Initiatives in Transport Sector - Abhay Damle, Joint Secretary , Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Evolution of Emission Standards Standard Equivalent Year Region India 2000 Euro 1 2000 Nationwide Bharat Stage II Euro 2 2001 - 2005 Phased Implementation Bharat Stage III Euro 3 2005 - 2010 Phased Implementation Bharat Stage IV Euro 4 2010 - 2017 Phased Implementation Bharat Stage VI Euro 6 2020 Nationwide Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Consumption of Fuel Consumption in ‘000 MT) Year Consumption (in ‘000 MT ) Year MS HSD MS HSD 2007-08 10332 47669 2016-17 23765 76027 2006-07 9286 42897 2015-16 21847 74647 2005-06 8647 40191 2014-15 19075 69416 2004-05 8251 39650 2013-14 17128 68364 2003-04 7897 37074 2012-13 15744 69080 2011-12 14993 64750 2002-03 7570 36645 2010-11 14192 60071 2001-02 7011 36546 2009-10 12818 56242 2000-01 6613 37958 2008-09 11258 51710 Since 2000, the consumption of Gasoline and Diesel has doubled and quadrupled respectively.
Consumption of Fuel 80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 Co�su�ptio� i� ‘000 MT) MS 30000 Co�su�ptio� i� ‘000 MT) HSD 20000 10000 0
Automobile Growth Year Population of Year Population of Automobiles Automobiles 97242430 2008-09 218621280 2016-17 96544350 2007-08 204689710 2015-16 101239880 2006-07 197243710 2014-15 89064280 2005-06 184232230 2013-14 78976290 2004-05 177937010 68105370 2012-13 2003-04 59415350 2002-03 173766240 2011-12 52252580 2001-02 154813810 2010-11 46434220 2000-01 122953970 2009-10 Since 2000, the number of automobiles has more than quadrupled.
Population of Automobiles 25000000 20000000 15000000 10000000 5000000 0 Since 2000, the number of automobiles has more than quadrupled.
Leap Frogging from BSIV to BSVI 7 Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Pollution Control In India Fuel Quality In India 10 ppm entire country BSVI Nationwide- 2020 50 ppm 2010 - 2017 350 ppm Sulphur 2005 - 2010 500 ppm Sulphur 2004 - 2005 2500 ppm Sulphur -1997 - 2000 5000 ppm Sulphur 1996 - 1997 Conserving Now, Preserving Future
BSVI- Overview for 2W, 3W And 4W Year CO HC + NOx % % HC+NOx g/km g/km CO 1/12 times 1991 12 8 -- -- 2017 1.403 1.18 88 85 2020 1.0 0.16 29 86 1/50 times Conserving Now, Preserving Future
BSVI- Overview for 2W, 3W And 4W Year CO HC + NOx % % 3W Emission Norms SI g/km g/km CO HC+NOx 1991 12 8 -- -- 1/27 times 2017 0.940 0.940 92 98 2020 0.440 0.435 53 54 1/18 times Conserving Now, Preserving Future
BSVI- Overview for 2W, 3W And 4W 3W Emission Norms Diesel 1/40 times 1/55 times Year CO HC + PM % CO % % PM g/km NOx g/km HC+NOx 1/6 times g/km 1991 12 8 -- -- -- -- 2017 0.380 0.380 0.0425 97 95 -- 2020 0.220 0.200 0.025 42 47 41 Conserving Now, Preserving Future
BSVI- Overview for 2W, 3W And 4W 4W Emission Norms Diesel 1/28 times 1/29 times Year CO HC + HC NOx PM PN g/km NOx g/km g/km g/km g/km 1/31 times g/km 1991 14.3 4.7 -- -- -- -- 2010 0.5 0.3 -- 0.25 0.035 -- 6.0X10 11 2020 0.5 0.17 -- .08 0.0045 Conserving Now, Preserving Future
BSVI- Overview for 2W, 3W And 4W Year CO HC + NOx HC NOx PM PN (GDI) g/km g/km g/km g/km g/km Numbers/km 4W Emission Norms SI vehicle 1991 14.3 -- 2.0 -- -- -- 2010 1.0 - 0.10 0.08 -- -- 6.0X10 11 1/14 times 2020 1.0 0.17 0.10 0.06 0.0045 1/19 times Conserving Now, Preserving Future
BSVI- Overview for 2W, 3W And 4W-HDV 4W-HDV Emission Norms steady state cycle 1/45 times 1/9 times Year CO HC NOx PM PN g/kWh g/kWh g/kWh g/kWh Numbers/kW h 1/36 times 1991 14 3.5 18 -- -- 2010 1.5 0.46 3.5 0.02 -- 2020 1.5 0.13 0.40 0.01 8.0X10 11 Conserving Now, Preserving Future
BSVI- Overview for 2W, 3W And 4W-HDV 4W-HDV Emission Norms Transient cycle 1/12 times 1/1.5 times Year CO HC NOx PM PN 1/10 times g/kW g/kWh g/kWh g/kWh Numbers/k h Wh 2005 5.45 0.78 5.0 0.16 -- 2010 4.0 0.46 3.5 0.03 -- 2020 1.5 0.13 0.46 0.01 6.0X10 11 Conserving Now, Preserving Future
BOOST TO ALTERNATE FUELS Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Alternate Fuels Alternative fuels (specially Natural Gas), proved to be promising alternate energy source from the point of view of emission reduction economics of operation Indian regulations are being continuously upgraded Performance and safety aspects are given equal importance Gradual harmonization with International regulations . Emphasis to be given on involving all the stake holders. The real challenge ahead is to ensure the best safety practices and continuous up gradation of technology in Alternate fuelled vehicles . 17 Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Ethanol & Ethanol Blended fuel • Ethanol is a renewable, domestically produced alcohol fuel made from plant material, such as corn, sugar cane • E5 and E10 are blends of ethanol and gasoline [number after the "E" indicates the percentage of ethanol] • E85, also called flex fuel , is an ethanol-gasoline blend containing approx 85% (range is 51% to 85% )ethanol and 15% petrol • Govt has issued a regulation for E-85 as an automotive fuel • ED95 Ethanol Blend; Compression-ignition (diesel operation) engine system; This improves engine efficiency. Govt has issued a regulation for ED95 as an automotive fuel Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Bio-Diesel It is cleaner than conventional diesel; bio diesel produces significantly less harmful emissions than regular petroleum diesel when burned in a combustion engine. It can be burned in neat form (100% bio diesel) or it can be blended with regular petroleum diesel in any concentrations, such as 2% (B2), 5% (B5) and 20% (B20 ) Govt has notified B-100 as an automotive fuel Di-Methyl Ether (DME) • Cetane number of DME is more than 55, so it is a suitable fuel for Compression Ignition Engine • Properties are similar to LPG • Best fuel for CI engine Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Methanol- CI Engine • High hydrogen to Carbon ratio • High octane blending component that allows for higher compression and decreases CO emissions • Fuel made from non petroleum feedstock such as natural gas, coal and residue/biomass etc. • Toxicity is an issue which is being addressed , by adding additives. Hydrogen as a fuel • Clean fuel with only NOx emissions. • Can be used in IC engines and Fuel cells • Safety is critical due to high flammability of the fuel. • Metal Embrittlement tendency requires composite cylinders for storage. • Hydrogen as auto fuel is notified for BS VI vehicles Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Du Dual l Fuel uel Combus mbustion tion Technologi hnologies es • A Dual fuel engine is a CI engine • Dual fuel engine runs on Diesel and Natural Gas (LNG/CNG/Bio CNG) simultaneously • Small Pilot Injection of diesel ignites gas mixture • Average substitution of Diesel by Gas is 60 – 85 % • Engine can run on 100 % Diesel anytime • Technology best suited for larger engines Emiss ssio ion n Reducti ction on by 30-40 % Regulations for the use of Dual Fuel Diesel-CNG technology are under preparation Conserving Now, Preserving Future
E-Rickshaw and Electric Mobility Conserving Now, Preserving Future
E-Rickshaw- Salient Features “E - rickshaw” means a special purpose battery operated vehicle having three wheels and intended to provide last mile connectivity for transport of passengers for hire or reward, provided: i) Such vehicle is constructed or adapted to carry not more than four passengers, excluding the driver, and not more than forty kilograms luggage in total; ii) The net power of its motor is not more than 2000 W; iii) The maximum speed of the vehicle is not more than 25km/h Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Greening of Highways • India intends to create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalents through additional forests and tree cover by 2030 through national afforestation programmes and large scale plantations schemes. • The Green Highways Policy – 2015, Govt of India - to undertake afforestation in the form of median and avenue plantation along 1 lakh KM National Highways network. This greening program has potential of bringing around 4 lakh acres (1.62 lakh ha) area under green cover, thereby contributing towards sequestration of 12 lakh MT of carbon annually . • In last one year, plantation of around 10 lakh plants including median plantation have already been undertaken along National Highways, with current year target of planting 20 lakh more trees. Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Recycling in Road Construction Environment Economics - Benefits = Energy Engineering = and Society Profile Conservation + Geometry + Benefits Resource Preservation Durability Recycling has been practiced on around 6000 lane Km so far. Advantages: • Engineering – Gradation, Geometry, Durability, Roughness Index, Quality revived • Environment – Conservation of Aggregates & Bitumen by re-use of existing road material • Economic- Saves to the extent of 10-30% with respect to conventional methodology Conserving Now, Preserving Future
THANK YOU Conserving Now, Preserving Future
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