Is it possible to retrofit and build to Passivhaus standards - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Is it possible to retrofit and build to Passivhaus standards - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 06, 2023 217 likes •569 views

bere:architects 73 Poets Road London N5 2SH T +44(0)20 7359 4503 www.bere.co.uk CIH Manchester 2012 Ideas Exchange, Wed 13th June, 10.00 -10.45 Sustainability Theatre Is it possible to retrofit and build to Passivhaus standards affordably?

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bere:architects 73 Poets Road London N5 2SH T +44(0)20 7359 4503 www.bere.co.uk

CIH Manchester 2012 Ideas Exchange, Wed 13th June, 10.00 -10.45 Sustainability Theatre

Is it possible to retrofit and build to Passivhaus standards affordably?

Justin Bere of twitter: @jbere & @bere:architects | www.bere.co.uk

PRESENTATION INCLUDES CONTENT FUNDED BY THE TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY BOARD’S BUILDING PERFORMANCE EVALUATION PROGRAMME http://goo.gl/ny5vG

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Hotel Post Bezau - Kaufmann Zimmerei Mayville Community Centre - Before Refurb Camden Passivhaus - Bere Architects Mayville Community Centre - During Refurb Lime House - Bere Architects Mayville Community Centre - After Refurb

Affordable Passivhaus Construction

Learning lessons from advanced European timber construction

Affordable Passivhaus Retrofit

Case study of Mayville Community Centre, London

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Hotel Post Bezau - Kaufmann Zimmerei

Low Cost Low Carbon Locally Grown Great for the Local Economy Great for the Environment Perfect for Low Energy Building Reduced Imports for Long Term Security

Affordable Passivhaus Construction

Learning lessons from advanced European timber construction

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Fast, Efficient, Cost Saving Techniques

300mm solid wood studs, screwed and glued - standard practice in Austrian factories High quality wood grown specifically for the demands of the Austrian construction industry Untreated wood - healthy to work with and live in - and easily re-used in the future

Factory of Kaufmann Zimmerei, Reuthe Notice how the factory is beautifully designed by a leading Austrian passivhaus architect, with plentiful natural daylight and made from untreated wood in beautiful, natural colours, with soft fibre-lined walls for acoustics. It speaks of a love of

  • craftsmanship. The company has

been owned by the same family for three generations and is led first and foremost by craftsmen.

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Camden Passivhaus - knowledge transfer of advanced techniques

Camden Passivhaus - Austrian Knowledge Transfer

2008-9 Matthias Kaufmann of Kaufmann Zimmerei worked for 18 months full time in

  • ur London design office.

Timber frame designed, manufactured and installed without a knowledge gap, teaching us advanced timber framing techniques.

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140mm thin nailed timber stud walls being produced at Holbrook, Brigend, 2009

Exploring Welsh Manufacturing Techniques

In 2009 we needed a Welsh manufacturer to build our Building Research Establishment’s 2009 competition-winning design for the Welsh Passivhaus. Rob McLeod, Nick Tune (BRE) introduced us to Holbrook. They mainly produce 140mm thick stud walls for Premier Inns. We need to transform typical UK manufacturing techniques from 140mm nailed panels to the largest possible sections, glued and screwed with s/s screws.

Welsh prototype, completed summer 2010 Notice the difference from the Kaufmann factory: artificial lighting, steel-framed building, metal sheeting, metal shelving, green chemically treated wood. We need a transformation of wood construction philosophy in the UK! We need to move from a primarily business-led industry, to an unambiguosly craftsman-led industry.

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Larch House Passivhaus wall build-up using Austrian timber frame techniques adapted to smaller UK material dimensions. * The unusally large levels of insulation (eg 425mm in the walls) was a precautionary requirement of the brief from BRE Wales, which required us to use 10 year worst case weather data, a requirement subsequently explained by the Passivhaus Institute as being unecessary and adding undue pressures upon the build-cost of the project.

Adapting Welsh Manufacturing Techniques

The largest reasonably easily obtained Welsh softwood studs are 225mm wide. Using a core

  • f 215mm Welsh timber studs, we were able to build up to the full Passivhaus requirements*

However, 3 layers of construction inevitably adds cost compared to Austrian two-layers!

Larch House, completed 2010

  • 1. 225mm untreated softwood stud wall with OSB

board (inside face), Panelvent (outside face), containing mineral wool insulation.

  • 2. Vapour control membrane
  • 3. 100mm services zone containing wood fibre

insulation

  • 4. ‘Eco-joists’ with pressed metal flanges
  • 5. Outer layer of 100mm wood fibre insulation

1 2 3 4 5

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Lime House - timber framed passivhaus, Ebbw Vale

Reducing the Cost of Construction

Timber framing can deliver a complete Passivhaus frame and roof for £17,000+vat

(excluding supply of windows, but including the cost of installing windows & doors).

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Lime House - timber framed passivhaus, Ebbw Vale

Reducing the Cost of Construction

Timber framing can deliver a complete Passivhaus frame and roof for £17,000+vat

(excluding supply of windows, but including the cost of installing windows & doors).

...a chance for low cost, community-self-build?

(2 bed super low-energy passivhaus for under £100,00)

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Choose site

Lime House Construction Process

Assisted self-build cost breakdown analysis Assumes that things a self builder can do are not costed

Running total £0

The Ebbw Vale site

Lime House Construction Process

Assisted self-build cost breakdown analysis Assumes that things a self builder can do are not costed

Running total £0

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Lay insulation

  • 480mm Styrofoam
  • Edge insulation

£4,775

£4,368 £407

(Material supplied)

Installing the ground slab insulation

Running total £6,064

Lime House Construction Process

Assisted self-build cost breakdown analysis Assumes that things a self builder can do are not costed

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Pour concrete slab

  • DPM and tanking
  • Mesh reinforcement
  • U bars & splice
  • Shuttering to slab
  • 225mm thick concrete slab
  • Thermalite blockwork
  • Service ducts

£2,646

£276 £496 £205 £168 £935 £167 £400

(Material supplied)

Constructing the concrete slab

Running total £8,711

Lime House Construction Process

Assisted self-build cost breakdown analysis Assumes that things a self builder can do are not costed

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Timber frame constructed £17,662 (Fully installed)

Installing the prefabricated timber frame walls

Running total £26,379

Lime House Construction Process

Assisted self-build cost breakdown analysis Assumes that things a self builder can do are not costed

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Complete superstructure

  • Roof covering
  • Stairs
  • External insulation
  • Internal insulation
  • Internal walls
  • External render*

(larch cladding additional)

£17,797

£4,806 £448 £5,963 £2,033 £2,209 £2,338

(Material supplied)

Installing the exterior finishes

Running total £44,170

Lime House Construction Process

Assisted self-build cost breakdown analysis Assumes that things a self builder can do are not costed

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Windows & ext. doors fitted £8,828 (Fully installed)

Sealing the airtight layer

Running total £52,997

Lime House Construction Process

Assisted self-build cost breakdown analysis Assumes that things a self builder can do are not costed

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Apply finishes

  • Wall finishes
  • Floor finishes
  • Ceiling finishes
  • Internal doors

£8,493

£4,061 £2,672 £949 £812

(Material supplied)

Completed stairwell

Running total £61,490

Lime House Construction Process

Assisted self-build cost breakdown analysis Assumes that things a self builder can do are not costed

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Plumbing fitted

  • Subcontractor’s fee including

plumbing, sanitaryware and solar hot water heating

£7,450 (Fully installed)

Solar hot water tank and small boiler

Running total £68,940

Lime House Construction Process

Assisted self-build cost breakdown analysis Assumes that things a self builder can do are not costed

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M&E fitted

  • Ventilation
  • Electrical installation
  • Grid connection

£15,627

£8,372 £6,485 £770

(Fully installed)

Heat recovery ventilation system

Running total £84,567

Lime House Construction Process

Assisted self-build cost breakdown analysis Assumes that things a self builder can do are not costed

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Fit kitchens and bathrooms

  • Kitchen units and eco bin
  • Bathroom cabinet, mirror and
  • ther fittings

(sanitaryware already included in plumbing package)

£1,172

£1,000 £172

(Materials supplied)

Bathroom fit-out

Running total £85,739

Lime House Construction Process

Assisted self-build cost breakdown analysis Assumes that things a self builder can do are not costed

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Site prepared Insulation laid Concrete slab poured Timber frame constructed Superstructure completed Windows fitted Finishes applied Plumbing installed M&E fitted Kitchens & bathrooms £1,289 £4,775 £2,646 £17,662 £17,797 £8,827 £8,493 £7,450 £15,627 £1,172 (Materials supplied) (Materials supplied) (Materials supplied) (Fully installed) (Materials supplied) (Fully installed) (Materials supplied) (Fully installed) (Fully installed) (Materials supplied) Overall breakdown *Excludes prelims and design fees. Labour to be provided by self builder.

Completed timber cladding

Total Price £85,739*

Lime House Construction Process

Assisted self-build cost breakdown analysis Assumes that things a self builder can do are not costed

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Site prepared Insulation laid Concrete slab poured Timber frame constructed Superstructure completed Windows fitted Finishes applied Plumbing installed M&E fitted Kitchens & bathrooms £1,289 £4,775 £2,646 £17,662 £17,797 £8,827 £8,493 £7,450 £15,627 £1,172 (Materials supplied) (Materials supplied) (Materials supplied) (Fully installed) (Materials supplied) (Fully installed) (Materials supplied) (Fully installed) (Fully installed) (Materials supplied) Overall breakdown *Excludes prelims and design fees. Labour to be provided by self builder.

Completed timber cladding

Total Price £85,739*

Lime House Construction Process

Assisted self-build cost breakdown analysis Assumes that things a self builder can do are not costed

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South elevation before refurbishment

Before refurbishment: – Metal framed, single glazed, draughty windows – Un-insulated asbestos roof – Depressing appearance externally and internally

Affordable Passivhaus Retrofit

Case study of Mayville Community Centre, London

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Gigantic gas boiler and un-insulated tank

Mayville Community Centre

Before refurbishment: – Difficult to achieve comfortable conditions in winter. Office spaces were hot in winter, while main hall was often too cold for sedentary activities, particularly for the elderly – Specific heat demand 581kWh/m2/yr

if 21

  • C winter temps maintained

(but 272 kWh/m2/yr in reality)

– Energy bills over £10,000 a year for an organisation with turnover of £60,000 a year

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The main hall before refurbishment

Mayville Community Centre

Before refurbishment: – Gloomy, depressing spaces – Echo made hearing or engaging in conversation difficult - particularly for the elderly – Bad layout and shortage of space

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Mayville Community Centre

Passivhaus building techniques:

  • 1. Basement wall insulation
  • 2. Ground floor wall insulation
  • 3. Thermal bridge free design
  • 4. Roof membrane detailing
  • 5. Window tape training
  • 6. Windows in line of insulation

1 2 3 4 5 6

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The refurbished Mayville Community Centre South Facade

Mayville Community Centre

The UK’s first fully certified non-domestic passivhaus refurbishment

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The main hall after refurbishment

Mayville Community Centre

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Mayville Community Centre - Performance

Comparison between total energy use design estimate and actual use – The first Winter’s operational performance is even better than the PHPP design prediction. – The building used less energy than designed each month apart from December where the building thermostat was accidentally turned up very high over the Christmas holiday.

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Nov‐11 Dec‐11 Jan‐12 Feb‐12 Electricity consumption (kWh)

Mayville Community Centre ‐comparison between PHPP and preliminary monitored data‐ November 2011 ‐ February 2012 (building is all‐electric, heating via GSHP)

PHPP monthly electricity estimate PHPP monthly electricity estimate PHPP monthly electricity estimate PHPP monthly electricity estimate Total metered electricity consumption/month ‐2012 Total metered electricity consumption/month ‐2012 Total metered electricity consumption/month ‐2012 Total metered electricity consumption/month ‐2012

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Mayville Community Centre - Investment & Return

(Comparison between passivhaus & minimum standard) STEP (1): finding & comparing design energy consumption for each option (a) Headline list of changes in accordance with Building Regs Part L and ventilation rates (b) Four different PHPP documents were created (PH with gas boiler, PH GSHP, PH with GSHP & PV) (c) Old energy bills (before refurb) were also analysed

U-Values (W/m2K) Building Regs (as in Part L) Building Regs (as in PHPP) Passivhaus (as in PHPP) Existing Elements: Existing Walls (External insulation) 0.30 0.28-0.30 0.12 Basement slab 0.25 0.26 0.26 Ground slab 0.25 0.24 0.13 Sloping Roof (insulation at after level) 0.18 0.18 0.11 New elements: Windows 2.20 1.24-2.09 0.8-1.0 Roof lights 2.20 1.55-1.84 1.06 Velux openable rooflights 3.50 1.84 1.45 Huge-usage entrance doors 3.50 Wall to single storey extention 0.28 0.27 0.11 Flat Roof (with integrated insulation) 0.18 0.18 0.13 Air permeability 10.0 m3/hm2 at 50 Pa 10.0 m3/hm2 at 50 Pa 0.93 m3/hm2 at 50 Pa Changes to PHPP: U-Values:

  • 1. Lower ground wall

Insulation Styrofoam floormate A = 0 (100) Insulation Styrofoam perimate = 90 (100)

  • 3. Basement Slab

Insulation Kingspan TF70 = 75 (75)

  • 4. Ground Slab

Foamglass T4+ = (300)

  • 5. North Elevation External wall GF

Insulation Permarock EPS = 90 (290)

  • 6. South Elevation External wall 290mm insulation

Insulation Permarock EPS = 100 (290)

  • 7. West Elevation External wall 290mm insulation

Insulation Permarock EPS = 100 (290)

  • 8. West Elevation External wall 320mm insulation

Insulation Permarock EPS = 100 (320)

ENERGY Electricity Electricity Electricity Contribution PV OTHER OTHER Initaial investment OTHER HEAT PUMP used OTHER used HEAT PUMP contribution HEAT PUMP used OTHER used HEAT PUMP contribution SOLAR contribution PV Total Energy demand, kWh/a 28979 189197 25820 48855 25835 13821 4051 26015

  • 8605

3664 25881

  • 7784
  • 1342
  • 14400

ENERGY TOTAL, kWh/a 218176 74675 39656 30066

  • 8605

29545 15145 GAS Cost per unit £0.0877 £0.0000 £0.0298 £0.0877 £0.0000 £0.0298 £0.0877 £0.0000 £0.0298 £0.0877 £0.0877 £0.0877 £0.0877 £0.0877 £0.0877 £0.0877 £0.0877 Energy priced, kWh 28979 189197 25820 48855 25835 13821 4051 26015

  • 8605

3664 25881

  • 7784
  • 1342
  • 14400

Energy cost £2,541 £0 £5,646 £2,264 £0 £1,458 £2,266 £0 £412 £355 £2,282

  • £755

£321 £2,270

  • £683
  • £118
  • £1,263

Standard charge £87 £265 £87 £265 £87 £265 £87 £87 £2,628 £5,911 £2,351 £1,723 £2,353 £677 £2,678 COST TOTAL, £ £0 £1,415 CO2 CO2 GEMIS 3.0, kg/kWh 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.43 CO2 level 19706 17558 17568

  • 5852
  • 5293
  • 913
  • 6192
  • 6206

CO2 TOTAL ENERGY Assamptions COST assamptions GAS cost £0.0000 35.2 Electricity Demand Household Appliances 23468.14 £0.0298 above 665 CO2 15958.33 Standard charge per day £0.7261 365 265.0265 23408 Cost 2058.155 ELECTRICITY cost £0.0877 Standard charge per day £0.2379 365 86.8335 Feed in tarriff >10 - 50kW £0.3290 >4-10kW £0.3780 ≤4 kW retrofit £0.4330 2010 Building Regs* + gas boiler with gas boiler *using Part L Approved Document U- Value and Ventilation requirements without PV and solar thermals 0.25 3455 £3,030 PH + gas boiler with gas boiler without PV and solar thermals Data taken from PHPP with PV* and solar thermals *using existing building data. Calculations include XXKwp solar PV system PH + heat pump + PV + solar heating with heat pump PH + heat pump with heat pump without PV and solar thermals Space heating supplied by heat pump and solar thermals Space heating is supplied by gas boiler

  • nly

Electricity costs are calculated using the British Gas Business tariffs for 2012. Total costs don't take into account fixed costs. Energy contribution by renewable sources account for energy saved not alternative energy produced, like in case of PVs Data taken from PHPP Data taken from PHPP Electricity supplied by grid only Electricity supplied by grid only Electricity supplied by grid and PV panels 0.68 0.68 Electricity supplied by grid only Space heating supplied by heat pump

  • nly

20445 20445 Before refurbishment with gas boiler without PV and solar thermals Space heating only ELECTRICITY Contribution ELECTRICITY GAS Space heating only GAS GAS Space heating only £2,724 Data taken from PHPP Space heating and cooking is supplied by gas boiler only Electricity supplied by grid only £4,074 £8,539 21023 13899 20091 Data taken from annual set of bills for 0.25 29771 67005 47299 0.25 Space heating is supplied by gas boiler

  • nly

12214

(a) (b)

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Mayville Community Centre - Investment & Return

(Comparison between passivhaus & minimum standard) STEP (2): finding the Cost of an otherwise identical Min. Standard community centre Take detailed Bills of Quantities (As Built) and convert to Building Regs spec, item by item

Mildmay Community Partnership Tenderer: Tenderer: Tenderer: Tenderer: Alteration and Improvements to Community Centre Mayville Community Centre, Woodville Road, London N16 8NA BILLS OF QUANTITIES Date: 09-Mar-10 Date: 09-Mar-10 Date: 09-Mar-10 Date: 09-Mar-10 £ £ £ £ Option 4 - Building Regulations with a 43.2kW gas boiler, additional radiators excluding Heat Pump, Solar Thermal and PV installations Option 1 - Buxton Building Contractors Contract Sum - Passivhaus with Heat Pump, Solar Thermal and PV Installations Option 3 - As Option 1 but with a 8.4kW Gas Boiler and excluding Heat Pump, Solar Thermal and PV Installations Option 2 - As Option 1 with Heat Pump Installation but excluding Solar Thermal and PV Installations 847.74 457

  • verall size 1100 x 2708; reference W117H

1 nr 2,525.25 2,525.25 2,525.25 2,525.25 2,525.25 2,525.25 2,525.25 2,525.25 A11 Reduction for double glazed windows (1) nr 628.20 628.20

  • 1,052.47

458

  • verall size 2751 x 890; reference W117E; added since quotation

1 nr 2,408.25 2,408.25 2,408.25 2,408.25 2,408.25 2,408.25 2,408.25 2,408.25 A12 Reduction for double glazed windows (1) nr 599.09 599.09

  • 654.66

459

  • verall size 2470 x 1180; reference W107F, W108F, W109F, W110F

5 nr 1,908.08 9,540.40 1,908.08 9,540.40 1,908.08 9,540.40 1,908.08 9,540.40 A13 Reduction for double glazed windows (5) nr 474.67 2,373.34

  • 22,072.14

22,072.14 22,072.14 16,581.31 Windows and window frames, obscured glazing; tilt and turn opening mechanism 902.95 460

  • verall size 1250 x 1180; reference W106E,W111E

2 nr 1,331.85 2,663.70 1,331.85 2,663.70 1,331.85 2,663.70 1,331.85 2,663.70 A14 Reduction for double glazed windows (2) nr 331.32 662.64

  • Screens, borrowed lights and frames, clear glazing; fixed lights

763.92 461

  • verall size 3572 x 2434; pair of glazed doors each overall size 900 x

2325; reference D005D, D006D, D007D 3 nr 6,641.70 19,925.10 6,641.70 19,925.10 6,641.70 19,925.10 6,641.70 19,925.10 A15 Reduction for double glazed windows (3) nr 1,652.24 4,956.72

  • 739.90

462

  • verall size 3572 x 2513; pair of glazed doors each overall size 900 x

2404; reference DB01G, DB02G, DB03G 3 nr 6,641.70 19,925.10 6,641.70 19,925.10 6,641.70 19,925.10 6,641.70 19,925.10 A16 Reduction for double glazed windows (3) nr 1,652.24 4,956.72

  • 003C

ndows (1) nr 073.52 073.52 001A ndows (1) nr 073.52 073.52 :655 vres 111E) 2 nr 190.00 380.00 190.00 380.00 190.00 380.00 190.00 380.00 110F) 003B) 1 nr 281.00 281.00 281.00 281.00 281.00 281.00 281.00 281.00 vres 004B) 1 nr 222.00 222.00 222.00 222.00 222.00 222.00 222.00 222.00 007D) B03G) 003C) 1 nr 414.00 414.00 414.00 414.00 414.00 414.00 414.00 414.00 ES 225 ghts 004B doors (2) nr 599.54 199.09 009F doors (1) nr 512.91 512.91 008H doors (1) nr 610.13 610.13

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Mayville Community Centre - Investment & Return

(Comparison between passivhaus & minimum standard) STEP (3): Graph comparing Annual Energy Consumption derived from step (1)

(Buildings de- signed to UK min. standard building regs tend to con- sume considerably more than they are designed to con- sume) (Passivhaus design assumes very comfortable 21oC maintained throughout winter months, with perfect air quality and humidity) (The building was cold in Winter, in spite

  • f high energy

use)

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Mayville Community Centre - Investment & Return

(Comparison between passivhaus & minimum standard) STEP (4): Graph comparing Annual CO2 emissions derived from step (1)

(Buildings designed to UK min. standard building regs tend to consume con- siderably more than they are designed to consume) (Passivhaus design assumes very comfortable 21oC maintained throughout winter months, with perfect air quality and humidity) (The building was cold in Winter, in spite

  • f high CO2

emissions)

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Mayville Community Centre - Investment & Return

(Comparison between passivhaus & minimum standard) STEP (5): Graph showing the extra investment cost of PH derived from step (2) Percentage difference investment to achieve passivhaus standard* The additional investment was found to be just 3% without renewables or 8% with renewables

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Mayville Community Centre - Investment & Return

(Comparison between passivhaus & minimum standard) STEP (5): Graph showing the extra investment cost of PH derived from step (2) Percentage difference investment to achieve passivhaus standard* The additional investment was found to be just 3% without renewables or 8% with renewables THANK YOU Justin Bere twitter: @jbere & @bere:architects web & blog: www.bere.co.uk More tomorrow...

How the UK’s first in-depth Passivhaus monitoring results are beginning to change the UK housing industry

10.00 – 10.45am Sustainability Theatre