Dark Matter Lost and Found Adriano Agnello 2nd July 2017 Adriano - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dwarfs: measured and found wanting Stars and dark matter in lenses Summary Dark Matter Lost and Found Adriano Agnello 2nd July 2017 Adriano Agnello DM lost and found

Dwarfs: measured and found wanting Stars and dark matter in lenses Summary Overview Two branches: Dark Matter in dwarf galaxies in the Local Universe: fainter and 1 farther out Dark Matter in "small" lens galaxies, out to z ≈ 1 2 Adriano Agnello DM lost and found

Dwarfs: measured and found wanting Stars and dark matter in lenses Summary Let’s start with a well-known dSph: Mass profile well determined 1 from kinematics of stars (cusp/core problem). Kinematics of Globular Cluster 2 (GC) underestimate the mass content (Laporte, AA, & Navarro 2018; GC abundance (slighly) 3 Amorisco, AA, & Evans 2013 ) overestimates halo mass. Adriano Agnello DM lost and found

Dwarfs: measured and found wanting Stars and dark matter in lenses Summary NGC1052-DF2 UDG ‘lacking dark matter’: striking galaxy 1 or tragic mistake † ? Misleading results from GC kinematics Few tracers ⇒ not virialized! (also wrong sigma, possibly wrong Order-of-magnitude uncertainties on distance...) masses. You can get any mass you want from 10 or 11 GCs. 1 van Dokkum et al. (2018); † Laporte, AA, & Navarro (2018). Adriano Agnello DM lost and found

Dwarfs: measured and found wanting Stars and dark matter in lenses Summary Scientific results: a Fornax and NGC1052-DF2 are 1 not so special Discrepant mass estimates from 2 GC abundance and kinematics Need starlight kinematics, and/or 3 more GCs (at least 30) Warnings: b get your kinematics right get your distances right a (Laporte, AA & Navarro 2018) b (Laporte +2018; Martin +2018; Trujillo +2018) Adriano Agnello DM lost and found

Dwarfs: measured and found wanting Stars and dark matter in lenses Summary A ‘mixed bag’ of UDGs 2 ? UDGs in Coma and their GC content (data from HST Coma Cluster treasury program), compared to other galaxies in the Local Universe. Similar ‘mixed bag’ in Virgo galaxies (Peng et al. 2008). A robust and comprehensive interpretation is still missing. 2 Amorisco, Monachesi, AA & White 2018 Adriano Agnello DM lost and found

Dwarfs: measured and found wanting Stars and dark matter in lenses Summary So why ‘giant’ telescopes? Need more GCs per system ⇒ must go faint ( i ≈ 24) 1 Need more systems, possibly stacking ⇒ sample larger volume 2 Need kinematics of stars! And on many galaxies. 3 Adriano Agnello DM lost and found

Dwarfs: measured and found wanting Stars and dark matter in lenses Summary Strong lensing by galaxies z = 0 z ~ 0.7 z ~ 2 VRi fibre/slit spectroscopic surveys only measure mass within ~5kpc, mostly stars lensing probes the whole line of sight (*) � � Adriano Agnello DM lost and found � �

Dwarfs: measured and found wanting Stars and dark matter in lenses Summary A range of image separations Original cutout PSF subtracted 1 2 3 arcsec 1 0 0 0 arcsec − 3 − 1 − 2 0 1 2 3 arcsec 0 0 0 − 1 − 3 − 1 − 2 − 1 0 1 − 1 0 1 arcsec arcsec 1 2 3 arcsec S1128+2402 Original Image PSF Subtracted 0 0 0 1 . 5 1 . 5 1 . 0 1 . 0 − 3 − 1 − 2 0 . 5 0 . 5 arcsec arcsec 0 . 0 0 . 0 − 3 0 3 − 1 0 1 − 2 0 2 arcsec arcsec arcsec − 0 . 5 − 0 . 5 − 1 . 0 − 1 . 0 − 1 . 5 − 1 . 5 − 1 0 1 − 1 0 1 (Williams et al. 2017; arcsec arcsec Molina et al. in prep.) Adriano Agnello DM lost and found

Dwarfs: measured and found wanting Stars and dark matter in lenses Summary Lensing and the fundamental plane What is the M ? − M h relation of 1 � � � � lens galaxies? � � � � Do we understand FP evolution? 2 � � � What about ‘small’ galaxies in 3 lensing clusters? GOODS Treu et al. (2006) SLACS NB: some adopt σ = σ sis , with Beifiori et al. (2017) sis = c 2 θ E D s σ 2 ; (1) 4 π D ls this is far from adequate at the � massive end ( σ ≈ 0 . 7 σ sis ), and � � � � � � � � � probably at small masses too. � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Adriano Agnello DM lost and found � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 0 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Dwarfs: measured and found wanting Stars and dark matter in lenses Summary What is needed? 3 Good multi-band photometry (stable PSF), redshifts , accurate lens models (to within ≈ 10 % in θ E ). ID: 2 ID: 5 ID: 6 z = 0 . 50 z = 0 . 50 z = 0 . 33 10 2 10 2 log M � /M � = 11 . 24 log M � /M � = 11 . 03 log M � /M � = 10 . 14 10 1 f ν (arb.) f ν (arb.) f ν (arb.) f ν (arb.) 10 1 ID: 13 10 1 z = 0 . 50 log M � /M � = 10 . 66 5000 10000 15000 20000 5000 10000 15000 20000 5000 10000 15000 20000 5000 10000 15000 20000 Wavelength (˚ Wavelength (˚ Wavelength (˚ Wavelength (˚ A) A) A) A) ID: 19 z = 0 . 30 log M � /M � = 11 . 36 10 2 10 1 10 1 f ν (arb.) f ν (arb.) f ν (arb.) f ν (arb.) 10 0 10 2 10 0 10 1 ID: 35 10 � 1 ID: 45 ID: 49 z = 0 . 63 z = 0 . 64 z = 0 . 49 log M � /M � = 11 . 36 log M � /M � = 12 . 29 log M � /M � = 12 . 02 5000 10000 15000 20000 5000 10000 15000 20000 5000 10000 15000 20000 5000 10000 15000 20000 Wavelength (˚ A) Wavelength (˚ A) Wavelength (˚ A) Wavelength (˚ A) 3 Molina et al. in prep. Masses courtesy of T. Morishita. Adriano Agnello DM lost and found

Dwarfs: measured and found wanting Stars and dark matter in lenses Summary Currently a crunching a sample of ≈ 60 quasar lenses b 0 . 3 < z l < 0 . 7 , 9 . 5 < log 10 ( M ? ) < 11 . 5 log 10 ( M * )) smaller)R E) fainter)lenses ) log 10 ( M h )) a In collab. with A. J. Shajib (UCLA). b Molina et al. in prep. Adriano Agnello DM lost and found

Dwarfs: measured and found wanting Stars and dark matter in lenses Summary So why giant telescopes? Small image separations, down to ≈ 0 . 6 00 . Faint lens galaxies, that may not be targeted otherwise. Challenging for current AO IFU: done on just a handful with OSIRIS@Keck in the NIR; MUSE-NFM strongly depends on seeing, even with the brightest. Need redshifts of faint deflectors, over large samples Adriano Agnello DM lost and found

Dwarfs: measured and found wanting Stars and dark matter in lenses Summary Summing up... Dark matter in dwarfs of the Local Universe, out to Coma Cluster Direct M ? − M h in single galaxies, at cosmological redshift, over multiple decades in M ? Need models that are worthy of giant telescopes (...provided insruments are understood as much as the data) Adriano Agnello DM lost and found