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P rinted O ptical P article S pectrometer A small, sensitive, light-weight, and disposable aerosol spectrometer for balloon and UAV applications Hagen Telg Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences NOAA Earth System

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SLIDE 1

Printed Optical Particle Spectrometer

A small, sensitive, light-weight, and disposable aerosol spectrometer for balloon and UAV applications

Hagen Telg

Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory May 20, 2014

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SLIDE 2

start motivation how POPS works how POPS performs field test fine

Motivation

IPCC: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis

Why aerosols

⇒ large uncertainty about effect on radiative forcing

Scientific questions that are difficult to address with existing tools

  • Aerosol profiles inside the Asian Monsoon

→ no aircraft excess

  • Fire plume sampling → no aircraft excess
  • Volcanic aerosol and ash quantification →

no aircraft excess, monitoring needed

  • Geo-engineering → monitoring needed

⇒ A small, light-weight, low cost, low power opti- cal particle counter will help greatly

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SLIDE 3

start motivation how POPS works how POPS performs field test fine

Motivation

Why aerosols

⇒ large uncertainty about effect on radiative forcing

Scientific questions that are difficult to address with existing tools

  • Aerosol profiles inside the Asian Monsoon

→ no aircraft excess

  • Fire plume sampling → no aircraft excess
  • Volcanic aerosol and ash quantification →

no aircraft excess, monitoring needed

  • Geo-engineering → monitoring needed

⇒ A small, light-weight, low cost, low power opti- cal particle counter will help greatly

slide-4
SLIDE 4

start motivation how POPS works how POPS performs field test fine

Motivation

UAV weather balloon

Why aerosols

⇒ large uncertainty about effect on radiative forcing

Scientific questions that are difficult to address with existing tools

  • Aerosol profiles inside the Asian Monsoon

→ no aircraft excess

  • Fire plume sampling → no aircraft excess
  • Volcanic aerosol and ash quantification →

no aircraft excess, monitoring needed

  • Geo-engineering → monitoring needed

⇒ A small, light-weight, low cost, low power opti- cal particle counter will help greatly

slide-5
SLIDE 5

start motivation how POPS works how POPS performs field test fine

Motivation

Why aerosols

⇒ large uncertainty about effect on radiative forcing

Scientific questions that are difficult to address with existing tools

  • Aerosol profiles inside the Asian Monsoon

→ no aircraft excess

  • Fire plume sampling → no aircraft excess
  • Volcanic aerosol and ash quantification →

no aircraft excess, monitoring needed

  • Geo-engineering → monitoring needed

⇒ A small, light-weight, low cost, low power opti- cal particle counter will help greatly

⇒ Printed Optical Particle Spectrometer

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SLIDE 6

start motivation how POPS works how POPS performs field test fine

How POPS works

light-source 405 nm laser diode beam shaping aspherical, and cylindrical lenses shape laser to line light collection spherical mirror image scattered light on Photomultiplier Tube stray light multiple slits suppress stray light signal processing PMT output current converted to voltage → amplified → digitized (4 MHz; 16 bit) → analyzed on single-board computer → communicate via serial port sizing intensity of scattered light depends on particle size

  • R. S. Gao et al., Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 137
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SLIDE 7

start motivation how POPS works how POPS performs field test fine

How POPS works

light-source 405 nm laser diode beam shaping aspherical, and cylindrical lenses shape laser to line light collection spherical mirror image scattered light on Photomultiplier Tube stray light multiple slits suppress stray light signal processing PMT output current converted to voltage → amplified → digitized (4 MHz; 16 bit) → analyzed on single-board computer → communicate via serial port sizing intensity of scattered light depends on particle size

  • R. S. Gao et al., Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 137
slide-8
SLIDE 8

start motivation how POPS works how POPS performs field test fine

How POPS works

light-source 405 nm laser diode beam shaping aspherical, and cylindrical lenses shape laser to line light collection spherical mirror image scattered light on Photomultiplier Tube stray light multiple slits suppress stray light signal processing PMT output current converted to voltage → amplified → digitized (4 MHz; 16 bit) → analyzed on single-board computer → communicate via serial port sizing intensity of scattered light depends on particle size

  • R. S. Gao et al., Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 137
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SLIDE 9

start motivation how POPS works how POPS performs field test fine

How POPS works

102 103 Particle diameter (nm) Scattering efficiency (arb. u.)

Mie scattering simulation

light-source 405 nm laser diode beam shaping aspherical, and cylindrical lenses shape laser to line light collection spherical mirror image scattered light on Photomultiplier Tube stray light multiple slits suppress stray light signal processing PMT output current converted to voltage → amplified → digitized (4 MHz; 16 bit) → analyzed on single-board computer → communicate via serial port sizing intensity of scattered light depends on particle size

  • R. S. Gao et al., Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 137
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SLIDE 10

start motivation how POPS works how POPS performs field test fine

How POPS works

POPS versus UHSAS

dimensions 15x6x6 cm weight < 1 kg cost∗ ∼2500 $ power 3 W

∗ labor excluded

light-source 405 nm laser diode beam shaping aspherical, and cylindrical lenses shape laser to line light collection spherical mirror image scattered light on Photomultiplier Tube stray light multiple slits suppress stray light signal processing PMT output current converted to voltage → amplified → digitized (4 MHz; 16 bit) → analyzed on single-board computer → communicate via serial port sizing intensity of scattered light depends on particle size

  • R. S. Gao et al., Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 137
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SLIDE 11

start motivation how POPS works how POPS performs field test fine

how POPS performs

Time (arb. u.) Signal intensity (arb. u.) Diameter (nm) 180

raw data

  • single particles are resolved
  • good diameter resolution

∆d/d ≈ 15 %

  • minimum measurable diameter

<150 nm

  • agreement with theory
  • comparison to UHSAS shows good

agreement in absolute counts (down to 190 nm)

slide-12
SLIDE 12

start motivation how POPS works how POPS performs field test fine

how POPS performs

Time (arb. u.) Signal intensity (arb. u.) Diameter (nm) 180

raw data

  • single particles are resolved
  • good diameter resolution

∆d/d ≈ 15 %

  • minimum measurable diameter

<150 nm

  • agreement with theory
  • comparison to UHSAS shows good

agreement in absolute counts (down to 190 nm)

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Intensity (digitizer bins) 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 Normalized No. of particles per bin diameter (nm) 180

peak height histogram

slide-13
SLIDE 13

start motivation how POPS works how POPS performs field test fine

how POPS performs

Time (arb. u.) Signal intensity (arb. u.) Diameter (nm) 180

raw data

  • single particles are resolved
  • good diameter resolution

∆d/d ≈ 15 %

  • minimum measurable diameter

<150 nm

  • agreement with theory
  • comparison to UHSAS shows good

agreement in absolute counts (down to 190 nm)

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Intensity (digitizer bins) 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 Normalized No. of particles per bin diameter (nm) 150 160 170 180

peak height histogram

slide-14
SLIDE 14

start motivation how POPS works how POPS performs field test fine

how POPS performs

Time (arb. u.) Signal intensity (arb. u.) Diameter (nm) 180

raw data

  • single particles are resolved
  • good diameter resolution

∆d/d ≈ 15 %

  • minimum measurable diameter

<150 nm

  • agreement with theory
  • comparison to UHSAS shows good

agreement in absolute counts (down to 190 nm)

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Intensity (digitizer bins) 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 Normalized No. of particles per bin diameter (nm) 150 160 170 180

peak height histogram

150 155 160 165 170 175 180 Particle diameter (nm) 10 15 20 25 Scattered light intensity (arb. u.) exp. theo.

  • exp. versus theo.
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SLIDE 15

start motivation how POPS works how POPS performs field test fine

how POPS performs

100 200 300 400 500600 Diameter (nm) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Number concentration/cm

3

UHSAS POPS

POPS versus UHSAS @ room air

  • single particles are resolved
  • good diameter resolution

∆d/d ≈ 15 %

  • minimum measurable diameter

<150 nm

  • agreement with theory
  • comparison to UHSAS shows good

agreement in absolute counts (down to 190 nm)

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SLIDE 16

start motivation how POPS works how POPS performs field test fine

field test on Manta UAV

Manta & launcher

Absorption Photometer POPS CNC Radio- meter Filter Sampler

Manta pallet

package

  • POPS
  • Condensation Nuclei Counter
  • 3 wavelengths aerosol absorption

ahotometer → like CLAP

  • aerosol filter sampler → 6 filters
  • Radiometer
  • utcome
  • POPS functional

but interference with UAV communication and other instruments → bursts of noise ⇒ improve shielding

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SLIDE 17

start motivation how POPS works how POPS performs field test fine

field test on Manta UAV

Manta & launcher

Absorption Photometer POPS CNC Radio- meter Filter Sampler

Manta pallet

package

  • POPS
  • Condensation Nuclei Counter
  • 3 wavelengths aerosol absorption

ahotometer → like CLAP

  • aerosol filter sampler → 6 filters
  • Radiometer
  • utcome
  • POPS functional

but interference with UAV communication and other instruments → bursts of noise ⇒ improve shielding

poster by D. Murphy presented by R.S. Gao

slide-18
SLIDE 18

start motivation how POPS works how POPS performs field test fine

field test on Manta UAV

Manta & launcher

Absorption Photometer POPS CNC Radio- meter Filter Sampler

Manta pallet

package

  • POPS
  • Condensation Nuclei Counter
  • 3 wavelengths aerosol absorption

ahotometer → like CLAP

  • aerosol filter sampler → 6 filters
  • Radiometer
  • utcome
  • POPS functional

but interference with UAV communication and other instruments → bursts of noise ⇒ improve shielding

slide-19
SLIDE 19

start motivation how POPS works how POPS performs field test fine

summary

Printed Optical Particle Spectrometer

light weight < 1 kg ⇒ light enough for small weather balloon or UAV low cost ∼2500 $ ⇒ disposable diameter range 150 - 2500 nm tested Manta UAV

POPS will be fully functional in a couple of months!

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SLIDE 20

start motivation how POPS works how POPS performs field test fine

acknowledgment

  • Ru-Shan Gao
  • Laurel Watts
  • Steven Ciciora
  • Richard McLaughlin
  • Matt Richardson
  • Joshua Schwarz
  • Anne Perring
  • Charles Brock
  • Nick Wagner
  • Tim Bates
  • James Johnson