Downstream Process Impact Assessment Kadambari Lokesh (University of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Downstream Process Impact Assessment Kadambari Lokesh (University of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Sustainability Transition Assessment and Research of Bio-based Products Grant Agreement Number 727740 Downstream Process Impact Assessment Kadambari Lokesh (University of York) Partners: University of Santiago Compostela, Spain Quantis,

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www.STAR-ProBio.eu Funded by the EU H2020 Programme Sustainability Transition Assessment and Research of Bio-based Products Grant Agreement Number 727740

Downstream Process Impact Assessment

Kadambari Lokesh (University of York) Partners: University of Santiago Compostela, Spain Quantis, Switzerland Agricultural University of Athens, Greece; University of Warmia-Mazury, Poland

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www.STAR-ProBio.eu Funded by the EU H2020 Programme

The Aim….

To develop an environmental impact assessment framework for the bio-based products that will feed into the overall (environmental, economic and social impact) assessment blueprint

To create a level-playing field for the comparison of bio-based products and their commercially equivalent counterparts; To expand on the existing set of sustainability criteria [beyond those defined in the EN16751]; To evaluate and optimise the expanded criteria, in terms of effectiveness and performance within the overall environmental impact assessment framework.

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Environmental Framework Development

Methodologies employed for measuring sustainability

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Selection of Environmental Indicators

From Life Cycle Assessment methodology

Impact category Measured as Method employed

Global warming potential (Biogenic) kgCO2eq PEFCR 6.3 Water scarcity m3 water deprived equivalents PEFCR 6.3 Particulate matter Disease incidence PEFCR 6.3 UNEP recommended Fossil resource depletion (ADP) MJ CML 2002 (PEFCR 6.3) Acidification mol H+eq PEFCER 6.3; accumulated exceedance Eutrophication (terrestrial and freshwater) mol N-eq and mol P-eq EUTREND in ReCiPe 2008 and Accumulated exceedance Seppäla et al. (2006) Air-quality PM, disease incidence PEFCR 6.3 Human toxicity , cancer CTUh USETOX (PEFCR 6.3)

Based on a previous review of literature (Deliverable 2.1), a selection of LCA indicators that would quantify the sustainability credentials of the bio-based products were identified

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From Resource Efficiency and Green Chemistry principles

Resource efficiency indicators Measured as Life cycle phase

Hazardous Chemical use Qualitative (Red/Green flag) Manufacturing; potentially end-of life Feedstock efficiency kg of feedstock per functional unit (FU) Manufacturing; Packaging; Recycling induced re-use Waste-factor kg of waste per FU All Downstream processes Process material efficiency (also capturing water use efficiency) % All Downstream processes Renewability % Manufacturing Energy Intensity kWh per FU All Downstream processes

Literature review outcomes : 75+ non-LCA indicators were reviewed to identify indicators that could address biomass transformation, energy consumption, water consumption, process auxiliaries usage, hazardous products and waste / avoidance; To create linkages between the resource efficiency characteristics and economic parameters

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From Resource Efficiency and Green Chemistry principles

Resource efficiency indicators Measured as Life cycle phase

Presence of Hazardous chemical Qualitative (Red/Green flag) End-of-life : Recycling and composting EoL Waste factor kg of waste per FU All EoL phases except disposal EoL process material circularity % All EoL phases except disposal EoL Energy Intensity (Material recovery) kWh per FU Mainly for recycling processes EoL Energy Intensity (Incineration with ER) kWh per FU Mainly for incineration with energy recovery EoL Energy Intensity (No material or energy recovery) kWh per FU For Incineration without energy recovery Product circularity Circularity score between ‘0’ and ‘3’ For all EOL phases

For End of life impact assessment, indicators that address the presence of potentially hazardous substances, secondary material utilisation, waste minimisation, product and process circularity have been presented.

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Case study application

Case studies were selected based on the

  • utcomes of WP1-

related activities. This tables summarises the case study characteristics, sources reference flows and functional unit (FU) adopted for applicable methodologies.

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Exemplary Case study: Biaxially-oriented Polylactic acid packaging film

* Production process only Analysis starts from below the red line

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*Consumption and End-of-life (EoL)

Exemplary Case study: Biaxially-oriented Polylactic acid packaging film

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All inputs and

  • utputs associated

to the production process accounted for

Exemplary Case study: Biaxially-oriented Polylactic acid packaging film

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Reporting the Outcomes

– Production process impact assessment for BoPLA Packaging film

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Reporting the Outcomes

– EoL impact assessment for BoPLA Packaging film

Life Cycle impact indicators BoPLA Aerobic composting BoPP Disposal onto a landfill Units per functional unit Global warming potential

  • 4.50×10-3

2.45×10-3 kgCO2eq Respiratory inorganics 6.33×10-11 1.12×10-3 Deaths Human Toxicity, Cancer 6.54×10-12 1.15×10-10 CTUh Acidification, Terrestrial and freshwater 1.39×10-5 9.08×10-6 mol H+ eq Freshwater Eutrophication 6.47×10-7 1.36×10-5 kg P eq Water scarcity 6.57×10-5 8.65×10-6 m3 deprived Fossil resource depletion 9.80×10-6 2.16×10-2 MJ Hybridised Indicators Aerobic composting Disposal onto a landfill Units per functional unit Presence of Hazardous Chemicals

  • Secondary Resource productivity
  • kg of feedstock

EoL Waste factor 2.65×10-3 4.76×10-3 kg of waste EoL Process Material Circularity

  • No data

% Product circularity 2 % EoL Energy intensity 2.71×10-4 9.69×10-4 kWh of energy required

Note: FU = Functional unit (1 packaging film that is 350mm × 250 mm with a thickness of 0.05mm) = Non Hazardous chemical present ; = Hazardous chemical present (substitution required) Mass of BoPLA film: 5.58g ; Mass of BoPP film = 4.67g

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WP3 Deliverables

Environmental impact assessment methodologies, case study application, outcomes and newly recommended sustainability criteria

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Acknowledgements

This project is funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and innovation action under grant agreement No 727740 with the Research Executive Agency (REA) - European Commission. Duration: 36 months (May 2017 – April 2020). Work Programme BB-01-2016: Sustainability schemes for the bio-based economy

Contact

▪ Quantis, Switzerland ▪ Agricultural University of Athens, Greece ▪ University of Santiago Compostela, Spain ▪ University of Warmia-Mazury, Poland Kadambari Lokesh

▪ codnoc-starprobio- project@york.ac.uk

www.star-probio.eu