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IQ: Are Men Smarter than Women? V0G 9/3/2017 V0G 2017 CTC 1 V0G 2017 CTC 2 Whos Smarter? IQ & Heredity: Francis Galton Men or Women? . Cynthia Schield History Major, Stanford 35 Years Human Resources Manager Milo Schield @

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SLIDE 1

IQ: Are Men Smarter than Women? V0G 9/3/2017 www.StatLit.org/pdf/2017-Schield-CTC-Slides.pdf Page 1

2017 CTC

V0G 1

Cynthia Schield

History Major, Stanford 35 Years Human Resources Manager Milo Schield @ Augsburg University Teaches Statistical Literacy & Critical Thinking Twin Cities Critical Thinking Club

Sept 3, 2017

www.StatLit.org/pdf/2017-Schield-CTC-Slides.pdf

Who’s Smarter? Men or Women?

2017 CTC

V0G 2

.

IQ & Heredity: Francis Galton

2017 CTC

V0G

Binet

.

3

2017 CTC

V0G 4

.

IQ Tests: Lewis Terman Stanford-Binet

2017 CTC

V0G

,

5

2017 CTC

V0G

IQ Correlates with

6

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SLIDE 2

IQ: Are Men Smarter than Women? V0G 9/3/2017 www.StatLit.org/pdf/2017-Schield-CTC-Slides.pdf Page 2

2017 CTC

V0G

,

7

2017 CTC

V0G

.

8

2017 CTC

V0G 9

.

Wrong on women and dreams; Right on some things

2017 CTC

V0G 10

Equal intelligence was seen as a pre-requisite for suffrage. Terman explained lack of intellectual careers for women:

  • Motherhood
  • Discrimination
  • Lack of opportunity

Terman used IQ to liberate women. Terman was a man ahead of his time.

Terman got it right: Girls have same IQ as boys

2017 CTC

V0G

.

11

2017 CTC

V0G

.

12

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SLIDE 3

IQ: Are Men Smarter than Women? V0G 9/3/2017 www.StatLit.org/pdf/2017-Schield-CTC-Slides.pdf Page 3

2017 CTC

V0G 13

.

Future Plans….

Non-Sequitur / Wiley Miller

2017 CTC

V0G 14

.

Bachelor’s Degree: Both support; IQ Dominates.

2017 CTC

V0G 15

.

Chronic Welfare Recipient: Both Support; SES dominates.

Among adults at age 30

2017 CTC

V0G 16

.

Child in poverty: Both Support. Max is 30%

2017 CTC

V0G 17

.

Is Lowest IQ Inherited?

2017 CTC

V0G 18

.

.

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SLIDE 4

IQ: Are Men Smarter than Women? V0G 9/3/2017 www.StatLit.org/pdf/2017-Schield-CTC-Slides.pdf Page 4

2017 CTC

V0G 19

.

Girls are smarter than boys: Higher grades in school

2017 CTC

V0G 20

.

Boys are smarter than girls: Higher Math SAT scores

2017 CTC

V0G 21

.

Two Explanations: Intelligence & Self Control

2017 CTC

V0G

Dreary (2003).

22

Scotland’s Children’s IQ: 80,000 at age 11 in 1932

2017 CTC

V0G

.

23

M vs F: Mean, Std. Deviation. 100.64 vs 100.48*; 14.9 vs 14.1

* NOT Statistically Significant

2017 CTC

V0G

.

24

Ratio of Boys to Girls

60% more 10% less

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SLIDE 5

IQ: Are Men Smarter than Women? V0G 9/3/2017 www.StatLit.org/pdf/2017-Schield-CTC-Slides.pdf Page 5

2017 CTC

V0G 25

.

.

2017 CTC

V0G 26

Why?

  • 1. Society discriminates against men.
  • 2. On average, men have lower IQ than women
  • 3. Men have less self-control than women
  • 4. Low-IQ guys less self-control than low-IQ gals.

Lack of self-control seems relevant to committing a crime

Guys dumber than gals? Prison: Men 3 times as likely

2017 CTC

V0G 27

Why?

  • 1. Society discriminates against men.
  • 2. On average, men have lower IQ than women
  • 3. Men have less self-control than women
  • 4. Low-IQ guys less self-control than low-IQ gals.

Lack of self-control seems relevant to ADHD. * ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3101894/

Guys dumber than gals? ADHD: Men 3 times as likely

2017 CTC

V0G

Guys dumber than gals? Mental Retardation: 50% more guys

Mentally retarded (IQ<65): M-to-F is 3-to-2. 50% more prevalent among males than females

https://mn.gov/mnddc/parallels2/pdf/80s/82/82-PMR-ARC.pdf

Mental retardation does not seem like a lack of self-control

28

2017 CTC

V0G 29

Guys 50% more likely to be mentally retarded than gals.

  • 1. Society discriminates against boys. NO!
  • 2. On average, boys have lower IQ than gals? NO!
  • 3. Guys less self-control than gals.

Probably; This is not relevant to mental retardation.

Guys dumber than gals? Conclusion #1: NO! More low-IQ guys than low IQ gals AND “SELECTION BIAS” Just looking at bottom.

2017 CTC

V0G

.

30

More males at the extremes: More guys mentally retarded

More guys are mentally retarded than gals are.

slide-6
SLIDE 6

IQ: Are Men Smarter than Women? V0G 9/3/2017 www.StatLit.org/pdf/2017-Schield-CTC-Slides.pdf Page 6

2017 CTC

V0G 31

.

Guys smarter than gals? SATs: Guys higher than gals

2017 CTC

V0G 32

.

Guys smarter than Gals? Men: higher chess ratings

2017 CTC

V0G 33

.

Guys smarter than Gals? Men: Higher bridge scores

2017 CTC

V0G 34

.

Guys smarter than Gals? More Men in top Math SATs

2017 CTC

V0G 35

So what explains more men than women in the following? Higher SAT scores (math and verbal) Men are more likely at top in chess and bridge Men more likely in high-IQ majors: Physics+Comp. Sci. Men 4 times as prevalent in top 0.01% of SAT Math

  • 1. Men smarter than women – on average? NO!
  • 2. More men at the extremes? YES!

Guys smarter than Gals? Conclusion? NO!

Selection Bias: Selecting just the top end

2017 CTC

V0G

.

36

More males at the extremes: More gifted guys than gals

More men are mentally gifted than women

slide-7
SLIDE 7

IQ: Are Men Smarter than Women? V0G 9/3/2017 www.StatLit.org/pdf/2017-Schield-CTC-Slides.pdf Page 7

2017 CTC

V0G 37

More men at IQ extremes + selection bias explain:

BOTTOM END: Mentally retarded: 50% more male than female TOP END: Higher SAT scores (math and verbal) Men are more likely at top in chess and bridge Men more likely in high-IQ majors: Physics+Comp. Sci. Men 4 times as prevalent in top 0.01% of SAT Math

Conclusion #3 Differences due to Selection Bias

2017 CTC

V0G 38

Smarter on average? No! More men than women among high IQ? Yes! Selection bias – looking just at high IQ – gives weak reason for saying guys smarter than gals Are men smarter than women? No and Yes… More men than women among low IQ? Yes!

Mental retardation: “smoking gun” Gender vs. IQ

2017 CTC

V0G

.

39

M vs F: Same IQ on average; More men at the IQ extremes

More men are mentally retarded than women More men are mentally gifted than women

slide-8
SLIDE 8

2017 CTC

V0G 1

Cynthia Schield

History Major, Stanford 35 Years Human Resources Manager Milo Schield @ Augsburg University Teaches Statistical Literacy & Critical Thinking Twin Cities Critical Thinking Club

Sept 3, 2017

www.StatLit.org/pdf/2017-Schield-CTC-Slides.pdf

Who’s Smarter? Men or Women?

slide-9
SLIDE 9

2017 CTC

V0G 2

.

IQ & Heredity: Francis Galton

slide-10
SLIDE 10

2017 CTC

V0G

Binet

.

3

slide-11
SLIDE 11

2017 CTC

V0G 4

.

IQ Tests: Lewis Terman Stanford-Binet

slide-12
SLIDE 12

2017 CTC

V0G

,

5

slide-13
SLIDE 13

2017 CTC

V0G

IQ Correlates with

6

slide-14
SLIDE 14

2017 CTC

V0G

,

7

slide-15
SLIDE 15

2017 CTC

V0G

.

8

slide-16
SLIDE 16

2017 CTC

V0G 9

.

Wrong on women and dreams; Right on some things

slide-17
SLIDE 17

2017 CTC

V0G 10

Equal intelligence was seen as a pre-requisite for suffrage. Terman explained lack of intellectual careers for women:

  • Motherhood
  • Discrimination
  • Lack of opportunity

Terman used IQ to liberate women. Terman was a man ahead of his time.

Terman got it right: Girls have same IQ as boys

slide-18
SLIDE 18

2017 CTC

V0G

.

11

slide-19
SLIDE 19

2017 CTC

V0G

.

12

slide-20
SLIDE 20

2017 CTC

V0G 13

.

Future Plans….

Non-Sequitur / Wiley Miller

slide-21
SLIDE 21

2017 CTC

V0G 14

.

Bachelor’s Degree: Both support; IQ Dominates.

slide-22
SLIDE 22

2017 CTC

V0G 15

.

Chronic Welfare Recipient: Both Support; SES dominates.

Among adults at age 30

slide-23
SLIDE 23

2017 CTC

V0G 16

.

Child in poverty: Both Support. Max is 30%

slide-24
SLIDE 24

2017 CTC

V0G 17

.

Is Lowest IQ Inherited?

slide-25
SLIDE 25

2017 CTC

V0G 18

.

.

slide-26
SLIDE 26

2017 CTC

V0G 19

.

Girls are smarter than boys: Higher grades in school

slide-27
SLIDE 27

2017 CTC

V0G 20

.

Boys are smarter than girls: Higher Math SAT scores

slide-28
SLIDE 28

2017 CTC

V0G 21

.

Two Explanations: Intelligence & Self Control

slide-29
SLIDE 29

2017 CTC

V0G

Dreary (2003).

22

Scotland’s Children’s IQ: 80,000 at age 11 in 1932

slide-30
SLIDE 30

2017 CTC

V0G

.

23

M vs F: Mean, Std. Deviation. 100.64 vs 100.48*; 14.9 vs 14.1

* NOT Statistically Significant

slide-31
SLIDE 31

2017 CTC

V0G

.

24

Ratio of Boys to Girls

60% more 10% less

slide-32
SLIDE 32

2017 CTC

V0G 25

.

.

slide-33
SLIDE 33

2017 CTC

V0G 26

Why?

  • 1. Society discriminates against men.
  • 2. On average, men have lower IQ than women
  • 3. Men have less self-control than women
  • 4. Low-IQ guys less self-control than low-IQ gals.

Lack of self-control seems relevant to committing a crime

Guys dumber than gals? Prison: Men 3 times as likely

slide-34
SLIDE 34

2017 CTC

V0G 27

Why?

  • 1. Society discriminates against men.
  • 2. On average, men have lower IQ than women
  • 3. Men have less self-control than women
  • 4. Low-IQ guys less self-control than low-IQ gals.

Lack of self-control seems relevant to ADHD. * ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3101894/

Guys dumber than gals? ADHD: Men 3 times as likely

slide-35
SLIDE 35

2017 CTC

V0G

Guys dumber than gals? Mental Retardation: 50% more guys

Mentally retarded (IQ<65): M-to-F is 3-to-2. 50% more prevalent among males than females

https://mn.gov/mnddc/parallels2/pdf/80s/82/82-PMR-ARC.pdf

Mental retardation does not seem like a lack of self-control

28

slide-36
SLIDE 36

2017 CTC

V0G 29

Guys 50% more likely to be mentally retarded than gals.

  • 1. Society discriminates against boys. NO!
  • 2. On average, boys have lower IQ than gals? NO!
  • 3. Guys less self-control than gals.

Probably; This is not relevant to mental retardation.

Guys dumber than gals? Conclusion #1: NO! More low-IQ guys than low IQ gals AND “SELECTION BIAS” Just looking at bottom.

slide-37
SLIDE 37

2017 CTC

V0G

.

30

More males at the extremes: More guys mentally retarded

More guys are mentally retarded than gals are.

slide-38
SLIDE 38

2017 CTC

V0G 31

.

Guys smarter than gals? SATs: Guys higher than gals

slide-39
SLIDE 39

2017 CTC

V0G 32

.

Guys smarter than Gals? Men: higher chess ratings

slide-40
SLIDE 40

2017 CTC

V0G 33

.

Guys smarter than Gals? Men: Higher bridge scores

slide-41
SLIDE 41

2017 CTC

V0G 34

.

Guys smarter than Gals? More Men in top Math SATs

slide-42
SLIDE 42

2017 CTC

V0G 35

So what explains more men than women in the following? Higher SAT scores (math and verbal) Men are more likely at top in chess and bridge Men more likely in high-IQ majors: Physics+Comp. Sci. Men 4 times as prevalent in top 0.01% of SAT Math

  • 1. Men smarter than women – on average? NO!
  • 2. More men at the extremes? YES!

Guys smarter than Gals? Conclusion? NO!

Selection Bias: Selecting just the top end

slide-43
SLIDE 43

2017 CTC

V0G

.

36

More males at the extremes: More gifted guys than gals

More men are mentally gifted than women

slide-44
SLIDE 44

2017 CTC

V0G 37

More men at IQ extremes + selection bias explain:

BOTTOM END: Mentally retarded: 50% more male than female TOP END: Higher SAT scores (math and verbal) Men are more likely at top in chess and bridge Men more likely in high-IQ majors: Physics+Comp. Sci. Men 4 times as prevalent in top 0.01% of SAT Math

Conclusion #3 Differences due to Selection Bias

slide-45
SLIDE 45

2017 CTC

V0G 38

Smarter on average? No! More men than women among high IQ? Yes! Selection bias – looking just at high IQ – gives weak reason for saying guys smarter than gals Are men smarter than women? No and Yes… More men than women among low IQ? Yes!

Mental retardation: “smoking gun” Gender vs. IQ

slide-46
SLIDE 46

2017 CTC

V0G

.

39

M vs F: Same IQ on average; More men at the IQ extremes

More men are mentally retarded than women More men are mentally gifted than women