1/24 Introduction to TCP/IP Surasak Sanguanpong nguan@ku.ac.th http://www.cpe.ku.ac.th/~nguan Last updated: 27 June 2002 Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 2/24 What is TCP/IP? Internet Transmission Protocol Control Protocol TCP/IP refers to an entire suite of networking protocols, developed for use on the Internet BOOTP ICMP NFS FTP UDP SMTP DHCP DNS TELNET HTTP SNMP NNTP Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University
3/24 TCP/IP Characteristics Enable network devices provides the services to a full functional end point interconnect computers and for communicating to interconnect networks, with other device directly creating the Internet TCP/IP Independence from Standardize underlying network high-level protocols topology, hardware, and operating system Unique IP Address Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 4/24 TCP/IP Internetworking Token Ring FDDI Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University
5/24 TCP/IP as Networking Softwares � TCP/IP protocol suites define a set of universal communication services � Services can be implemented in a standardized manner in the networking software, normally bundled with OS TCP/IP TCP/IP Network Communication Communication Software Software Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 6/24 TCP/IP Architectural Layers services services Network Application Application Application services End-to-end Transport Transport Services Internet Internet Routing Network Network Interface Transmission Physical Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University
7/24 TCP/IP and OSI OSI TCP/IP Application Presentation Application Session Transport Transport Network Internet Data Link Network Physical Physical Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 8/24 Data Transfer over Network Application Application Presentation Presentation Session Session Transport Transport Network Network Network Network Data Link Data Link Data Link Data Link Physical Physical Physical Physical destination gateway source gateway Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University
9/24 TCP/IP Majors Protocols X-window TELNET BOOTP Others SMTP NNTP SNMP HTTP TFTP DNS NFS FTP Applications Transport TCP UDP Internet IP ICMP IGMP ARP RARP Network Network Drivers Physical Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 10/24 Address Relationship in TCP/IP X-window TELNET BOOTP port interface Others SNMP SMTP HTTP NNTP TFTP DNS FTP NFS TCP UDP Port address IP IP address Datalink Hardware address Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University
11/24 IP and Datalink Services IP address IP address 192.168.100.2 192.168.100.64 Hardware address Hardware address 00:E0:98:05:50:70 00:E0:98:05:EE:11 IP Packet for 192.168.100.64 Ethernet Packet for 00:E0:98:05:EE:11 Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 12/24 Address Mapping IP address IP address IP address 192.168.100.2 192.168.100.6 192.168.100.4 Hardware address Hardware address Hardware address 00:E0:98:05:50:70 10:E1:11:15:40:44 00:E0:98:05:EE:11 1 Who has 192.168.100.4 2 00:E0:98:05:EE:11 has 192.168.100.4 Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University
13/24 TCP in action � TCP is a connection-oriented protocol � A connection is generated Request for opening a connection before the data is exchanged (like a O.K., ready telephone conversation) � Provide error correction and flow O.K., ready control � More functionality Request data Data sent TCP segment Request for closing the connection source port destination port sequence number O.K. acknowledgment number data offs resv flag win size checksum urgent pointer options and padding data Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 14/24 UDP in action � UDP is a connectionless protocol Request for Data � no need to establish connection (like sending a postcard) Reply � Try its best to delivery data, (no Request for data guaranteed delivery) � Lighter, faster, less overhead Reply UDP Datagram Request for data source port destination Reply UDP length checksum data … ... Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University
15/24 Client-Server Relationships FTP FTP Protocol FTP One application component, � Server Client called Server , provides a well- defined services for TELNET Protocol TELNET TELNET application components Server Server running, called client TELNET Protocol TELNET TELNET Client Client A host can have server � processes for one or more FTP FTP Protocol FTP application protocols Client Server FTP FTP FTP Protocol A host can have client � Client Server processes using one or more servers Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 16/24 How TCP/IP handles protocols Application Application Application Application demux based on destination port number in TCP or UDP UDP TCP header ICMP IGMP demux based on protocol type in IP header IP RARP ARP demux based on frame type Ethernet in Ethernet header incoming frame Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University
17/24 What ’ s Internet ? � The Internet is a collection of networks that communicate through gateways Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 18/24 Internet Milestones 1971 1973 1977 1969 TCP/IP TCP/IP Internet Internet ARPANE T 15 nodes Development 23 hosts begins 4 nodes with TCP/IP 2000 1978 1986 1995 Unix TCP/IP WWW Unix NSFNET 110 M hosts Distribution established 1,000 M URLs Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University
19/24 Internet Growth Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 20/24 Internet Technical Bodies Structure � International, nonprofit organization ISOC Internet Society � Promote research and other activities relating to the Internet � Technical Advisor to the ISOC Internet IAB � Oversee the development of Architecture Board TCP/IP protocol Internet Engineering Internet Research Task Force Task Force IRSG IESG � A forum of working � A forum of working groups managed by groups managed by Internet Engineering Internet Research Steering Group WG WG Steering Group WG WG � Develop of protocols � Conduct long-term and specifications for IETF IRTF research standardization Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University
21/24 Internet Standard Process draft version for informal review and Internet Draft comment official publication for Internet standard RFC and other publications Proposed entry-level, protocol specifications should be stable technically Standard at least 2 independence and interoperable implementation that test all specification Draft Standard functions have had significant field use and clear Internet Standard community interest in production use. Standard track Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University 22/24 Non-standards track � specification may not be intended to be an Internet Standard � labeled with one of three “ off-track ” maturity level: � Historic � Informational Informational Experimental � Experimental � known as “ protocol state ” Proposed standard Draft standard Standard Historic Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University
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