SLIDE 1 Respiratory System 1 “Life is known only by those who have found a way to be comfortable with change and the
- unknown. Given the nature of life, there may be no
security, but only adventure.”
SLIDE 2
Lesson Plan: Respiratory System 1
5 minutes: Breath of Arrival and Attendance 10 minutes: Latissimus dorsi and Teres major 40 minutes: Respiratory System 1
SLIDE 3 Classroom Rules
Punctuality- everybody's time is precious:
- Be ready to learn by the start of class, we'll have you out of here on time
- Tardiness: arriving late, late return after breaks, leaving early
The following are not allowed:
- Bare feet
- Side talking
- Lying down
- Inappropriate clothing
- Food or drink except water
- Phones in classrooms, clinic or bathrooms
You will receive one verbal warning, then you'll have to leave the room.
SLIDE 4
Teres major and Latissimus dorsi
SLIDE 5
Teres major and Latissimus dorsi
SLIDE 6 Latissimus dorsi
Origin:
Spinous processes of last 6
thoracic vertebrae
Last 3-4 ribs Thoracolumbar aponeurosis Iliac crest
Insertion:
Crest of the lesser tubercle
Actions:
Shoulder extension Shoulder medial rotation Shoulder adduction
SLIDE 7 Latissimus dorsi
Origin:
Spinous processes of last 6
thoracic vertebrae
Last 3-4 ribs Thoracolumbar aponeurosis Iliac crest
Insertion:
Crest of the lesser tubercle
Actions:
Shoulder extension Shoulder medial rotation Shoulder adduction
SLIDE 8 Latissimus dorsi
Origin:
Spinous processes of last 6
thoracic vertebrae
Last 3-4 ribs Thoracolumbar aponeurosis Iliac crest
Insertion:
Crest of the lesser tubercle
Actions:
Shoulder extension Shoulder medial rotation Shoulder adduction
SLIDE 9 Teres Major
Origin:
- Lower axillary border and inferior
angle of scapula Insertion:
- Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus
Action:
- Extension of humerus
- Adduction of humerus
- Medial rotation of humerus
SLIDE 10 Teres Major
Origin:
- Lower axillary border and inferior
angle of scapula Insertion:
- Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus
Action:
- Extension of humerus
- Adduction of humerus
- Medial rotation of humerus
SLIDE 11 Teres Major
Origin:
- Lower axillary border and inferior
angle of scapula Insertion:
- Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus
Action:
- Extension of humerus
- Adduction of humerus
- Medial rotation of humerus
SLIDE 12
Introduction
SLIDE 13
Introduction
Respiration (AKA: breathing) Movement of air into and out of the lungs . Breathing is the most easily observable of the body's vital signs.
SLIDE 14
Introduction
The respiratory and cardiovascular systems work together to provide oxygen to the tissues and remove metabolic wastes including carbon dioxide. Failure of either system results in disruption of homeostasis and rapid cell death from oxygen deprivation.
SLIDE 15
Introduction
Breathing is used in the expression of emotions such as laughing, crying, bursts of anger and frustration, fear and anxiety, and sighs of relief.
SLIDE 16
Anatomy
Upper respiratory tract Lower respiratory tract Diaphragm Sinuses
SLIDE 17 Anatomy
Upper respiratory tract:
- Nose and nasal cavity
- Pharynx
- Larynx
SLIDE 18 Anatomy
Lower respiratory tract:
- Trachea
- Bronchi and bronchioles
- Alveolar ducts and alveoli
- Lungs
SLIDE 19
Anatomy
Diaphragm
SLIDE 20
Anatomy
Sinuses
SLIDE 21
Physiology
Exchange gases Olfaction Sound production Maintenance of homeostasis
SLIDE 22
Physiology
Exchange gases Oxygen and CO2 exchange occurs through the capillary walls in the lungs and in the systemic circulation.
SLIDE 23 Physiology
Olfaction The sense of smell . During inhalation, scent molecules are forced against ends of the olfactory nerves which connect to the
- lfactory bulb. The nerve impulse is then carried to the cortex for interpretation.
SLIDE 24
Physiology
Sound production Air moving over the vocal cords combined with movements of the lips, facial muscles, and tongue forms words and produces speech.
SLIDE 25
Physiology
Maintenance of homeostasis Maintains oxygen levels in the blood . Eliminates wastes (carbon dioxide, heat). Regulates blood pH.
SLIDE 26
Upper Respiratory Tract
SLIDE 27 Upper Respiratory Tract
- A. Nose
- B. Nasal cavity
- C. Oral cavity
- D. Pharynx
- E. Epiglottis
- F. Larynx
A B C D E F
SLIDE 28
Upper Respiratory Tract
Nose Port of entry for air and the beginning of the air conduction pathway. Nasal hair Traps particles and foreign matter as air flows through the nose.
SLIDE 29
Upper Respiratory Tract
Nasal cavity Cavity just behind the nose where air is warmed by superficial blood vessels and moistened by mucosal secretions.
SLIDE 30 Upper Respiratory Tract
Cilia Tiny hair-like projections of the mucosae that trap foreign particles and transport them down the throat where they are either swallowed or coughed
SLIDE 31
Upper Respiratory Tract
Sinuses (paranasal sinuses) Air-filled cavities in the skull that lighten , . the head and act as resonance chambers for sound. Types: frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal, and maxillary.
SLIDE 32
Upper Respiratory Tract
Pharynx (throat) Muscular tube shared by the respiratory and digestive systems. Contains tonsils and openings to the Eustachian tubes.
SLIDE 33
Upper Respiratory Tract
Eustachian tube Tube between the pharynx and middle ear that helps equalize pressure in the head, nose, and pharynx.
SLIDE 34
Upper Respiratory Tract
Tonsils Group of lymph tissues embedded in the oral cavity and pharynx.
SLIDE 35
Upper Respiratory Tract
Larynx (voice box) Connects the pharynx to the trachea . Houses the vocal cords where sound is produced when air passes over them.
SLIDE 36
Upper Respiratory Tract
Epiglottis Cartilage in the larynx that closes the trachea during swallowing to prevent food and water from entering the lower respiratory tract.
SLIDE 37
A B C D E F
SLIDE 38 Upper Respiratory Tract
- A. Nose
- B. Nasal cavity
- C. Oral cavity
- D. Pharynx
- E. Epiglottis
- F. Larynx
A B C D E F
SLIDE 39 Respiratory System 1 “Life is known only by those who have found a way to be comfortable with change and the
- unknown. Given the nature of life, there may be no
security, but only adventure.”
SLIDE 40 Respiratory System 2 “Life is known only by those who have found a way to be comfortable with change and the
- unknown. Given the nature of life, there may be no
security, but only adventure.”
SLIDE 41
Lesson Plan: Respiratory System 2
5 minutes: Breath of Arrival and Attendance 50 minutes: Respiratory System 2
SLIDE 42 Classroom Rules
Punctuality- everybody's time is precious:
- Be ready to learn by the start of class, we'll have you out of here on time
- Tardiness: arriving late, late return after breaks, leaving early
The following are not allowed:
- Bare feet
- Side talking
- Lying down
- Inappropriate clothing
- Food or drink except water
- Phones in classrooms, clinic or bathrooms
You will receive one verbal warning, then you'll have to leave the room.
SLIDE 43
Lower Respiratory Tract
SLIDE 44 Bronchi Trachea Alveoli Bronchioles Diaphragm
Lower Respiratory Tract
Trachea (windpipe) Bronchi (primary) Lungs:
- Secondary bronchi
- Tertiary bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Alveolar ducts
- Alveoli
Diaphragm
SLIDE 45
Lower Respiratory Tract
Trachea (windpipe) Tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi .
SLIDE 46
Lower Respiratory Tract
Bronchi (primary) Large air conduction passageways from the trachea to each lung .
SLIDE 47
Lower Respiratory Tract
Lungs Primary organs of respiration; extends from the diaphragm to just above the clavicles. Right lungs has 3 lobes. Left lung has 2 lobes.
SLIDE 48
Lower Respiratory Tract
Lungs Primary organs of respiration; extends from the diaphragm to just above the clavicles. Right lungs has 3 lobes. Left lung has 2 lobes.
SLIDE 49
Lower Respiratory Tract
Secondary and tertiary bronchi (not detailed in Salvo) Branches from the primary bronchi, similar to them but decreasing in size.
SLIDE 50
Lower Respiratory Tract
Bronchioles Smaller branches off the tertiary bronchi, having no cartilage, and surrounded by smooth muscle.
SLIDE 51
Lower Respiratory Tract
Alveolar ducts Connect bronchioles to alveoli.
SLIDE 52
Lower Respiratory Tract
Alveoli Tiny sacs attached in clusters resembling grapes to alveolar ducts. Made of single-layer epithelial tissue and surrounded by capillaries which together make gas exchange possible.
SLIDE 53
Primary Bronchi Trachea Alveoli Bronchioles Diaphragm
Lower Respiratory Tract
Diaphragm Main muscle of respiration and structure separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
SLIDE 54
Breathing
SLIDE 55
Breathing
Breathing Mechanical action consisting of two phases: inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation (expiration). Adults breath 12-16 times per minute.
SLIDE 56 Breathing
Inhalation (inspiration) Process of drawing air into the lungs.
- 1. Diaphragm contracts and moves down.
- 2. External intercostals contract to lift the ribcage up and out.
- 3. Pressure in the lungs is now lower compared to atmospheric pressure.
- 4. Air moves from higher pressure (atmosphere) to lower pressure (lungs).
SLIDE 57
External intercostals
SLIDE 58
SLIDE 59 Breathing
Forced inhalation Intensified and voluntary inhalation that requires contraction
- f accessory muscles of inhalation.
(sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, and pectoralis minor).
SLIDE 60 Breathing
Exhalation (expiration) Process of expelling air from the lungs.
- 1. Diaphragm relaxes, elastic recoil of stretched tissues causes it to rise up.
- 2. Ribcage and lungs are reduced in size as a result.
- 3. Pressure in the lungs is now higher compared to atmospheric pressure.
- 4. Air moves from higher pressure (lungs) to lower pressure (atmosphere).
SLIDE 61
SLIDE 62 Breathing
Forced exhalation Intensified and voluntary exhalation that requires contraction
- f accessory muscles of exhalation (internal intercostals and abdominal).
SLIDE 63
Breathing
Volitional/voluntary breathing Allows you to hold your breath while swimming under water and to take deep breaths to project your voice during public speaking.
SLIDE 64
Abnormal Breathing Patterns
Hyperpnea Fast breathing. Tachypnea Rapid, but shallow breathing. Bradypnea Slow breathing. Dyspnea Labored or difficult breathing. Apnea Absence of normal, spontaneous breathing.
SLIDE 65
External and Internal Respiration
SLIDE 66
External and Internal Respiration
External respiration (pulmonary respiration) Gas exchange in the lungs . Occurs by diffusion between blood in capillaries and air in the alveoli.
SLIDE 67
External and Internal Respiration
Internal respiration (tissue respiration) Gas exchange between blood and the body tissues .
SLIDE 68
Reflexes That Affect Breathing
Sneeze Cough Hiccup Yawn
SLIDE 69
Reflexes That Affect Breathing
Sneeze Forceful involuntary expulsion of air through the nose and mouth to clear the upper respiratory passageway. Cough A sudden expulsion of air to clear the lower , respiratory passageways of irritants or foreign materials.
SLIDE 70
Reflexes That Affect Breathing
Hiccup Intermittent involuntary contractions of the diaphragm , followed by spasmodic closure of the vocal cords. Yawn Very deep inhalation initiated by opening the mouth wide.
SLIDE 71 Respiratory System 2 “Life is known only by those who have found a way to be comfortable with change and the
- unknown. Given the nature of life, there may be no
security, but only adventure.”
