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WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications PI: I: Su Subha hanshu nshu Gupta ta Graduate uate student( dent(s): Erfan Ghaderi, Chase Puglisi,

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SLIDE 1

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

Oct Oct 18 18, 2019

1

PI: I: Su Subha hanshu nshu Gupta ta

Graduate uate student( dent(s): Erfan Ghaderi, Chase Puglisi, Shrestha Bansal, Qiuyan Xu

School of Elec. Engineering and Comp. Sci. Washington State University, Pullman – WA https://labs.wsu.edu/systems-on-chip

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SLIDE 2

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

Outline

2

❖Motivation ❖Background ❖Proposed Discrete-Time Delay-Compensation

❑ True-time-delay beamforming for wide modulated BW and large arrays ❑ Spatial interference cancellation with wideband NULL

❖Conclusions

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SLIDE 3

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

Motivation

Communications Key challenges

  • Network of CubeSat crosslinks
  • Swarm-to-ground

communication

  • Network Scaling
  • Local ranging up to 100 km
  • Low-power edge computing
  • mmWave links among

CubeSats

  • True-time-delay beamforming

(ongoing)

  • Single/multiple spatial

interference cancellation → near-far problem

  • Closed-loop DoA estimation

(ongoing)

3 CH1

Delay ay Compen pens BB BB LO/ SPI

3mm

1.2mm

True-time-Delay Beamforming

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SLIDE 4

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

Motivation

4

UE1 UE2 AP Side-lobe Interference Sector Boundary Main-lobe Side-lobe Spatial-notch UE2: Uplink Mode UE1: Downlink Mode

❖Dense small cells ❖Aggressive frequency re-use ❖MIMO ❖Co-channel (same frequency) ❖Inter-sectoral interference

Spatial Interference Cancellation (SpICa)

TX BS1

16-CH +6dBm 30m

Subcarriers

500MHz BW

RX TX BS2

16-CH +6dBm

Spatial Int. Canc. w/ Wideband Null

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SLIDE 5

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

Outline

5

❖Motivation ❖Background ❖Proposed Discrete-Time Delay-Compensation

❑ True-time-delay beamforming for wide modulated BW and large arrays ❑ Spatial interference cancellation with wideband NULL

❖Conclusions

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SLIDE 6

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

RF/Analog Phase Shift Beamforming

6

f φ

Δφ Δφ Δφ

+

ADC

A1 A2 AN θ

❖Valid phase shift approximation for narrow- band signal ❖Large antenna arrays suffer from lower normalized 3dB bandwidth (NBW3dB) ❖Bandpass filtering results in signal distortion and performance degradation ❖Easy to implement

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SLIDE 7

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

Leakage in Phase-Shifter based Phased Arrays

7

Apps fc (GHz) Hz) BW (MH MHz) z) N SUD Max Conversion nversion Gain in PS-Ba Based sed SpICa Ca (dB) 802. 2.11 11ay 60 8640 4

  • 7.1

.1 802. 2.11 11ac ac 5 160 8

  • 14.0

4.0 5G NR n261 28 800 16

  • 9.1

.1 5G NR n71 0.6 20 32

  • 5.1

.1

0.9 0.95 1 1.05 1.1

Normalized Frequency

0.5 1

SUD Conversion Gain

N=4 N=8 N=16 N=32

0 dB

  • 6 dB
  • 10 dB
  • 14 dB
  • 20 dB

❖ Cancel

ncellat latio ion n of

  • f u

undesired esired sig ignal al (SUD

UD)

❖ Leakag

kage e is is d dependent endent on

  • n:

Bandwidth (BW), Center frequency (fc), Number of elements, (N).

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SLIDE 8

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

RF TTD Beamforming

8

❖No frequency-dependency in beamforming gain ❖Mismatched components at RF ❖Power hungry RF active delay implementations ❖Femto-second resolutions at mmWave frequencies ❖Limited range of delay elements

f φ

Δt Δt Δt

+

ADC

A1 A2 AN θ

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SLIDE 9

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

Digital TTD Beamforming

9

❖Higher ADC dynamic range due to no RF/Analog spatial processing ❖N Power hungry ADCs ❖No frequency-dependency in beamforming gain

f φ

ADC1

A1 A2 AN θ

ADC2 ADCN

D S P

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SLIDE 10

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

TTD vs Phase Shift Wideband Beamforming

10 Δt1 Δt2 ΔtN

A1 A2 AN θ

+

Δφ21 Δφ2M Δφ1 Δφ2 ΔφN

A1 A2 AN θ

+

Δφ11 Δφ1M ΔφN1 ΔφNM

❖Phase shift

  • Variable phase shift for

different sub-carriers ❖TTD

  • Constant time delay for the

entire bandwidth

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SLIDE 11

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

Cancellation requirements w/ TTD-based arrays

11

Apps fc (GHz) BW (GHz) N BB TTD Implementation Requirements RF TTD Requirements ∆tUD Inter- element Range (ps) Overall Range N−1 ∙∆tUD (ps) ∆φUD Resolution for 40 dB SpICa (o) ∆tUD Resoluti

  • n for 40

dB SpICa (ps) ∆tUD resolution for 40 dB SpICa (ps) 802.11ay 60 8640 4 8.3 25 1.2 0.395 0.053 802.11ac 5 160 8 100.0 700 0.9 15.17 0.48 5G NR n261 28 800 16 17.9 268 0.6 2.153 0.060 5G NR n71 0.6 20 32 833.3 25833 0.4 60.97 2.00

❖TTD requirement in baseband is significantly relaxed ❖Needs a resolution of 2ps (BB TTD) instead of 60fs (RF TTD) at 28GHz. ❖This makes it attractive to do TTD based SpICa at Baseband

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SLIDE 12

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

Delay Compensation Methods

12

RF/IF/LO phase shift → single frequency IF Time Delay + RF/LO Phase Shift → multiple frequencies

Δt LO Δφ LO Δt LO Δt Δφ Δt LO Δφ

This Work

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SLIDE 13

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

Outline

13

❖Motivation ❖Background ❖Proposed Discrete-Time Delay-Compensation

❑ True-time-delay beamforming for wide modulated BW and large arrays ❑ Spatial interference cancellation with wideband NULL

❖Conclusions

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SLIDE 14

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

Discrete-time Delay Compensation Technique

14

Δt (N-1)Δt

IN1 φ1 t IN2 φ2 t INN φN t

❖Discrete time implementation ❖Introducing delay in signal path is HARD ❖Introduce the delay in the CLOCK PATH ❖Digitally controlled delay compensation ❖Scalable

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SLIDE 15

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

15 Δt (N-1)Δt

IN1 φ1 t IN2 φ2 t INN φN t

Discrete-time Beamforming

Time alignment – delay compensation

❖Discrete time implementation ❖NOT in the signal path ❖Minimum number of ADCs ❖Digitally controlled delay compensation ❖Scalable

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SLIDE 16

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

Proposed Discrete-Time BMFRM Arch.

16

Analog Discrete-time Beamforming

SCA1

IN1 IN2 INN

φ1 φ2 φN σ

OUT

φ11 φ21 φN1 σ1

INN IN2 IN1

IN CLK OUT RST

N Downconverted RF signals

SCA2

IN1 IN2 INN

φ1 φ2 φN σ

OUT

φ12 φ22 φN2 σ2

SCAM

IN1 IN2 INN

φ1 φ2 φN σ

OUT

φ1Mφ2M φNM σM

To ADC

IN1

φ1 σ

IN2

φ2 σ

CS INN

φN σ

. . .

OUT CF RST OUT IN

❖Non-Uniform-Sampling based switched-capacitor array ❖NOT in the signal path ❖1 ADC per beam ❖Digitally controlled delay compensation ❖Scalable ❖High clocking power consumption

Ghaderi, Gupta TCAS-1’19

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SLIDE 17

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

17

Δt TS (N-1)*Δt (M-1)*TS M*TS

CLK φ11 φ12 φ1M φ21 φ22 φ2M φN1 φN2 φNM σ1 σ2 σM RST

❖Delay compensation through phase interpolation ❖M-levels of interleaving for covering larger delay ranges ❖fs = 1 / Ts = 2*fBW ∆tmax = N − 1 ∙∆t|θ=±60 = 3 2 ∙ N − 1 ∙ d λc ∙ 1 fc

Discrete-time Delay Compensating Arch.

Clocking

Ghaderi, Gupta TCAS-1’19

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SLIDE 18

SSCS/MS Seminar

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Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

18

Switched-Capacitor Adder (SCA)

M1

P11 CS

0.86pF

P11 S1 S1

BB1

P41 CS

0.86pF

P41 S1 S1

BB4

CF

0.86pF

RST

OUT M4

Interference canc. at the OTA virtual ground

❖Parasitic insensitive topology ❖Wide bandwidth OTA with 3mW /200 MHz 3dB BW ❖Interference cancellation at the virtual ground node → output swing and linearity requirement easy to meet ❖Sampling cap designed to meet thermal noise for 10-bit resolution. ❖𝛾 is limited when using multiple elements

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SLIDE 19

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

19

Clock Generation Unit

Proposed Time Interleaver with 8-bit Phase Interpolator

Quadrature Phase Generator

fclk

800MHz I

+

I- Q

+

Q

  • I

+

I- Q

+

Q

  • 200MHz

Time Interleaver Quadrant Sel MUX Time Interleaver

Io

+

Io

  • Qo

+

Qo

  • Io

+

Io

  • Qo

+

Qo

  • 200MHz

θ Io

+

Io

  • Qo

+

Qo

  • Io

+

Io

  • Qo

+

Qo

  • θ

Time Interleaver Time Interleaver

2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 50MHz I

+

I- Q Q

  • I

+

I- Q Q

  • Quadrant

Sel MUX 8b PI 8b PI

θ θ

8b PI 8b PI

IN IN90 IN180 IN270 IN IN90 IN180 IN270 IN IN90 IN180 IN270 IN IN90 IN180 IN270 P11 P12P13 P14 P21 P22P23 P24 P41 P42P43 P44 P31 P32P33 P34 200MHz 50MHz

B[7:0] IN0 θ1 θ2 θ1 θ2 Quad Sel[1:0]

8b PI

θ1 θ1 θ2 B[0]

Io

+

Io

  • B[0]

θ2

1 1 1 1

θ1 θ1 θ2 θ2 θ1 θ1 θ2 B[0]

Qo

+

Qo

  • B[0]

θ2

1 1 1 1

θ1 θ1 θ2 θ2 IN90 IN180IN270

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SLIDE 20

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

Example Delay Compensating for 4ns

20

00000000

5ns 5ns

4ns 8b PI

0ns IN0 IN90 IN180 IN270 Io

+

Qo

+

Io

  • Qo
  • 5ns

0ns 10ns

Time Interleaver P11 P12 P13 P14 8b PI

0.25ns IN0 IN90 IN180 IN270 Io

+

Qo

+

Io

  • Qo
  • 5ns

0ns 10ns

P21 P22 P23 P24 8b PI

0.5ns IN0 IN90 IN180 IN270 Io

+

Qo

+

Io

  • Qo
  • 5ns

0ns 10ns

P31 P32 P33 P34 8b PI

0.75ns IN0 IN90 IN180 IN270 Io

+

Qo

+

Io

  • Qo
  • 5ns

0ns 10ns

P41 P42 P43 P44 8ns 12ns

CTRL CTRL

0ns 5ns 10ns D Q D Q D Q D Q OUT4

IN

00110011 01100110 10011001 0ns 3.75ns 2.5ns 1.25ns OUT3 OUT2 OUT1

Time Interleaver Time Interleaver Time Interleaver

❖ States of the time- interleaver and important phases for delay compensation of 4 ns between consecutive antennas. ❖ 4-phases with 12.5% ON-time from a time interleaver ❖ Delay of 15ns and resolution of 5ps deliberately chosen for both communication and future initial access modes

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SLIDE 21

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

21

Discrete-time Delay Compensating Arch.

Test Setup

DUT

Baluns Bias Tees

f

MATLAB generated WB signals modeling four antennas BB1+ BB1- BB2+ BB2- BB3+ BB3- BB4+ BB4- National Instruments PXI-5450E 8-outputs AWG Analog Discovery2 for SPI/I2C Interface Keithley 2450 voltage source Keithley 6221 current source Rohde & Schwarz FSP40 Spectrum Analyzer Keysight Infiniivision MSOX3104T Oscilloscope Laptop – offline computation in MATLAB

145 MHz analog bandwidth

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Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

22

Discrete-time Delay Compensating Arch.

Results

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Frequency (MHz)

11 11.5 12 12.5

Beamforming Gain (dB)

θ=0o θ=60o

Power (dBm) Frequency (MHz)

  • 50
  • 70
  • 90
  • 110

25 75 50 100 Power (dBm) Frequency (MHz)

  • 50
  • 70
  • 90
  • 110

25 75 50 100

80MHz ~12dB

4 applied inputs 1 applied input

Single-tone

  • 1
  • 0.5

0.5 1 In-phase Amplitude

  • 1
  • 0.5

0.5 1 Quadrature Amplitude EVM=4.6% (-26.7dB)

  • 1
  • 0.5

0.5 1 In-phase Amplitude

  • 1
  • 0.5

0.5 1 Quadrature Amplitude EVM=2.9% (-30.7dB)

w/o Blocker w/12dB Blocker

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SLIDE 23

SSCS/MS Seminar

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Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

23

Discrete-time Delay Compensating Arch.

Measurement Results (sample)

  • 90
  • 60
  • 30

30 60 90

θ (o)

  • 80
  • 70
  • 60
  • 50
  • 40
  • 30
  • 20
  • 10

Normalized Beamforming Gain (dB)

Ideal Measurement

  • 90
  • 60
  • 30

30 60 90 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Ideal Measurement

  • 90
  • 60
  • 30

30 60 90

θ (o)

  • 80
  • 70
  • 60
  • 50
  • 40
  • 30
  • 20
  • 10

Normalized Beamforming Gain (dB)

Ideal Measurement

  • 90
  • 60
  • 30

30 60 90 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Ideal Measurement

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SLIDE 24

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

24

Discrete-time Delay Compensating Arch.

Comparison w/ state-of-the-art

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SLIDE 25

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Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

25

Discrete-time Delay Compensating Arch.

SCAM

IN1

IN2 INN

SCA2

IN1

IN2 INN

LO

Δφ

LO

Δφ

LO

Δφ

A1 A2 AN

SCA1

IN1 IN2 INN IN OUT

R-Bit ADC

OUT OUT

❖Large # of elements, wider BW → higher gain-bandwidth OTA ❖Example target system: 1500 elements, 3ns scan range, 6-bit resolution, 500MHz BW ❖Increasing N increases M and digital power consumption ❖Analog beamforming cannot support large array or BW

❖Solution: ❖Hybrid Beamforming

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SLIDE 26

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Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

26

Discrete-time Delay Compensating Arch.

Hybrid Beamforming

❖Dividing the large array into smaller sub-arrays ❖Relaxing sub-array’s analog requirement ❖Energy-efficient compared to digital beamformer ❖Higher latency ❖Can the TTD-element be used towards decreasing this latency?

SCAMH

IN1 IN2

SCA2

IN1 INN LO Δφ LO Δφ A1 AN/NH

SCA1

IN1 INN/NH IN OUT

R-Bit ADC1 SCAMH

IN1 IN2

SCA2

IN1 INN LO Δφ LO Δφ AN

SCA1

IN1 INN/NH OUT OUT OUT IN OUT

R-Bit ADCH

OUT OUT OUT AN−N/NH+1

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Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

27

Parametric Modeling of TTD Beamformers

∆tmax= N − 1 ∙∆t|θ=±60= 3 2 ∙ N − 1 ∙ d λc ∙ 1 fc Tc−max= M − 1 ∙Ts = (M − 1)/fs M≥1+ d λc/2 ∙ 3 2 ∙ N − 1 ∙ BW fc

❖Parameterize:

❑ delay between first and last antennas, ❑ fractional bandwidth, ❑ # of interleaving levels, ❑ ADC/PI resolution, ❑ area and power consumption

❖±90o coverage ❖M-levels of interleaving ❖Conform to Nyquist sampling

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SLIDE 28

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Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

28

Parametric Modeling of TTD Beamformers

PPI,8-bit = 44mW / 200 MHz PADC,5-bit = 1.2mW / 250 MHz POTA = 3mW/100MHz

❖R-bit ADC, K-bit phase interpolation ❖Larger arrays or moderate to high ADC resolution: Hybrid ❖Smaller arrays or lower ADC resolution: Digital

N= N=16 N= N=128 28

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SLIDE 29

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

Outline

29

❖Motivation ❖Background ❖Proposed Discrete-Time Delay-Compensation

❑ True-time-delay beamforming for wide modulated BW and large arrays ❑ Spatial interference cancellation with wideband NULL

❖Conclusions

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Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

30

Spatial Interference Cancellation

SpICa: Proposed Architecture

fLO nΔt

D2 D1

fLO

D4 D3 D4 D3 D4 D3

Δφ Δφ

Orthogonal Truncated Hadamard Transform Matrix

ADC ADC ADC

D4 D3

(n-1) Δt

D4 D3 D2 D1 D2 D1 D4 D3 D4 D3 D4 D3

Δt1 Δt2 Δt4 Delay-Compensation Array Truncated Hadamard Transform Matrix Time-Aligned Interference Signals X

  • B

A R No Interference Residue IN1 IN4

IN1+/- IN4+/- IN1+/- IN4+/- IN1+/- IN4+/-

This Work

ADC

Desired signal, SDES Undesired Signal, SUNDES

θundes θdes fc fc

fb

100MHz

fc + fb fc - fb fc +fb fc -fb Δφ Δφ

fLO fLO

N-bits N-bits N-bits

Binary Weights

𝟐 −𝟐 𝟐 −𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 −𝟐 −𝟐 𝟐 −𝟐 −𝟐 𝟐

ADC ADC

❖Wideband interference cancellation ❖Lower ADC dynamic range → power consumption ❖Easy Hadamard Matrix implementation using differential solution ❖Higher clocking power

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Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

31

Δt1 Δt2 Δt4 Delay-Compensation Array Truncated Hadamard Transform Matrix Time-Aligned Interference Signals X

  • B

A R No Interfe Residue IN1 IN4

IN1+/- IN4+/- IN1+/- IN4+/- IN1+/- IN4+/-

This Work

θ θ Δφ Δφ

Binary Weights

𝟐 −𝟐 𝟐 −𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 −𝟐 −𝟐 𝟐 −𝟐 −𝟐 𝟐

SpICa: Concept

Truncated Hadamard Transform Matrix

❖Identical to Hadamard Transform with first row (all 1’s) deleted ❖Comprises only +1, -1 ❖N-1 outputs ❖Differential implementation requires NO extra hardware ❖Scalable

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Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

SpICa: Circuits

32

Proposed Multiply-Accumulate (MAC)

To ADC1

IN1+ IN1- IN2+ IN2- IN3+ IN3- IN4+ IN4-

M1

IN1+ IN2+ IN3- IN4-

M2

IN1+ IN2+ IN3- IN4-

M3

IN1+ IN2+ IN3- IN4-

M4

IN1+ IN2+ IN3- IN4-

M1

IN1+ IN2- IN3- IN4+

M2

IN1+ IN2- IN3- IN4+

M3

IN1+ IN2- IN3- IN4+

M4

IN1+ IN2- IN3- IN4+

M1

φ11 φ41

IN1+ IN2- IN3+ IN4-

φ21 φ31

M2

φ12 φ42

IN1+ IN2- IN3+ IN4-

φ22 φ32

M3

φ13 φ43

IN1+ IN2- IN3+ IN4-

φ23 φ33

M4

φ14 φ44

IN1+ IN2- IN3+ IN4-

φ24 φ34

OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT

Σ

RST OUT

Σ

RST OUT

Σ

RST

X-BAR

To ADC2 To ADC3

IN IN IN

MAC1 MAC2 MAC3

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Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

33

Discrete-time Delay Compensating Arch.

Test Setup

DUT

Baluns Bias Tees

f

MATLAB generated WB signals modeling four antennas BB1+ BB1- BB2+ BB2- BB3+ BB3- BB4+ BB4- National Instruments PXI-5450E 8-outputs AWG Analog Discovery2 for SPI/I2C Interface Keithley 2450 voltage source Keithley 6221 current source Rohde & Schwarz FSP40 Spectrum Analyzer Keysight Infiniivision MSOX3104T Oscilloscope Laptop – offline computation in MATLAB

145 MHz analog bandwidth

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Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

SpICa: Measurement Results

34

SpICa for Single-tone Input from 1 to 100MHz for varying Δtd

2nd MAC Row 1st MAC Row 3rd MAC Row

1 20 40 60 80 100 Frequency (MHz) 46 48 50 52 Cancellation (dB) 1 20 40 60 80 100 Frequency (MHz) 46 48 50 52 Cancellation (dB) 1 20 40 60 80 100 Frequency (MHz) 46 48 50 52 Cancellation (dB)

OUT1 OUT2 OUT3

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SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

35

Power (dBm)

  • 100
  • 70
  • 40

Frequency (MHz) 25 50 75 100 Power (dBm)

  • 100
  • 70
  • 40

Frequency (MHz) 25 50 75 100 Power (dBm)

  • 100
  • 70
  • 40

Frequency (MHz) 25 50 75 100

35 dB SpICa

4 applied inputs 1 applied input

EVM=11.5%

Power (dBm)

  • 100
  • 70
  • 40

Frequency (MHz) 25 50 75 100

35 dB SpICa DES Signal 35 MHz UNDES Signal 35 MHz DES Signal UNDES

4 applied inputs 1 applied input 4 applied inputs 1 applied input

SpICa: Measurement Results

Modulated BW Interference Cancellation

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SLIDE 36

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

36

SpICa: Comparison with state of the art

JSSC2017 [3] ISSCC2019 [4] RFIC2016 [6] ISSCC2013 [7] ISSCC2017 [8]

This Work rk # Elements 4 inputs, 4 outputs 4 inputs, 4 outputs 4 input, 1 output 4 inputs, 1 output 8 inputs, 8 outputs 4 inputs, 3 outputs uts

  • Tech. (nm)

CMOS 65 CMOS SOI 45 CMOS 65 CMOS 65 CMOS 65 CMOS 65 VDD (V) 1.2 NR 1.3-1.5 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 Resolution (Amp/Phase) Phase: 6.5-b (3.8°) Amp: 3.9-b NR 6-b I/Q Phase: 3-b 14-b 8-b (5ps) Overall delay range: 15ns BB Power Not Available (RF+BB implementation) Not Applicable (RF only implementation) Not Applicable (RF only implementation) 36mW/40MHz1 91mW/350kHz Analog: 8mW Clock: 44mW Tota tal: 52mW Area (mm2) 2.25 23.4 3.8 2.25 3.24 0.9 0.9 PIN1dB

2 (dBm)

Not Available

  • 27.33

Not Available

  • 53

Not Available 4.7 4.73 PIIP3

2 (dBm)

  • 293, 4, 5
  • 154,6

Not Available 0-2.6 Not Available 10.6 10.6 Noise Performance 3.4-5.8 dB5 (Noise Figure) 4.3-6.3 dB (Noise Figure) 9.5 dB5 (Noise Figure) 3-6 dB (Noise Figure) Not Available 330 µVrms

ms

(Output-re refe ferr rred) SpICa Frequency 0.3-0.7GHz 900MHz @28GHz 100MHz @10GHz 40MHz @2.4GHz 350kHz 1-100MH 0MHz NB-SpICa7 Cancellation (dB) 20 50-62 20 < 38 84 46 46-51 51 Range (MHz) 320 9009 100 40 0.35 99 99 Modulated

  • SpICa

Cancellation (dB) – 208 – – Not Available >35 BW 500 MHz10 135 kHz 80 MHz

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SLIDE 37

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

Outline

37

❖Motivation ❖Background ❖Preliminary Work

❑ True-time-delay beamforming for wide modulated BW and large arrays ❑ Spatial interference cancellation with wideband NULL

❖Conclusions

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SLIDE 38

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

Conclusions

38

❖Demonstrated digitally-tunable delay-compensating technique with 5ps resolution and 15ns range for precision beamforming. ❖ SpICa with wideband null covering 100% fractional BW ❖Frequency-independent gain over a bandwidth of 100MHz (extended in ongoing works to 500MHz) with <50mW power consumption. ❖Future work will

❑

Demonstrate discrete-time delay compensating technique for wide modulated bandwidths

❑

Low-latency initial access

❑

mmWave Testbed with closed-loop optimization for TTD arrays

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SLIDE 39

SSCS/MS Seminar

WASHING INGTO TON STATE TE UNIVERSIT NIVERSITY

Integrated True-Time-Delay based Large-Scale Arrays for Spatially Diverse Applications

Acknowledgements

❖Graduate students at Systems-on-Chip and ARMAG Lab ❖National Science Foundation (Award #1705026) for partial support ❖Dr. Deuk Heo at WSU, Dr. Sudip Shekhar at UBC, Dr. Akbar Sayeed at UWisc ❖Dr. Danijela Cabric, Han Yan, and Veljko at UCLA ❖MOSIS and CMC for partial support in chip fabrication ❖Xilinx for hardware donation ❖Keysight and National Instruments for testbed support through university loan programs ❖Cadence and Mentor for CAD support

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