INTR TRODUCTION TO CALI LIFORNIA EDU DUCATI TION David N. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

INTR TRODUCTION TO CALI LIFORNIA EDU DUCATI TION

David N. Plank, Stanford University Linda Darling-Hammond, Learning Policy Institute Christopher Edley, Opportunity Institute

Policy Analysis for California Education

Why should you care about California?

Policy Analysis for California Education

Policy Analysis for California Education

Policy Analysis for California Education

Policy Analysis for California Education

Why should you care about California?

• California is the biggest American state, by far
• 40 million people , 6 million children in K-12 schools
• California is an economic super-power
• Fifth-largest economy in the world
• Trails only the U.S., China, Japan, and Germany
• Bigger than the U.K., India, France, and Brazil
• USA is a federal republic—states have lots of power, especially in

education, and California is pioneering new education policies

• California looks like the future, for better and for worse

Policy Analysis for California Education

Policy Analysis for California Education

Growth and diversity

• Rapid and steady population growth since 1945
• “Majority-minority” state
• Whites a shrinking minority in California
• Latinos now the largest single demographic group
• Asians the fastest-growing demographic group

Policy Analysis for California Education

Vast inequalities

• California is the richest state, with the highest poverty rate
• Ranks 48th in income inequality
• Regional disparities especially sharp
• Urban-rural
• Coastal-central
• Housing costs, gentrification, and the displacement of poverty
• Implications for teachers and other public servants

Policy Analysis for California Education

California’s Education System

• “From First to Worst”
• Top-ten to bottom-ten in per-pupil funding
• How did this happen?
• Shift in spending priorities

Policy Analysis for California Education

Penny Wise and Pound Foolish

• Prison population quadrupled
• Corrections costs increased by 900%
• School expenditures stalled and then declined
• The state paid $50,000 a year to incarcerate young men it would not

spend $10,000 a year to educate

• Corrections costs outstripped spending on public higher education

Policy Analysis for California Education

Proposition 13: Fiscal Consequences

• Strict limits on property taxes
• Windfall for property owners, including businesses
• Huge reservoir of untaxed wealth
• Key contributor to gentrification, inequality
• Excessive dependence on income taxes, capital gains taxes
• Cyclical volatility in state revenues
• CA tax rates are high, tax effort is low

Policy Analysis for California Education

Proposition 13: Policy Consequences

• Proposition 98
• Revenue guarantee for schools and community colleges
• Ceiling, not a floor
• Centralized control of revenue in Sacramento
• Categorical funding
• Mandates and regulation
• Public School Accountability Act
• Test-based accountability
• School rankings

Policy Analysis for California Education

Fragmented Educational Governance (I)

• Early Childhood Education

Policy Analysis for California Education

Policy Analysis for California Education

Fragmented Educational Governance (II)

• K-12
• Proliferation of state agencies
• 58 counties
• 1000 school districts
• 1300 charter schools
• Post-secondary
• Four autonomous systems of higher education
• 72 community college districts, 114 colleges
• No state data system

Policy Analysis for California Education

Dire consequences for schools and students

• Inadequate funding
• Too few adults in schools
• Administrators, counselors, librarians, nurses
• Teacher shortages, especially bi-lingual and special education
• Low achievement compared to other states
• Wide achievement gaps
• Race
• Language
• Social class

Policy Analysis for California Education

Policy Analysis for California Education

California’s Policy U-Turn

answering tough questions and

Policy Analysis for California Education

In 2011, it began to change….

California is Now on a New Path

• New funding plan
• New approach to

governance

• New standards and

assessments

• New accountability

strategy

Flexible Funding Based on Student Needs

More money for each

• Low-income student
• English learner
• Student in foster care

(unduplicated count) Add-on for districts with concentrations of such students More flexibility:

• Elimination of most categorical

funding programs

• Budgeting to meet educational goals
• Community involvement
• Measurement toward goals
• County oversight
• Annual updates

New Standards & Assessments

• Adoption of Common Core State Standards

and Next Generation Science Standards

• Changes in the Assessment System
• - Shift to Smarter Balanced Assessments

✓Greater focus on higher order skills ✓Use of performance items and tasks

• - Elimination of other tests
• - Assessments used for information and

improvement, not sanctions and punishments

A New Concept of Accountability

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Multiple Measures: Opportunities and Outcomes

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Student Achievement

• - SBAC Test Scores / Gains
• - English Proficiency Gains
• -Evidence of College & Career

Readiness (e.g AP, IB, dual credit) Student Engagement

• -Attendance
• - Dropout rates
• - Graduation rates
• - Evidence from student surveys

Other Outcomes

• - Completion of a college or career

ready pathway

• - Completion of a workplace

learning or community service experience School Climate

• - Suspensions, Expulsions
• - Student & Professional Supports

(student, teacher, and parent surveys) Parent Involvement

• - Efforts to seek parental input
• - Evidence of parent participation

(parent surveys) Basic Services

• - Teacher Qualifications
• - Access to materials
• - Adequate Facilities

Implementation of Common Core

• - Access to CCSS instructional

practices

• - Access to CCSS professional

develppment Curriculum Access

• - Access to curriculum in the core

academic subjects, STEM, the arts, and physical education

Policy Analysis for California Education

Outcomes es are Turnin ing the e Corner er

• California’s 4 year graduation rate, at 83%, is the

highest in our history.

• Student achievement has grown rapidly, especially

in districts benefiting from LCFF

• 8th grade students went from bottom on NAEP to

near national average in reading and closed the math gap by 50%

• College-going rates are turning upward
• But inequalities remain
• And funding is inadequate

280 282 270 277 261 264 251 263 250 255 260 265 270 275 280 285 290

2007 2017

8th Grade NAEP Scores

California 8th Grade NAEP Scores Have Climbed

Math - National Math - CA Reading - National Reading -CA

Where is California viz a viz World Leaders?

High Performers Combine Quality with Equity

Polic licies in High- Performin ing Natio ions

• Equitable resources to schools
• Equitable access to a rich, thinking

curriculum

• Performance assessments focused on higher
• rder skills
• Major investments in educator preparation

and ongoing support

• Schools designed to support teacher and

student learning

• Supports for children’s welfare, including

health care, income security, and preschool

Next Steps

• Adequate and equitable funding focused on:
• 21st century curriculum and assessments used to

improve teaching & learning

• A thinking curriculum
• Multilingualism; arts; physical fitness
• School designs that support relationships and

deeper learning

• Professional capacity, through high-quality

preparation, professional learning, and sharing of expertise within & across schools.

• Early learning opportunities & community schools

that address the opportunity gap

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What Will a Continuously Improving System Require?

Intervening after Failure has

• ccurred?
• r

Enabling Success? Building a System?

• r

Managing Procedures for identification and intervention?

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Key Questions: Are We…

Elements of a Continuously Improving System

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Learning Supports Information Systems Ongoing review Innovation and Evaluation Knowledge Sharing Strategies

Capacity- Building for Ongoing Improvement

• Data and Ongoing Review:
• - Focus on opportunity and equity
• Learning supports:
• - Professional learning infrastructure & time
• - Training of mentors, coaches, and leaders
• Knowledge sharing:
• - Assemble research and exemplars
• - Support schools & districts in sharing their

successes and learning

• Evaluation:
• - Study major initiatives to improve

implementation and guide future investments

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Policy Analysis for California Education

Chris istopher Edle ley, Jr.

Conditions for Success in California

U.C. Berkeley Law; Former Dean Co-Founder, the Opportunity Institute

37

Policy Analysis for California Education

1.

• 1. New

ew Revenue 2.

• 2. Race

ce, Ethnici icity 3.

• 3. Ear

arly ly Child ildhood

4.

• 4. Paro

arochialism; Wine

38

Policy Analysis for California Education

5.

• 5. Advocate

e for the Evid iden ence

• Infr

frastructure fo for policy choice

• Local Capacity: policy and

andimplementation

• Local Control ≠ Instinct + Politics

6.

• 6. Effecti

tive En Engagement t of Ou Outsiders

• Build capacity; substantive and political value
• Duplex

39

Policy Analysis for California Education

7.

• 7. Acc

ccountabili ility y to Polic lice Devolu lutio ion/Localis lism

• Infrastructure fo

for policy choice

• Local Capacity: policy and

andimplementation

• Local Control ≠ Instinct + Politics

8.

• 8. Effec

ectiv ive En Engagement of Outsid ider ers

• Build their capacity; substantive and political value
• Build their capacity; substantive and political value

40

Policy Analysis for California Education

7.

• 7. Acc

ccountabili ility y to Polic lice Devolu lutio ion/Localis lism

• Data; Dissemination; Teeth

8.

• 8. Ma

Make e Alli lies es; Broader er Progressivi ivism

• Dramatic change iff broader progressive

politics and policy

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9.

• 9. Use

se an equit ity lens, al alway ays

• Eq

Equity is often a secondary policy goal

• Principle: Design fo

for Disadva vantage

Policy Analysis for California Education

Chris istopher Edle ley, Jr.

Marijuana Is Legal In California

U.C. Berkeley Law; Former Dean Co-Founder, the Opportunity Institute

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