ISCO of TCE-Impacted Groundwater in Bedrock through an Enhanced - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ISCO of TCE-Impacted Groundwater in Bedrock through an Enhanced Fracture Network Omer J. U Uppa ppal , , Bria ian B Blum, P , P.G., K ., Kyle yle W War arren, , Erica S a Sterzin inar ar, S , Stewar art A Abram ams, s, P P.E.

PRESENTATION OUTLINE • Site Background • COCs, geology/hydrogeology, remedial objective previous ISCO remedial actions/timeline • ISCO Implementation - 2011 • Enhanced Fracture Network • Permanganate Injections • Post-Remediation Results • Next Steps • Technical Impracticability

SITE BACKGROUND • 200-Acre Industrial R&D Facility since the 1940s • Trichloroethene (TCE) plume 200-Acr 200 cre S e Site w e withi hin the identified in the early 1980s New ewar ark B k Basi sin` n` • The plume occupies an area of approximately 3 million square feet. • ISRA triggered in 1996 Chatham, New Jersey U.S.G.S. Topographic Quadrangle

INTERMEDIATE ZONE TCE PLUME SOURCE ZONE “B” SOURCE ZONE “A” G:Data9\1734904\Cadd Data\Dwg\Powerpoint\Langan Env Wkshp\TCE Contours-Intermediate2.dwg

INTERMEDIATE ZONE TCE PLUME SOURCE ZONE “B” This image cannot currently be displayed. SOURCE ZONE “A” G:Data9\1734904\Cadd Data\Dwg\Powerpoint\Langan Env Wkshp\TCE Contours-Int Oct 2003.dwg

SITE GEOLOGY • Four stratigraphic units • Glacial Till • Saprolite Columnar Basalt – Target Formation • • Feltville Formation • Vertical faults and columnar nature of joints likely facilitated vertical migration of contaminants. • Poorly connected fractures form a complex network with low hydraulic connectivity.

SITE CONCEPTUAL MODEL

PREVIOUS REMEDIAL ACTIVITIES INTERMEDIATE ZONE TCE PLUME • DNAPL Source Zone Pilot Tests • Implementation of SVE Pilot Test – 2003 • Implementation of ISCO Pilot Test – 2003 • Blast fracture trenches NOVEMBER 2005 installation – 2006 • 51,024 gallons (31,320 lbs.) 2.5% Potassium Permanganate & 10% Sodium Permanganate solution injected from 2003 to 2009 JANUARY 2008

REMEDIAL ACTIVITIES INTERMEDIATE ZONE TCE PLUME • 9 Blast fracture trenches totaling approximately 21,400 linear feet were installed onsite to facilitate chemical oxidant injections. • 327 blast and injection boreholes JANUARY 2008 SEPTEMBER 2011

TRENCH CROSS SECTION KMnO 4 /NaMnO 4

TRENCH LAYOUT

ISCO INJECTION - 2011 INTERMEDIATE ZONE TCE PLUME • Additional Injections October through November 2011 • The objective was to mitigate the residual “source” of TCE groundwater plume with concentrations greater than 1,000 ppb. SEPTEMBER 2011

ISCO INJECTION - 2011 • 43,200 gallons (9,151 lbs.) 2.5% Potassium Permanganate solution injected into 32 intermediate injection wells and 8 deep injection wells • Hydraulic fracturing • Injection pressures were up to 100 PSI.

ISCO INJECTION - 2011 • Techniques used to facilitate oxidant delivery • Specially designed oxidant distribution manifolds • High pressure wellhead assemblies • Overnight gravity feed injection scheme

BEDROCK INJECTION STRATEGY • Six deep injection wells and 1 Intermediate injection well were hydro-fractured to facilitate chemical oxidant injections. • Overnight gravity feed to facilitate improved injection rates. • The project scope was finished several weeks ahead of schedule and under budget due to these aggressive injection strategies .

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING OVERBURDEN OVERBURDEN WEATHERED BEDROCK WEATHERED BEDROCK BASALT BASALT • Fracturing of rock by a pressurized liquid • Increases connectivity of aquifer and well yield Performed by Northeast Water Production, Inc. • • Direct hydraulic connection was observed at several injection wells, as a function of water level fluctuations, water table mounding in well casings, and limited daylighting (surfacing) following hydro-fracturing.

ISCO ACTIVITIES TOTAL OF ALL ISCO ACTIVITIES Potassium Sodium 10% Modified Permanganate Permanganate Fenton's Reagent (lbs.) (KMnO 4 equiv. lbs.) 1 (gallons) Pilot Test 4,320 -- -- October 2003 to December 2003 Interim Remedial Measure 5,870 18,480 1,270 June 2006 to November 2007 DNAPL Entry Zone Oxidant Placement 1,600 200 -- October 2007 Supplemental Injections 850 -- -- October to November 2009 Additional Injections 9,150 -- -- October to November 2011 Totals 21,790 18,680 1,270 GRAND TOTAL 40,470 pounds

REMEDIAL ACTION RESULTS INTERMEDIATE ZONE

REMEDIAL ACTION RESULTS DEEP 1 ZONE

REMEDIAL ACTION RESULTS

REMEDIAL ACTION RESULTS • Reduction in size of groundwater plume • 71% reduction in intermediate bedrock zone • 21% reduction in deep 1 bedrock zone • Reduction in average TCE concentrations by 88% • Elimination of DNAPL Source Zones • Remaining plume TCE concentrations are expected to decrease over time

TECHNICAL IMPRACTABILITY WAIVER • Groundwater contamination depth extends up to 585 feet bgs. • Fracture diameter, spacing, orientation, vertical extent, and connectivity within and between formations cannot be accurately determined. • Dissolved TCE contamination has diffused into interstitial spaces, dead-end fractures and solution voids along contaminated fracture flow paths. • Approximately 1.6 million square feet of the plume underlies a developed residential area. • Limitations of subsurface remediation technologies

ONGOING ACTIVITIES • Polishing Injection – August 2014 • Injected 2,711 gallons of 5% sodium permanganate • 16 IW’s • Two rounds of post-injection sampling • Concentrations up to 30,000 ppb remaining in limited areas approximately 100 feet into the bedrock

ONGOING ACTIVITIES… • Planned Polishing Injection • Scheduled for October 2014 • Injection of 8,650 gallons of 5% sodium permanganate • 8 converted MW’s and 21 IW’s • Gravity feed injection • Post-injection sampling

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