Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Data Mining with Clustering Algorithms Miłosz Kadziński Institute of Computing Science Poznan University of Technology, Poland www.cs.put.poznan.pl/mkadzinski/iai Artificial Intelligence Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
A Few Words About Me Mi ł osz Kadzi ń ski e-mail : milosz.kadzinski@cs.put.poznan.pl • please use [IAI] in the e-mail’s subject ph .: +48 61 665 3022 room : 1.6.6 (Technical Library, BT; 1 st floor) consultation hours : Wed 9:45 – 11:15 slides : www.cs.put.poznan.pl/mkadzinski/ iai 2003 – Adam Mickiewicz High School in Pozna ń (VIII LO) 2008 – M.Sc. in Computer Science 2012 – Ph.D. in Intelligent Decision Support Systems 2017 – Habilitation in Computer-aided Decision Support Research specialization – Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis Research specialization – Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis Over 40 international and Polish research awards Main author and (informal) supervisor of the BSc Program in AI Artificial Intelligence Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Defining Artificial Intelligence (1) A science and a set of computational technologies that are inspired by – but typically operate quire differently from – the way people use their nervous systems and bodies to sense, learn, reason and take action P. Stone et al., Stanford. 2016 Activity devoted to making machines intelligent , and intelligence is that quality that enables an entity to function appropriately and with foresight in its environment Nils J. Nilsson, Cambridge, 2010 Nils J. Nilsson, Cambridge, 2010 Artificial Intelligence Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Defining Artificial Intelligence (2) Characterizing AI depends on the credit one is willing to give software and hardware for ” functioning appropriately ” and ” with foresight ” The differences in scale, speed, degree of autonomy, generality, … The differences in scale, speed, degree of autonomy, generality, … electronic calculator Deep Blue (1997; chess match against Garry Kasparov) ( speed, no mistakes ) ( brute force methods, no single use of ”intelligence” ) The frontier of AI is moving far ahead (calculator vs. smartphone) AI suffers from losing claim to its acquisitions (pattern: new technologies, AI suffers from losing claim to its acquisitions (pattern: new technologies, people getting accustomed to them, stop being considered AI) Artificial Intelligence Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence: Main Application Areas Intelligence is a complex phenomenon Frightening, futurist vision of AI dominating films and novels are fictional (superhuman robots) and novels are fictional (superhuman robots) Abuse of AI technologies must be acknowledged …, more importantly, AI is changing our lives Major research universities devote department to AI studies Apple, Facebook, Google, IBM, and Microsoft explore AI applications AI is improving human wealth, safety, and productivity Transportation Home/service robots AI Healthcare Public safety Education Etertainment Artificial Intelligence Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence in Transportation and Logistics Smart cars (GPS; almost 100 sensors responsible for lane changing, self-parking, detecting objects in blind spots, pre-collision systems, …) self-parking, detecting objects in blind spots, pre-collision systems, …) Self-driving cars : On-demand transportation : Google, Tesla (automatic Uber or Lyft perception, planning) matching drivers/passengers AI in transportation Self-driving delivery Carpooling/ridesharing : vehicles : Zimride and Nuride Amazon drones bring people for a joint trip Transportation planning (bus/subway schedule, tracking traffic conditions (speed limits, smart pricing, traffic light), routing trips, predictions about traffic conditions) Artificial Intelligence Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Medicine Clinical decision support: mine outcomes from millions of patient clinical records to enable more personalized diagnosis and treatment, automated image interpretation Devices/treatments : da Vinci or Computer Motion , Mining social media: millions surgeries a year; infer possible health risks, AI in healthcare better hearing aids predicts patients at risk and visual assistive devices Patient monitoring and coaching : LifeGraph (behavioral patterns, introduce behavior modifications, alerts from data, identify groups of “people like me”) Artificial Intelligence Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence in Education and Teaching Teaching robots / tutoring systems / online learning : Ozobot teaches children to code and reason; Duolingo provides foreign language Ozobot teaches children to code and reason; Duolingo provides foreign language training; avatar-based training modules to train military personnel; … Automated generation Coursera and Udacity of questions : make use of AI for grading short- AI in education tests for thousands answers, essay questions and rather than tens programming assignments Model common students misconceptions, predict which students are at risk of failure, and provide real-time student feedback Artificial Intelligence Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence in Public Safety Predictive policing applications and crime prevention : predicting when and where crimes are more likely to happen predicting when and where crimes are more likely to happen and who may commit them ( CompStat ; NYPD) Scanning Twitter and other Detecting while collar AI in feeds for certain types of crimes (e.g., credit card public safety events fraud; cybersecurity) Cameras for surveillance that can detect anomalies pointing to a possible crime Artificial Intelligence Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence in Everyday Life Vacuum cleaners : Electrolux , iRobot Roomba ; obstacle avoidance, self-charging, dealing with full binds, electrical cords and rug tassels, self-charging, dealing with full binds, electrical cords and rug tassels, building a complete 3D world model of a house System in Module , Interaction with people : System on Chip : low cost AI in home robots speech understanding devices able to support and everyday devices and image labeling onboard AI Smartphones: better photos; battery management; facial recognition ( FaceID ); voice assistants ( Bixby, Google Assistant, Alexa, Siri ), creating accurate and rich profiles of owners (mobile advertising, target customers, where to build a next store branch) Artificial Intelligence Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence in Entertainment Hollywood industry uses AI technologies to bring its fantasies to the screen Software for composing Creating stage music and recognizing AI in entertainment performances soundtracks Video games make use of computer vision and AI planning; an alternative existence in a virtual world ( Second Life , World of Warcraft ) Artificial Intelligence Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence 20 th CENTURY Born at a 1956 workshop organized by John McCarthy Mostly academic area of study , but… promised to deliver Theorem proving , logic-based knowledge representation/reasoning Planning (1970s and 1980s), expert and knowledge-based systems Model-based approaches (physics-based approaches in robotics) 21 st CENTURY Started to deliver technologies that have a substantial impact on everyday lives Success of the data-driven paradigm Human-aware systems : accounting for the characteristics of users Artificial Intelligence Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Main Trends in Artificial Intelligence P. Stone et al., Artificial Intelligence and Life in 2030 . One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence. Stanford , 2016 large-scale machine learning large-scale machine learning natural language processing natural language processing (pattern mining from large data) (text processing, speech recognition, reinforcement learning machine translation) (experience-driven sequential Internet of things (interconnected decision-making) devices that share/use information) deep learning (neural networks) collaborative systems robotics (training robots (autonomous systems that can work to interact with the world) with other systems or humans) computer vision (machine perception) neuromorphic computing crowdsourcing and algorithmic game theory human computation and computational social choice Artificial Intelligence Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Introduction in Artificial Intelligence: Our Plan I. Clustering (Data mining): TODAY TODAY K-means, Hierarchical clustering K-means, Hierarchical clustering VIII. Assessment test (small problems to solve II. Classification and a few test questions) (Natural Language Process.): K-NN, Naïve Bayes Introduction to AI VII. Search algorithms (A*) ( your course ) III. Classification (Machine Learning): VI. Neural networks : Decision Trees , ID3, C4 linear and convolutional IV. Evolutionary algorithms V. Multi-criteria choice methods (Optimization) ( Decision analysis ): ELECTRE I Artificial Intelligence Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Recommend
More recommend
