Leading ading th the world rld in marine rine renewabl newables: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Leading ading th the world rld in marine rine renewabl newables: es: a decade’s worth of British experience in wave & tidal energy Commodore Steven Jermy RN CMarTech FIMarEST FNI

Structure  Strategic Context  Marine Renewables Lessons Learned  Wave Energy  Tidal Energy  South Africa’s Opportunity

So South h West t UK K – Marine ne En Energy y Ex Experie ienc nce Academic research hotspot Excellent natural resources Maritime & industrial heritage Innovative regional businesses

THE MOJO MARITIME TIMELINE Richard Company restructuring Formation of New investment Parkinson Ocean acquires the New Directors Dynamics business Group 1970’s 2004 2006 2009 2011 2012 TODAY Marine Operations Entry into Success in Management marine tidal projects renewables Engineering Consultancy TIDE WAVE WIND R&D projects Local Marine Contracting Reducing the cost of energy for marine renewables mojo maritime

The Strategic Context for Energy

Cl Clima mate te Ch Chan ange ge Current Trends Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

Global Energy Context Oil & Gas Industry – CAPEX v Strategic Yield 7

Global al En Energy gy Contex ext Global Supply Global Demand

Ec Economics ics & & Debt G7 Total Debt-to-GDP Ratios

Global al En Energy gy Contex ext Energy Return on Energy Invested Economic Growth & Energy

Ec Economic ic Growth th Limits to Growth

Marine Renewable Energy Lessons Learned

Offs fsho hore e Renewabl bles es Tidal Offshore hore Wind Wave

Lesson ons Learne ned d To Date Tidal Wave – Engi gineering neering: – P c v yield – power density ty & oceanogr anography aphy – array science ence & oceanogr anography aphy – Operati tional onal: – build d to instal tall – build d to survive – build d to connec nnect t – build d to array – build d to O&M – Commerci rcial al: – Risk capi pital tal v return – Yield d v C CAPE PEX X v OPEX – LCOE 14

Offshore Energy Supply Cycles Cycle Oil & Gas Offshore Wave Tide Wind ✗✗✗ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ Explore ✗✗✗ ✓ ✓✓ ✓✓✓ Map ✓✓✓ ✗✗ ✗✗ ✓✓ Predict Time ✓✓✓ ✗ ✓✓ ✓✓✓ Power − ✗ ✓✗ ✓✓✓ Direction ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✗ ✓ Extract Technology ✓✓✓ ✓✓ ✗ ✗✗ Balance of Plant ✗✗ ✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Supply Chain ✗✗ ✓✓ ✗✗ ✗✗✗ Cost ✗✗✗ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ Field Reserves ✗✗ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ Decommission 15

Wave & Tidal Energy Prospects – Cost reducti tion on step p change ange oppor portuni unity ty more obvious ous in tidal al – An oppor ortuni tunity ty to drive e down the cost per MW through ugh innov ovati ation on in: Foundat ndation on Optimisat ation on  Instal allati ation on methodol odology ogy and vessel el selec ecti tion on  Cable e connec necti tion on (current ent elephant phant in the room)  Cable e Instal allat ation on – current ent poor relati tion on  O&M methodol hodology ogy  16

Wave Energy

WAV AVE E PO POWER ER Wave ve powe wer r availabl able to a wave ve energy rgy conver verter er is calcul culated ed by: P = P = ( ( ρ g/64 g/64 π ) ) * (h (h 2 λ ) Where: re: ρ = water density  g = g gravity ty  h = w wave height ght  λ = w wave e period od  Key Points: ts: wave e power r decay ays quickly with depth, h, as functi tion on of λ  wave e power r is enhanc anced ed or r reduc uced ed by refraction on as a r resul ult of bottom om  topogr ography aphy 18

WAV AVE E PO POWER ER Pelami amis Carnegi egie Wello Anac aconda onda 19

WAVEHUB 20

WaveHub In the water er and open for business ess 21

Tidal Energy

Ti Tidal l St Stream am Po Power Offsho fshore re (and onshore) re) wind and tidal l power r available lable from m a horizon zonta tal l axis turbin ine is calculated ulated from: m: P = ½ ρ e π r 2 2 u 3 Where: re: ρ = water density  e = turbine power coeff fficie cient  r = blade e radius us  u = tidal l stre ream am velocity city  Key Points: ts:  u 3 3 matt tters rs more than n π r 2 2  1/7 th th power law for power r loss s with depth  losses es of speed in the wake limit t on overal all yield  turbine arrays ys are typica ically ly be spaced at 8-10D 10D 23

Po Power Density ity Offshore ore Wind Tidal al 24

Tid idal al v Win ind d – Sim imila ilarities rities & Dif ifferen ferences ces • Well ll known own tidal adva vantage ages: - chrono hronolog ogical ical predic edictabil abilit ity - sub-sur surface ace • Less ss well know own tidal al adv dvantages antages: - dire recti ction onal al predic edictabil tability ity - power wer dens nsity ty - fluid dept pth v turb rbine ne diame meter er 25

Tidal Energy Challenge Pentl tlan and Firth, th, Inner er Sound, d, Scotland tland – 10kts s = 5 ms -1

The Sector Focus Deployment, installation, and • O&M account for 50% of a typical marine energy deployment. The industry focus is turning: • from turbines. - to foundations & multiple - turbine arrays. seeking cost reduction, - through rapid innovation.  The science to maximise yield revenue also needs to be developed. 27

hods Technol hnologi gica cal l focus us – founda dati tion ons s & instal talla latio tion n metho Gravity Base Foundations ‘Jack Up’ Barges & Dynamic Positioning Vessels Pile Foundations 28

I – Tidal Energy Innovation - Foundations  Tidal Turbine Foundation:  Gravity base – approx 1000 tonne per iMW – expensive – difficult to install  Pile – 100 tonne per iMW – topside drilling required -

II – Ti II Tidal l En Energy y Innov ovati ation on - Ve Vesse sels ls  Jack ack Up Ba Barges rges: Possibl ble e stabi bility/VIV /VIV issues ues  Suscepti eptibl ble e to weather her downt ntime me  Depth h limited ted  Expensi pensive e day rates  Restricted ted avai ailabi ability ty   DP DP Vessels ls: Expens pensive e Day Rates  Limited ted DP perfor ormanc mance  30

Environment Data  24hr (Feb 2013)

Tidal Energy Challenge  Environmental Conditions TIDAL CURRENT (m/s) 5 0 -5 3 WAVE HEIGHT (Hs, m) 2 1 0 20 WIND SPEED (m/s) 15 10 5 0 £10

Tidal Energy Challenge  Environmental Conditions TIDAL CURRENT (m/s) 5 0 -5 3 WAVE HEIGHT (Hs, m) 2 1 0 20 WIND SPEED (m/s) 15 10 5 0 £10

Tidal Energy Challenge  Environmental Conditions TIDAL CURRENT (m/s) 5 0 -5 3 WAVE HEIGHT (Hs, m) 2 1 0 20 WIND SPEED (m/s) 15 10 5 0 £10  Vessel utilisation 10~15%

Tidal Energy Challenge  Environmental Conditions TIDAL CURRENT (m/s) 5 0 -5 3 WAVE HEIGHT (Hs, m) 2 1 0 20 WIND SPEED (m/s) 15 10 5 0 £10  Vessel utilisation 10~15%  Very sensitive to weather risk

Tidal Energy Challenge  Environmental Conditions TIDAL CURRENT (m/s) 5 0 -5 3 WAVE HEIGHT (Hs, m) 2 1 0 20 WIND SPEED (m/s) 15 10 5 0 £10  Vessel utilisation 90~95%

Tidal Energ rgy y – System tems s Approach ach Stage ge 1 – use Bauer er sub-sea ea Stage ge 2 – deploy oy turbine ne drill to deploy oy a mono-pi pile. e. onto o the mono-pi pile. e.

II II – Ti Tidal l En Energy y Innov ovati ation on - Ve Vesse sels ls Main Characte acteristics: ristics:  Catamaran aran Hull of 4000 00 tonnes nes  6m Draft  4 Voith h Schnei hneider der power ered ed by  8DGs Dynam amic Positi tioni oning ng up to 10 knots ots  on to 25 Crew of 12 – Accom ommodat modation  Key Design gn Paramete meters: rs:  operate ate for 90% of the tidal cycle. e.  giving ng 4 t times the daily working ng  capab ability ty in a t tidal race when compar pared ed to a c conventi nventional onal DP vessel el. and at highl hly competi petiti tive e rates,  when compar pared ed to larger er offshor hore e cons nstruct ruction on vessel els.

General Arrangement

Deck Layout ut – Tidal al Energy gy Turbine bine Installatio tallation - Single le Turbin ine

Deck Layout ut – Tidal al Energy gy Turbine bine Installatio tallation - Multi tipl ple Small l Turbine bines

II II – Ti Tidal l En Energy y Innov ovati ation on - Ve Vesse sels ls HF4 v OCV – Installation Days HF4 v OCV – Net Financial Benefits HF4 v OCV instal all 100MW W array: ay: HF4 v OCV yield & net benefits: fits: • time – 2.3 years rs v 5.4 OCV years s = • yield – 3.1 years rs at UK stri rike ke 3.1 years s saved. d. prices es = £154M M gained. d. • cost – £55K day rate e + 3.1 year early y • net benefit fit = insta tall llati ation on saving ngs s & = £111M M saved. d. early y yield d = £265M. M.