Leading ading th the world rld in marine rine renewabl newables: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Leading ading th the world rld in marine rine renewabl newables: es:

a decade’s worth of British experience in wave & tidal energy

Commodore Steven Jermy RN CMarTech FIMarEST FNI

Structure

• Strategic Context
• Marine Renewables Lessons Learned
• Wave Energy
• Tidal Energy
• South Africa’s Opportunity

So South h West t UK K – Marine ne En Energy y Ex Experie ienc nce

Academic research hotspot Excellent natural resources Innovative regional businesses Maritime & industrial heritage

mojo maritime

1970’s 2004 2006 2009 2012 TODAY

Marine Operations Management Engineering Consultancy R&D projects

Reducing the cost of energy for marine renewables

2011

Local Marine Contracting Richard Parkinson acquires the business Formation of Ocean Dynamics Group Entry into marine renewables Success in tidal projects Company restructuring New investment New Directors TIDE WAVE WIND

THE MOJO MARITIME TIMELINE

The Strategic Context for Energy

Cl

Clima mate te Ch Chan ange ge

Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum Current Trends

7

Global Energy Context

Oil & Gas Industry – CAPEX v Strategic Yield

Global

al En Energy gy Contex ext

Global Demand Global Supply

Ec Economics ics & & Debt

G7 Total Debt-to-GDP Ratios

Global al En Energy gy Contex ext

Energy Return on Energy Invested Economic Growth & Energy

Ec Economic ic Growth th

Limits to Growth

Marine Renewable Energy Lessons Learned

Offshore hore Wind Tidal Wave

Offs fsho hore e Renewabl bles es

– Engi gineering neering: – Pc v yield – power density ty & oceanogr anography aphy – array science ence & oceanogr anography aphy – Operati tional

• nal:

– build d to instal tall – build d to survive – build d to connec nnect t – build d to array – build d to O&M – Commerci rcial al: – Risk capi pital tal v return – Yield d v C CAPE PEX X v OPEX – LCOE

Lesson

• ns Learne

ned d To Date

Tidal

Wave

14

Offshore Energy Supply Cycles

15 Cycle Oil & Gas Offshore Wind Wave Tide Explore ✗✗✗ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ Map ✗✗✗ ✓ ✓✓ ✓✓✓ Predict Time ✓✓✓ ✗✗ ✗✗ ✓✓ Power ✓✓✓ ✗ ✓✓ ✓✓✓ Direction − ✗ ✓✗ ✓✓✓ Extract Technology ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✗ ✓ Balance of Plant ✓✓✓ ✓✓ ✗ ✗✗ Supply Chain ✗✗ ✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Cost ✗✗ ✓✓ ✗✗ ✗✗✗ Field Reserves ✗✗✗ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ Decommission ✗✗ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓

Wave & Tidal Energy Prospects

– Cost reducti tion

• n step

p change ange oppor portuni unity ty more obvious

• us in tidal

al – An oppor

• rtuni

tunity ty to drive e down the cost per MW through ugh innov

• vati

ation

• n in:
• Foundat

ndation

• n Optimisat

ation

• n
• Instal

allati ation

• n methodol
• dology
• gy and vessel

el selec ecti tion

• n
• Cable

e connec necti tion

• n (current

ent elephant phant in the room)

• Cable

e Instal allat ation

• n – current

ent poor relati tion

• n
• O&M methodol

hodology

• gy

16

Wave Energy

WAV AVE E PO POWER ER

Wave ve powe wer r availabl able to a wave ve energy rgy conver verter er is calcul culated ed by:

P = P = ( (ρg/64 g/64π) ) * (h (h2λ)

Where: re:

• ρ = water density
• g = g

gravity ty

• h = w

wave height ght

• λ = w

wave e period

• d

Key Points: ts:

• wave

e power r decay ays quickly with depth, h, as functi tion

• n of λ
• wave

e power r is enhanc anced ed or r reduc uced ed by refraction

• n as a r

resul ult of bottom

• m

topogr

• graphy

aphy

18

WAV AVE E PO POWER ER

19

Pelami amis Carnegi egie Wello Anac aconda

• nda

WAVEHUB

20

WaveHub

In the water er and open for business ess

21

Tidal Energy

Ti Tidal l St Stream am Po Power

Offsho fshore re (and onshore) re) wind and tidal l power r available lable from m a horizon zonta tal l axis turbin ine is calculated ulated from: m: P = ½ ρ e π r2

2 u3

Where: re:

• ρ = water density
• e = turbine power coeff

fficie cient

• r = blade

e radius us

• u = tidal

l stre ream am velocity city Key Points: ts:

• u3

3 matt

tters rs more than n π r2

2

• 1/7th

th power law for power

r loss s with depth

• losses

es of speed in the wake limit t on overal all yield

• turbine arrays

ys are typica ically ly be spaced at 8-10D 10D

23

Po Power Density ity

24

Tidal al Offshore

• re Wind

Tid idal al v Win ind d – Sim imila ilarities rities & Dif ifferen ferences ces

• Well

ll known

• wn tidal

adva vantage ages:

• chrono

hronolog

• gical

ical predic edictabil abilit ity

• sub-sur

surface ace

25

• Less

ss well know

• wn tidal

al adv dvantages antages:

• dire

recti ction

• nal

al predic edictabil tability ity

• power

wer dens nsity ty

• fluid dept

pth v turb rbine ne diame meter er

Tidal Energy Challenge

Pentl tlan and Firth, th, Inner er Sound, d, Scotland tland – 10kts s = 5 ms-1

The Sector Focus

• Deployment, installation, and

O&M account for 50% of a typical marine energy deployment.

• The industry focus is turning:
• from turbines.
• to foundations & multiple

turbine arrays.

• seeking cost reduction,

through rapid innovation.  The science to maximise yield revenue also needs to be developed.

27

Technol hnologi gica cal l focus us – founda dati tion

• ns

s & instal talla latio tion n metho hods

Gravity Base Foundations

28

Pile Foundations ‘Jack Up’ Barges & Dynamic Positioning Vessels

I – Tidal Energy Innovation - Foundations

• Tidal Turbine Foundation:
• Gravity base – approx 1000 tonne per iMW – expensive –

difficult to install

• Pile – 100 tonne per iMW – topside drilling required -

• Jack

ack Up Ba Barges rges:

• Possibl

ble e stabi bility/VIV /VIV issues ues

• Suscepti

eptibl ble e to weather her downt ntime me

• Depth

h limited ted

• Expensi

pensive e day rates

• Restricted

ted avai ailabi ability ty

• DP

DP Vessels ls:

• Expens

pensive e Day Rates

• Limited

ted DP perfor

• rmanc

mance

II II – Ti Tidal l En Energy y Innov

• vati

ation

• n - Ve

Vesse sels ls

30

Environment Data

• 24hr (Feb 2013)

Tidal Energy Challenge

• 5

5

TIDAL CURRENT (m/s)

1 2 3

WAVE HEIGHT (Hs, m)

5 10 15 20

WIND SPEED (m/s)

£10

• Environmental Conditions

Tidal Energy Challenge

• 5

5

TIDAL CURRENT (m/s)

1 2 3

WAVE HEIGHT (Hs, m)

5 10 15 20

WIND SPEED (m/s)

£10

• Environmental Conditions

Tidal Energy Challenge

• 5

5

TIDAL CURRENT (m/s)

1 2 3

WAVE HEIGHT (Hs, m)

5 10 15 20

WIND SPEED (m/s)

£10

• Environmental Conditions
• Vessel utilisation 10~15%

Tidal Energy Challenge

• 5

5

TIDAL CURRENT (m/s)

1 2 3

WAVE HEIGHT (Hs, m)

5 10 15 20

WIND SPEED (m/s)

£10

• Environmental Conditions
• Vessel utilisation 10~15%
• Very sensitive to weather risk

Tidal Energy Challenge

• 5

5

TIDAL CURRENT (m/s)

1 2 3

WAVE HEIGHT (Hs, m)

5 10 15 20

WIND SPEED (m/s)

£10

• Environmental Conditions
• Vessel utilisation 90~95%

Tidal Energ rgy y – System tems s Approach ach

Stage ge 1 – use Bauer er sub-sea ea drill to deploy

• y a mono-pi

pile. e. Stage ge 2 – deploy

• y turbine

ne

• nto
• the mono-pi

pile. e.

• Main Characte

acteristics: ristics:

• Catamaran

aran Hull of 4000 00 tonnes nes

• 6m Draft
• 4 Voith

h Schnei hneider der power ered ed by 8DGs

• Dynam

amic Positi tioni

• ning

ng up to 10 knots

• ts
• Crew of 12 – Accom
• mmodat

modation

• n to 25
• Key Design

gn Paramete meters: rs:

• perate

ate for 90% of the tidal cycle. e.

• giving

ng 4 t times the daily working ng capab ability ty in a t tidal race when compar pared ed to a c conventi nventional

• nal DP

vessel el.

• and at highl

hly competi petiti tive e rates, when compar pared ed to larger er offshor hore e cons nstruct ruction

• n vessel

els.

II II – Ti Tidal l En Energy y Innov

• vati

ation

• n - Ve

Vesse sels ls

General Arrangement

Deck Layout ut – Tidal al Energy gy Turbine bine Installatio tallation - Single le Turbin ine

Deck Layout ut – Tidal al Energy gy Turbine bine Installatio tallation - Multi tipl ple Small l Turbine bines

II II – Ti Tidal l En Energy y Innov

• vati

ation

• n - Ve

Vesse sels ls

HF4 v OCV – Installation Days HF4 v OCV – Net Financial Benefits

HF4 v OCV instal all 100MW W array: ay:

• time – 2.3 years

rs v 5.4 OCV years s = 3.1 years s saved. d.

• cost

– £55K day rate e + 3.1 year early y = £111M M saved. d. HF4 v OCV yield & net benefits: fits:

• yield – 3.1 years

rs at UK stri rike ke prices es = £154M M gained. d.

• net benefit

fit = insta tall llati ation

• n saving

ngs s & early y yield d = £265M. M.

III I – Ti Tidal l En Energy y Innov

• vatio

ation n - Cables es

MeyGen Gen – Expo port rt Cable e Stability bility Analysis ysis

44

IV V – Ti Tidal l En Energy gy Innov

• vati

ation

• n – O&M

&M

Mojo performing forming Blade Change 2010, , and Powertrai rtrain Change 2011

V V – Ti Tidal l En Energy y Innov

• vati

ation

• n

Critical to array design & electrical yield

45

Turbine Interaction

South Africa’s Opportunities

So South h Af Africa can n Wave En Energy y Oppor

• rtun

tunity ity

So South h Af Africa can n Ti Tidal l En Energy gy Opportu rtuni nity ty

So South h Af Africa can n Oc Ocean an Cu Current ent Op Opportun rtunity ity

So South h Af Africa can n Bu Busines ness s Opportu rtunit nity

50

Renewab ables es grow at 8.2% per annum m to 2030 Tidal l & Wave Energy gy grow at 64% per annum to 2025

Conclusions

Global

al En Energy gy Contex ext

Global Demand Global Supply

Offshore hore Wind Tidal Wave

Offs fsho hore e Renewabl bles es

Offshore Energy Supply Cycles

54 Cycle Oil & Gas Offshore Wind Wave Tide Explore ✗✗✗ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ Map ✗✗✗ ✓ ✓✓ ✓✓✓ Predict Time ✓✓✓ ✗✗ ✗✗ ✓✓ Power ✓✓✓ ✗ ✓✓ ✓✓✓ Direction − ✗ ✓✗ ✓✓✓ Extract Technology ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✗ ✓ Balance of Plant ✓✓✓ ✓✓ ✗ ✗✗ Supply Chain ✗✗ ✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ Cost ✗✗ ✓✓ ✗✗ ✗✗✗ Field Reserves ✗✗✗ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ Decommission ✗✗ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓

Th The Re Renewa wable ble En Energy y Ou Outlook

• ok

55

Renewab ables es grow at 8.2% per annum m to 2030 Tidal l & Wave Energy gy grow at 64% per annum to 2025