty acids

  • form propionyl CoA
  • produce succinyl CoA
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SLIDE 16

Ketone Bodies

  • Acetoacetate
  • Acetone
  • B-hyroxybutyrate
  • HMG CoA synthase
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SLIDE 17

Ketone bodies and diabetes