Environmental Impacts through Geothermal Power Generation in Germany - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ENGINE Workshop 6, Athens, 14 September 2007 Environmental Impacts through Geothermal Power Generation in Germany A study for the Federal Environment Agency of Germany Stephanie Frick, Christiane Lohse, Martin Kaltschmitt Institute for Energy and Environment (IE) Federal Environment Agency of Germany (UBA)

Introduction � Geothermal energy has experienced a rising interest in Germany � A wider use needs to result in general benefits for the environment compared to the existing alternatives � The environmental impacts need to be analysed at the beginning of the market introduction The Federal Environment Agency of Germany (UBA) has commissioned a study

Approach of the study Subsurface systems 1 Surface systems Status of geothermal power production Plant-specific conditions 2 Legal conditions Environmental Analysis and Evaluation Local impact assessment Life Cycle Assessment 3 4 Conclusions and advices 5

Subsurface systems 1 Surface systems Status of geothermal power production Plant-specific conditions 2 Legal conditions Environmental Analysis and Evaluation Local impact assessment Life Cycle Assessment 3 4 Conclusions and advices 5

Geothermal reference systems Aquifer-Doublets for power (& heat) Regions with hydro-geoth. North German Basin energy resources Reservoir depth 4.4 km Brine temp. 150°C Rostock Flow rate 100 m 3 /h El. capacity 1 MW Hamburg (Th. capacity 2 MW) Berlin Hannover Leipzig Dresden Köln South German Molasse Basin Frankfurt Reservoir depth 3.4 km Brine temp. 120°C Flow rate 550 m 3 /h Upper Rhine Valley Reservoir depth 3.0 km El. gross power 3 MW Stuttgart Brine temp. 150°C (Th. capacity 13 MW) München Flow rate 150 m 3 /h El. capacity 3MW (Th. capacity 7 MW)

Non-geothermal reference systems for power (& heat) Renewable energies Fossil energies � � Solid Biomass Lignite � � Biogas Hard coal � � Photovoltaik Natural gas � Wind � Hydropower

Subsurface systems 1 Surface systems Status of geothermal power production Plant-specific conditions 2 Legal conditions Environmental Analysis and Evaluation Local impact assessment 3 Life Cycle Assessment 4 Conclusions and advices 5

Life Cycle Assessment - Methodology - � Consumption of finite energy carrier (KEA-Equivalent) � Anthropogenic greenhouse effect (CO 2 -Equivalent) � Acidification of natural eco-systems (SO 2 -Equivalent) � Emissions with eutrophication potential (PO 3 4 - Equivalent) � Potential of ground-level ozone synthesis (POCP-Equivalent) � …

Life Cycle Assessment - Approach - � LCA geothermal reference systems � Sensitivity analysis influence of: � Plant size (stimulation, borehole concept, flow rate) � Power plant cycle (ORC, Kalina) � Cooling cycle (wet cooling tower, dry condensation) � Drilling rig input (diesel driven, electricity driven) � Technical lifetime � System boarder (net-electr. and gross-electr. balancing) � LCA non-geothermal systems

... Verbr. ersch. Ressourcen in GJ/MWh 1,4 0,10 KEA-Equ in GJ/MWh CO 2 -Equ in t/MWh ... 1,2 2 -Äquivalent in t/MWh 0,08 1,0 0,06 0,8 0,6 - Exemplary results (power) - 0,04 0,4 CO 0,02 Life Cycle Assessment 0,2 0,0 0,00 ORG 3MW* S DMB 3MW* NDB 1MW* ORG SDMB NDB 0,10 0,70 3MW* 3MW* 1MW* 4 -Equ in kg/MWh SO 2 -Equ in kg/MWh ... ... 4 -Äquivalent in kg/MWh SO 2 -Äquivalent in kg/MWh 0,60 0,08 0,50 0,06 0,40 0,30 0,04 0,20 PO PO 3 0,02 0,10 0,00 0,00 ORG 3MW* S DMB 3MW* NDB 1MW* ORG SDMB NDB 0,05 URV SGMB NGB POCP -Equ in kg/MWh 3MW* 3MW* 1MW* ... POCP-Äquivalent in kg/MWh 0,04 * Aquifer-Dublette mit ORC (Nasskühlturm), Aquifer-Doublet with ORC plant Nettoeinspeisung (wet cooling tower); net-power assessment 0,03 ORG Oberrheingraben; URV Upper Rhine Valley SDMB Süddeutsches Molassebecken; 0,02 SGMB South-German Molasse Bassin NDB Norddeutsches Becken; NGB North-German Bassin 0,01 Bau unter Tage subsurface constr. Bau über Tage surface constr. operation Betrieb Abriss deconstruction 0,00 ORG SDMB NDB URV SGMB NGB 3MW* 3MW* 1MW*

... Verbr. ersch. Ressourcen in GJ/MWh 6 0,6 KEA-Equ in GJ/MWh CO 2 -Equ in t/MWh ... 0,3 2 -Äquivalent in t/MWh 0 0,0 - Exemplary results (power&heat) - -6 -0,3 -0,6 -12 -0,9 CO -18 Life Cycle Assessment -1,2 -24 -1,5 ORG 3MW* S DMB 3MW* NDB 1MW* ORG SDMB NDB 1,0 0,10 3MW* 3MW* 1MW* 4 -Equ in kg/MWh SO 2 -Equ in kg/MWh ... SO 2 -Äquivalent in kg/MWh ... 4 -Äquivalent in kg/MWh 0,5 0,05 0,0 0,00 -0,5 -0,05 -1,0 PO 3 -0,10 PO -1,5 -0,15 ORG 3MW* S DMB 3MW* NDB 1MW* ORG SDMB NDB URV SGMB NGB 0,08 3MW* 3MW* 1MW* POCP -Equ in kg/MWh ... POCP-Äquivalent in kg/MWh 0,04 * Aquifer-Doublet with ORC plant (wet cooling * Aquifer-Dublette mit ORC (Nasskühlturm) tower) + heat supply; net-power assessment + Restwärmeauskopplung, Nettoeinspeisung 0,00 URV Upper Rhine Valley ORG Oberrheingraben; -0,04 SGMB South-German Molasse Bassin SDMB Süddeutsches Molassebecken; NGB North-German Bassin NDB Norddeutsches Becken; -0,08 Bau unter Tage Bau über Tage subsurface constr. surface constr. -0,12 Betrieb deconstruction Abriss operation sum Wärmegutschrift Summe heat credit -0,16 ORG SDMB NDB URV SGMB NGB 3MW* 3MW* 1MW*

Life Cycle Assessment - Exemplary results (power) - Bau, Abriss Bau, Abriss Betrieb Betrieb Brennstoffbereitstellung Brennstoffbereitstellung Gutschriften Gutschriften Summe Summe (de-)construct. operation fuel provision credits sum Bau, Abriss Betrieb Brennstoffbereitstellung Gutschriften Summe (de-)construct. operation fuel provision credits sum POCP-Equ in PO 3 4 -Equ in CO 2 -Equ in SO 2 -Equ in KEA-Equ in o m Verbr. ersch. Energie- a PO 4 -Äquivalentin kg/MWh SO 2 -Äquivalentin kg/MWh CO 2 -Äquivalentin t/MWh kg/MWh POCP-Äquivalent in kg/MWh kg/MWh t/MWh s GJ/MWh kg/MWh ressourcen in GJ//MWh s e i o v m e -0,025 r a 0,000 0,025 0,050 0,075 0,100 b Biomass -0,05 s r s 0,00 0,05 0,10 0,15 -0,5 -0,4 -0,2 . 0,0 0,2 0,4 e 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2 v 0 -1 e 0 1 2 3 4 M r g W . 2 0 M 1 1 1 1 W B i o g a Biogas s 5 0 0 k W P V -0,7 (Gutschrift) -0,07 (Summe) -12,7 (Gutschrift) 7,2 (Summe) 5 -2,4 (Gutschrift) 0,4 (Summe) k P W k V r p a 1 f PV sum t M o W n d s p k h r o a r f t e n o 2 d n k , s 5 r a h M f o W t r o e f Wind f 5 s M h o W r W e 5 a M s s W e r W k r a a s f t s Hydro 3 e 0 r k 0 r k a W f o t 3 t h 0 e M r m o W t h i e e O r m R e i e G o t S 3 h D M e r M W m Geo B i e 3 N M D W B 1 M E W r d S g t a e s i n 8 k B o Fossil 0 r h 0 a l M u e n W 8 k 0 o 7,2 8,7 8,9 0 h M l e W 8 0 0,8 1,0 0 M W