Is Waste a Good Source of Energy? Dr. Jeffrey Morris Sound - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Is Waste a Good Source of Energy? Dr. Jeffrey Morris Sound - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Is Waste a Good Source of Energy? Dr. Jeffrey Morris Sound Resource Management Group, Inc. Olympia, WA 98502 jeff.morris@zerowaste.com Tel 360.867.1033 Earth, Wind & Fire Energy Summit -- Oct 4, 2014 Energy Savings from Recycling vs.

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SLIDE 1

Is Waste a Good Source

  • f Energy?
  • Dr. Jeffrey Morris

Sound Resource Management Group, Inc. Olympia, WA 98502 jeff.morris@zerowaste.com Tel 360.867.1033

Earth, Wind & Fire Energy Summit -- Oct 4, 2014

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SLIDE 2

Energy Savings from Recycling vs. Energy Generated from Combustion/Gasification of MSW Materials

50 100 150 200 250

Alum Cans PET Bottles HDPE Bottles Newspapers Cardboard Tin Cans Glass Bottles

Virgin-Content Production Recycled-Content Production Recycling Energy Conservation WTE Electricity Generation Million Btus per Ton WTE = Waste-to-Energy MSW = Municipal Solid Waste

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SLIDE 3

MSW WTE Facility, Spokane, WA

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MSW WTE Pollution Control Equipment

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SLIDE 5

Carbon Footprints for Electricity Generation

Sources: Kim, H. C.; Fthenakis, V.; Choi J-K.; Turney, D. E., 2012. Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Thin-film Photovoltaic Electricity Generation – Systematic Review and Harmonization. Journal of Industrial Ecology 16 (S1): S110-S121; Morris, J., 2010. Bury or burn North American MSW? LCAs provide answers for climate impacts & carbon neutral power potential. Environmental Science & Technology 44 (20): 7944- 7949; Morris, J., 2014. Recycle, Bury, or Burn Wood Waste Biomass? Journal of Industrial Ecology, in peer review; and Whitaker, M. B.; Heath, G. A.; Burkhardt, III, J. J.; Turchi, C. S., 2013. Life Cycle Assessment of a Power Tower Concentrating Solar Plant and the Impacts of Key Design

  • Alternatives. Environmental Science & Technology 47 ( ): 5896-5903.

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 Solar Natural Gas Coal MSW WTE Film Plastic WTE Wood WTE GHG Emissions (pounds CO2e) per kWh

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Motivations for Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)

  • Provide environmental performance assessments

for competing products or services

  • Evaluate environmental impacts that are otherwise

not counted or are discounted in making choices

  • Provide assessments of multidimensional

environmental impacts in monetary units in order to compare against the economic bottom line

  • Connect the dots in complex systems
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SLIDE 7

Schematic of a Product’s Life Cycle

Raw Materials Acquisition Materials Manufacture Product Manufacture Product Use

  • r

Consumption Recovery, Recycle, Landfill, WTE Conversion Reuse

Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy

Environmental Pollution Environmental Pollution Environmental Pollution Environmental Pollution Environmental Pollution

Energy

Material Recycling

Product Reuse

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SLIDE 8

WTE vs. Recycling Climate Impacts Paper & Cardboard

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SLIDE 9

WTE vs. Recycling Climate Impacts Film Plastic (LDPE)

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SLIDE 10

Wood Chip Piles, 49 MW Biomass Plant Anderson, CA

Source: Dr. Mary Booth, Partnership for Policy Integrity, www.pfpi.net

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Life Cycle Environmental Impacts for Clean Wood Waste – Recycle, Bury or Burn

  • 3.0

0.0 3.0 Climate Change Acidification Eutrophication Respiratory Diseases Non-Cancers Cancers Ecotoxicity Monetized Overall Score

Number of Std. Dev. Above/(Below) Mean

Reconstituted Wood Paper Pulp Fuel (NGas Sub) Fuel (Coal Sub) LFGTE (75%) LF Flare (75%) LF Vent (0%) WTE

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SLIDE 12

Monetization Estimates

  • Climate Change – eCO2 @ $50 per ton
  • Acidification – eSO2 @ $290 per ton
  • Eutrophication – eN @ $4 per ton
  • Human Health-Respiratory – ePM2.5 @ $10,000 per ton
  • Human Health-Non-Cancers – eToluene @ $30 per ton
  • Human Health-Cancers – eBenzene @ $3,030 per ton
  • Ecotoxicity – e2,4-D @ $3,280 per ton
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SLIDE 13

Source Separated Recycling Rates (Seattle 2012) vs. Multi-Family Mixed Waste Processing Recovery Rates

Single- Family Multi- Family Commercial Self-Haul Total Multi-Family Dirty MRF Newspaper 96% 83% 79% 18 86% 35 Cardboard 92 80 88 34 86 75 Mixed Paper 87 67 74 5 72 35 Plastics 29 14 15 1 16 50 Glass 92 76 77 20 82 30 Metals 55 22 72 57 62 75 Wood ? Yard Debris 99 56 93 79 94 ? Food Waste 62 9 55 51 ? Total 71% 32% 61% 11% 55% 25% + ?%

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Source Separated Recycling & Composting Trends for Seattle, WA

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What Do We Do with Residual Wastes as They Decline – MRBT, LFGTE or WTE?

  • 2.00
  • 1.00

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 MRBT HI MRBT LO LFGTE 80% LFGTE 40% WTE

  • 1.02
  • 0.50
  • 0.23

2.06 0.38

Monetized Overall Environmental Impact

(Standard deviations above(+)/below(-) the average impact for all options)

Report available at ww.ecocycle.org/specialreports/leftovers

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SLIDE 16

Sources

  • Morris, J., 1996. Recycling versus incineration: An energy

conservation analysis, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 47 (1-3 Special Issue on Energy-from-Waste): 277-293.

  • Morris, J., 2005. Comparative LCAs for curbside recycling

versus either landfilling or incineration with energy recovery. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 10(4): 273- 284.

  • Morris, J., 2010. Bury or burn North American MSW? LCAs

provide answers for climate impacts & carbon neutral power

  • potential. Environmental Science & Technology 44(20):

7944-7949.

  • Morris, J., Matthews, H.S., Morawski, C., 2013. Review and

meta-analysis of 82 studies on end-of-life management methods for source separated organics. Waste Management 33: 545-551.

  • Morris, J., 2014. Recycle, bury or burn clean wood waste.

Journal of Industrial Ecology, in peer review.

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SLIDE 17

Thank you.

  • Dr. Jeffrey Morris

Sound Resource Management Group, Inc. Olympia, WA 98502 jeff.morris@zerowaste.com Tel 360.867.1033