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Lepton flavor violation induced by a neutral scalar at future lepton colliders Yongchao Zhang Washington University in St. Louis July 7, 2018 ICHEP2018, Seoul based on P. S. B. Dev, R. N. Mohapatra & YCZ, PRL120 (2018)221804 [1711.08430]

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SLIDE 1

Lepton flavor violation induced by a neutral scalar at future lepton colliders

Yongchao Zhang

Washington University in St. Louis July 7, 2018 ICHEP2018, Seoul

based on

  • P. S. B. Dev, R. N. Mohapatra & YCZ, PRL120(2018)221804 [1711.08430]

(see also P. S. B. Dev, R. N. Mohapatra & YCZ, 1803.11167) contributing to CEPC CDR & CLIC CERN Yellow Book

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SLIDE 2

Outline

Motivations Effective LFV couplings of a (light) BSM neutral scalar H On-shell production of H at CEPC & ILC Off-shell production of H at CEPC & ILC Prospects and discussions

e− e+ γ, Z ℓ+

α

H ℓ−

β

γ, Z ℓ− ℓ− e+ H e+ e− e− e+ H ℓ−

α

ℓ+

β

e− e+ H ℓ−

α

ℓ+

β Yongchao Zhang (Wustl) LFV July 7, 2018 2 / 21

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SLIDE 3

Motivation examples: LFV beyond SM

muon g − 2

[Carena, Giudice, Wagner ’96; Raidal+ ’08; Wolfgang Altmannshofer, Carena, Crivellin ’16] µ µ γ H τ hµτ hµτ

H: beyond SM scalar neutrino mass generation

[Dreiner, Nickel, Staub+ ’12; de Gouvea, P. Vogel ’13; Vicente ’15; Lindner, Platscher, Queiroz ’16]

charged LFV is always connected to neutrino mass generation by beyond SM scalars.

[see the plenary talk by S. Petcov]

Yongchao Zhang (Wustl) LFV July 7, 2018 3 / 21

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SLIDE 4

Calling for New Physics...

The LFV couplings of the SM Higgs h, e.g. yµτ;

[Blankenburg, Ellis, Isidori ’12; Harnik, Kopp, Zupan ’12]

Beyond SM doubly-charged scalars H±±, e.g. from type-II seesaw;

[Fileviez Perez, Han, Huang+ ’08; Rentala, Shepherd, Su ’11; King, Merle, Panizzi ’14]

Beyond SM (light) neutral scalar H with LFV couplings hαβ Beyond SM neutral scalar: its mass & the LFV couplings: model-dependent... The most efficient way to probe the LFV couplings: future lepton colliders: CEPC, ILC, FCC-ee, CLIC if the beyond scalar H is hadrophobic and does not mixing sizably with the SM Higgs.

Yongchao Zhang (Wustl) LFV July 7, 2018 4 / 21

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SLIDE 5

Well-motivated underlying models

RPV SUSY: sneutrinos (˜ ν)

[Aulakh, Mohapatra ’82; Hall,Suzuki ’84; Ross, Valle ’85, Barbier+ ’04; Duggan, Evans, Hirschauer ’13]

LRPV = 1 2λαβγ Lα Lβ E c

γ

Left-right symmetric models: the SU(2)R-breaking scalar H3

[Dev, Mohapatra, YCZ ’16; ’16; ’17; Maiezza, Senjanovi´ c, Vasquez ’16]

LFV couplings are generated at tree and/or loop level 2HDM: CP-even or odd (heavy) scalars from the 2nd doublet

[Branco+ ’11; Crivellin, Heeck, Stoffer ’15]

LFV couplings are induced from small deviation from the lepton-specific structure. Mirror models: singlet scalar connecting the SM leptons to heavy mirror leptons [Hung ’06, ’07; Bu, Liao, Liu ’08; Chang, Chang, Nugroho+ ’16; Hung, Le,

Tran+ ’17]

LFV couplings arise from the SM-heavy lepton mixing

Yongchao Zhang (Wustl) LFV July 7, 2018 5 / 21

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SLIDE 6

Beyond SM neutral Higgs & effective LFV couplings

Model-independent effective LFV couplings of H LY = hαβ ¯ ℓα, LHℓβ, R + H.c. . For simplicity, we assume hαβ are real, symmetric, H is CP-even.

H might originate from a isospin singlet, doublet or triplet, depending on specific underlying models.

Effective Dim-4 couplings = Effective 4-fermion couplings like

1 Λ2 (¯

ee)(¯ eµ)

[Kabachenko, Pirogov ’97; Ferreira, Guedes, Santos ’06; Aranda, Flores-Tlalpa, Ramirez-Zavaleta+ ’09; Murakami, Tait ’14; Cho, Shimo ’14]

mH < √s ⇒ on-shell production

Yongchao Zhang (Wustl) LFV July 7, 2018 6 / 21

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SLIDE 7
  • n-shell production

e+e− → ℓ±

α ℓ∓ β + H

e− e+ γ, Z ℓ+

α

H ℓ−

β

γ, Z ℓ− ℓ− e+ H e+ e− γ, Z ℓ− e− e+ H e+ e−

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SLIDE 8

Constraints on the LFV couplings: on-shell

On-shell production amplitudes depend linearly on the LFV couplings muonium anti-muonium oscillation: (¯ µe) ↔ (µ¯ e) (heµ)

e− µ+ H µ− e+ e− µ+ H µ− e+

Oscillation probablity [Clark, Love ’03] P = 2(∆M)2 Γ2

µ + 4(∆M)2

with the H-induced mass splitting ∆M = 2α3

EMh2 eµµ3

πm2

H

, µ = memµ me + mµ

Yongchao Zhang (Wustl) LFV July 7, 2018 8 / 21

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SLIDE 9

Constraints on the LFV couplings: on-shell

Electron and muon g − 2 (heℓ, hµℓ)

[Lindner, Platscher, Queiroz ’16]

e e γ H µ heµ heµ

∆ae ≃ h2

eµmemµ

16π2m2

H

  • 2 log

m2

H

m2

µ

  • − 3
  • .

The value of heµ to explain (g − 2)µ discrepancy is excluded by the (g − 2)e constraint. ∆aµ ≡ ∆aexp

µ

− ∆ath

µ = (2.87 ± 0.80) × 10−9

Yongchao Zhang (Wustl) LFV July 7, 2018 9 / 21

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SLIDE 10

Constraints on the LFV couplings: on-shell

Bhabha scattering, LEP ee → ℓℓ data (heℓ)

[OPAL ’03; L3 ’03; DELPHI ’05]

e− e+ H ℓ− ℓ+

Effective 4-fermion interaction h2

eℓ

m2

H

(¯ eℓ)(¯ eℓ)

Fierz transf.

= = = = = = = ⇒ 1 Λ2 (¯ eγµe)(¯ ℓγµℓ) If mH √s, the LEP limits on the cut-off scale Λ do not apply, and we have to consider the kinetic dependence 1 m2

H

→ 1 q2 − m2

H

≃ 1 −s cos θ/2 − m2

H

Yongchao Zhang (Wustl) LFV July 7, 2018 10 / 21

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SLIDE 11

SM backgrounds: on-shell

Main SM backgronds are particle misidentification for e+e− → ℓ+

αℓ− β + X ,

(α = β) The mis-identification rate is expected to be small, of order 10−3

[Milstene, Fisk, Para ’06; Hammad, Khalil, Un ’16; Yu, Ruan, Boudry+ ’17]

Examle: e+e− → Zh → (e+e−/µ+µ−)h e±µ∓ + h

background signal 50 100 150 200 0.1 1 10 100 1000

meμ [GeV] Number of Events

s = 240 GeV 5 ab-1 mH = 50 GeV heμ = 0.003

background signal 200 400 600 800 1000 0.01 0.05 0.10 0.50 1 5 10

meμ [GeV] Number of Events

s = 1 TeV 1 ab-1 mH = 300 GeV heμ = 0.01

S/

  • S + B = 55

S/

  • S + B = 61

Yongchao Zhang (Wustl) LFV July 7, 2018 11 / 21

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SLIDE 12

CEPC & ILC prospects: on-shell

10 100 1000 10-4 10-3 10-2 0.1 1

mH [GeV] |heμ|

muonium oscillation (g-2)e

→

( g

  • 2

)μ ee → μμ CEPC ILC

Long-dashed, short-dashed, solid lines: 1%, 10%, and 100% of the decay products of H is reconstructible (visible). Shaded regions are excluded. Dotted brown line: central values of muon g − 2 anomaly, green and yellow bands: the 1σ and 2σ regions.

Yongchao Zhang (Wustl) LFV July 7, 2018 12 / 21

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SLIDE 13

CEPC & ILC prospects: on-shell

10 100 1000 10-4 10-3 10-2 0.1 1

mH [GeV] |heτ|

(g-2)e

⟶

ee → ττ CEPC ILC

Long-dashed, short-dashed, solid lines: 1%, 10%, and 100% of the decay products of H is reconstructible (visible). Shaded regions are excluded.

Yongchao Zhang (Wustl) LFV July 7, 2018 13 / 21

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SLIDE 14

CEPC & ILC prospects: on-shell

10 100 1000 10-3 10-2 0.1 1

mH [GeV] |hμτ|

(g-2)μ ( g

  • 2

)

μ

e x c l u d e d CEPC ILC

Long-dashed, short-dashed, solid lines: 1%, 10%, and 100% of the decay products of H is reconstructible (visible). Shaded regions are excluded. Dotted brown line: central values of muon g − 2 anomaly, green and yellow bands: the 1σ and 2σ regions.

The muon g − 2 discrepancy can be directly tested at CEPC via the searches of ee → µτ + H

Yongchao Zhang (Wustl) LFV July 7, 2018 14 / 21

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SLIDE 15
  • ff-shell production

e+e− → ℓ±

α ℓ∓ β

e− e+ H ℓ−

α

ℓ+

β

e− e+ H ℓ−

α

ℓ+

β

...at resonance when mH ≃ √s

might also be mediated by a (light) gauge boson Z ′ with LFV couplings [Heeck ’16]

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SLIDE 16

Constraints on the LFV couplings: off-shell

Off-shell production amplitudes depend quadratically on the LFV couplings 3-body LFV decays of muon and tauon, e.g. [Sher, Yuan ’91] Γ(τ − → e+e−e−) ≃ 1 δ |h†

eeheτ|2 m5 τ

3072π3m4

H

, (δ = 2) 2-body LFV decays of muon and tauon, e.g. [Harnik, Kopp, Zupan ’12] Γ(τ → eγ) = αEMm5

τ

64π4

  • |cL|2 + |cR|2

, cL = cR ≃ h†

eeheτ

24m2

H

. hee, eµ, eτ contribute to (g − 2)e & LEP ee → ℓℓ data,

[DELPHI ’05; Hou, Wong ’95]

|h†

eeheτ|

⇒ ee → eτ |h†

eµheτ|

⇒ ee → µτ (t-channel)

Yongchao Zhang (Wustl) LFV July 7, 2018 16 / 21

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SLIDE 17

Constraints on the LFV couplings: off-shell

process current data constraints [GeV−2] µ− → e−e+e− < 10−12 |h†

eeheµ|/m2 H < 6.6 × 10−11

τ − → e−e+e− < 2.7 × 10−8 |h†

eeheτ|/m2 H < 2.6 × 10−8

τ − → µ−e+e− < 1.8 × 10−8 |h†

eehµτ|/m2 H < 1.5 × 10−8

τ − → µ+e−e− < 1.5 × 10−8 |h†

eµheτ|/m2 H < 1.9 × 10−8

τ − → e−γ < 3.3 × 10−8 |h†

eeheτ|/m2 H < 1.0 × 10−6

τ − → µ−γ < 4.4 × 10−8 |h†

eµheτ|/m2 H < 1.2 × 10−6

(g − 2)e < 5.0 × 10−13 |h†

eeheτ|/m2 H < 1.1 × 10−7

|h†

eµheτ|/m2 H < 1.0 × 10−8

ee → ee, ττ Λ > 5.7 & 6.3 TeV |h†

eeheτ|/m2 H < 1.4 × 10−7

ee → µµ, ττ Λ > 5.7 & 7.9 TeV |h†

eµheτ|/m2 H < 1.3 × 10−7

The µ → 3e limit is so strong that the it leaves no hope to see any signal in the channel ee → eµ at CEPC & ILC.

Yongchao Zhang (Wustl) LFV July 7, 2018 17 / 21

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SLIDE 18

SM backgrounds: off-shell

Main SM backgrounds: e+e− → W +W − → ℓ+

αℓ− β ν¯

ν The backgrounds can be well controlled by

[Kabachenko, Pirogov ’97; Cho, Shimo ’16; Bian, Shu, YCZ ’15]

requiring that the constructed energy Eℓ ≃ √s/2 , kinetic distribution analysis of the backgrounds and signals

Yongchao Zhang (Wustl) LFV July 7, 2018 18 / 21

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SLIDE 19

CEPC & ILC prospects: off-shell

e+e− → e±τ ∓

e− e+ hee H heτ e− τ + 10 50 100 500 1000 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2

mH [GeV] |hee

† heτ|

τ- → e-e+e- τ- → e-γ ( g

  • 2

)e ee → ℓℓ CEPC ILC

Resonance effect at mH ≃ √s for both CEPC & ILC Width ΓH = 10 (30) GeV at CEPC (ILC) The off-shell scalar could be probed up to few TeV scale.

Yongchao Zhang (Wustl) LFV July 7, 2018 19 / 21

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SLIDE 20

CEPC & ILC prospects: off-shell

e+e− → µ±τ ∓

e− e+ hee H hµτ µ− τ + e− e+ heµ H heτ µ− τ +

Figure: The s and t channels depend on different h†h couplings.

10 50 100 500 1000 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2

mH [GeV] |hee

† hμτ|

τ- → μ-e+e- CEPC ILC 10 50 100 500 1000 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2

mH [GeV] |heμ

† heτ|

τ- → μ+e-e- τ- → μ-γ (g-2)e ee → ℓℓ CEPC ILC

Yongchao Zhang (Wustl) LFV July 7, 2018 20 / 21

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SLIDE 21

Conclusion

A large variety of well-motivated models accommodate a BSM scalar with LFV couplings to the SM leptons, arising at tree or loop level. These LFV couplings can be studied in a model-independent way at future lepton colliders like CEPC, ILC, FCC-ee & CLIC, which strengthens the physics case for future lepton colliders. The BSM neutral scalar H can be produced on-shell via e+e− → ℓ±

α ℓ∓ β + H

  • r off-shell via e+e− → ℓ±

α ℓ∓ β .

It is promising future lepton colliders could probe a broad region of mH and hαβ that goes well beyond the existing LFV constraints. The scalar mass and couplings for the explanation of the muon g − 2 anomaly can be directly tested at future lepton colliders in e+e− → µ±τ ∓ + H.

Thank you for your attention!

Yongchao Zhang (Wustl) LFV July 7, 2018 21 / 21