How urban public transport organisation can promote success of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

How urban public transport organisation can promote success of public transport – A comparison in major European cities

INFRADAY - 10th Conference on Applied Infrastructure Research

Katrin Augustin and Dr. Ralf Hedel Berlin, October 8th, 2011

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Outline

Background & Research Question Methodological Review & Selected Approach Analyses & Results Concluding Remark

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What is the best public transport organisation? Background and research focus

Measuring performance of public transport systems or transport authorities is scarcely investigated.

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What ist performance - What are the objectives?

maximise revenues / cost- coverage minimise production effort maximise demand in environmentally friendly transport modes ... maximise employment ...

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What is the best public transport organisation? Background and research focus

Measuring performance of public transport systems or transport authorities is scarcely investigated. Analyses focusing on institutional constructions of public transport authorities (PTA) lag behind.

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Which role does the actors have? Responsibilities, initiatives and decisions

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What is the best public transport organisation? Background and research focus

Measuring performance of public transport systems or transport authorities is scarcely investigated. Analyses focusing on institutional constructions of PTA lag behind. Little is known about the factors that encourage public transport systems´ performance. Examine local public transport organisations of major European cities with regard to the success of the transportation system. Identification of factors that promote a high local public transport quality and continuous positive developments. Investigation of policy objectives with positive impact on the public transport system.

Methodological Review

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Methodological Review Selected Studies

Bly&Oldfield (1986) subsidies reduce fares and increase amount of service operated each extra 1% of cost covered by subsidy attracts ~ 0.2 to 0.4% increase in passengers Pina & Torres (2001) private management not more efficient than public, exogenous factors are less relevant Karlaftis (2004) efficiency and effectiveness are positively related Sampaio et al. (2008) efficient systems adopted a more democratic power partition among communalities and established a more broad system of tariffs flexible tariff systems decrease costs and improve the operational efficiency

Not revealing WHY system A performs better than system B? Not clear WHICH political objectives and administrative responsibilities have an positive impact?

Methods: DEA, bivariate regressions, logit and cluster analysis

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Selected Approach for the Baseline Study

Methodology, Selection of Cities and indicators Descriptive part: Data gathering (desktop), study visits with experts Quantitative and qualitative assessment Conclusions on success-factors for public transport

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Analysed Indicators

Organisation / institutions involved in PT

• legal and political framework
• support by political stakeholders, partnership thinking, integrate policy making
• main actors and their roles on strategic, tactical and operative level
• degree of competition / tendering, details of award procedures
• financing
• market structure of production side: companies, capabilities/infrastructural

dependencies and market-share Transport performance

• public transport: production, demand & revenues
• other modes: car availability and parking capacities

Structural data:

• population, age structure, commuters
• population and job density

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Case studies

Frankfurt: first German city with consequent division in procurement and operations Zurich: area-wide organisation and comprehensive transportation system London: strong support for public transport by mayor Helsinki: high technical standard of the system and high customer satisfaction Oslo: first city with toll-system in Europe (1990) Stockholm: most dense public transport supply in Europe through strong political support

Analyses & Results

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Descriptive Overview

31 32 21 28 29 23 Mode-share of public transport (% ways] 502 399 536 345 385 546 Cars per 1,000 inh. 56 53 62 62 64 92 Jobs per 100 inh. 5,263 768 3,014 305 2,162 203 8,102 4,835 4,583 403 5,418/ 2,709 Population density build-up area / total area [inh/km²] 1,327,000 1,965,000 1,090,000 7,600,000 1,020,000 673,000 Inhabitants Canton Zürich Province Stockholms län Province Oslo and Akershus Greater London Metro- politan area Helsinki City of Frankfurt Area

Zürich Stockholm Oslo London Helsinki Frankfurt/ M.

Note: All figures based on 2008.

2. 3. 4. 1.

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What has been achieved so far? Development mode-split of public transport (ways)

Note: *base of measurement has changed *

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What has been achieved so far? Relationship between supply and demand

passenger km p. inhabitant (Output) Note: All figures based on 2008.

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What has been achieved so far?

Revevenue per capita compared to mode-split

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Frankfurt London Zürich Stock- holm Oslo Helsinki Rail tendency

Tram, Commuter and Light Rail Regional Train London Under- ground DLR, Tramlink

Design Freedom for Operators

• n the Tactical Level

Commuter Trains

Organisation of production side Differences in the degree of regulation and tendering

Bus

Contracting w/o tendering and competition

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Summary I

High performance and demand of public transport - though - cities can not maximise all

• bjectives simultaneously:

Revenues Mode-split Production efforts Organisation and competition: Public transport production is characterised with high degree of competition and tendering Strong differences exists between bus and rail (infrastructure dependency) Even in cities with city-structural determined restrictions, vital competition can be developed (example London)

Pictures: traffiQ

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Summary II Key factors of success in the public transport market

Well defined roles and responsibilities on a strategical, tactical and

• perational level positively contribute to performance and success.

Division of work between authority and operators allows for allocating chances and risks (operational, financial, etc.) properly between operator and authority. Contracted services are clearly defined and incentives for good performance are agreed on. Competition exists; public authorities have a true choice between multiple bidders - Minimise infrastructural dependencies! Case studies with integrated planning and implementation managed by public transport authority showed high degree of customer focus and success on the passenger market. Partnership thinking and cooperation between all actors is necessary to follow common objectives the public transport market.

Concluding Remarks

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Concluding Remarks

Series of on-site-discussions with representatives from different stakeholder-groups (authorities, operators etc.) during study-visits gained extensive insider information Number of cities in the study limited, therefore limited transferability of results (different administrative areas and specifics in statistics hampers numerical comparisons)

Pictures: R. Hedel

Thank you for your attention. Questions and comments are welcome!

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KCW GmbH Fon: +49 (0) 30/40 81 768 – 55 Büro Berlin Fax: +49 (0) 30/40 81 768 – 61 Bernburger Str. 27 Mail: augustin@kcw-online.de D-10963 Berlin Web: www.kcw-online.de Katrin Augustin

• Dr. Ralf Hedel

Consultant Consultant

Thank you for Your interest!

Probst & Consorten Fon: +49 (0) 351/42440 – 11 Marketing-Beratung Fax: +49 (0) 351/42440 – 15 Altleutewitz 11 Mail: r.hedel@probst-consorten.de 01157 Dresden Web: www.probst-consorten.de

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Institutions & Responsibilities The example London

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Literature (Selection)

Bly, P. H. & Oldfield, R. H.: An Analytic Assessment of Subsidies to Bus Services, Transportation Science, 1986, 20, 200-212. Karlaftis, M. G.: A DEA approach for evaluating the efficiency and effectiveness of urban transit systems, European Journal of Operational Research, 2004, 152, pp. 354 – 364. MARETOPE Consortium, 2002, Managing and Assessing Regulatory Evolution in local public Transport Operations in Europe, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Pina, V. & Torres, L.: Analysis of the efficiency of local government services delivery. An application to urban public transport, Transportation Research Part A, 2001, 35, pp. 929-944. Sampaio, B. R.; Neto, O. L. & Sampaio, Y.: Efficiency analysis of public transport systems: Lessons for institutional planning, Transportation Research Part A, 2008, 42,

• pp. 445–454.

Resch : Direktvergabe oder Ausschreibungen in ÖPNV-Systemen. 2006 and 2008 Van Egmond, P.; Nijkamp, P. & Vindigni, G.: A comparative analysis of the performance

• f urban public transport systems in Europe, International Social Science Journal, 2003,

55, 235–247.

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Transport I Room MA 042, 11:45 - 13:15, Session Chair: Ralf Hedel

Augustin, Katrin (KCW) & Dr. Hedel, Ralf (Probst & Consorten): How urban public transport organization can promote success of public transport - A comparison in major European cities Zhang, Li / Matteis, Tilman (KIT): Congestion Costs and Infrastructure development: A Simulation Case Study Elliott, Dan / Smith, Ron (Frontier Economics): Campos, Luis: Empirical analysis of road travel time Bange, Cornelia (KIT): Road user charges on four-lane federal roads