Historical Development Hull provides buoyancy that keeps ship - - PDF document

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Historical Development Hull provides buoyancy that keeps ship - - PDF document

MarineTech MarineTech 2009-2011 2009-2011 Module Description and Goals Hull Design Hull design module gives students insight into types and various designs of hulls It also talks abo t e ol tion of h ll It also talks about


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MarineTech 2009-2011

Hull Design

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MarineTech 2009-2011

Module Description and Goals

  • Hull design module gives students insight into types

and various designs of hulls

  • It also talks abo t e ol tion of h ll

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  • It also talks about evolution of hull
  • This module uses open-ended hands-on activities to

teach basic principles in hull design

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Contents

  • Ship: Definition and Uses 05 min.
  • What is a Hull? 05 min.
  • Historical Development of Hull 15 min.
  • Hands-on Activity – 1: Build a Floating Container 20 min.

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  • Different Hull Bottoms 10 min.
  • Hands-on Activity – 2: Build a Boat 45 min.
  • Hull Shape 10 min.
  • Hands-on Activity – 3: Test Different Hulls 30 min.
  • Ship Resistance 30 min.
  • Suggest a Hull Design

05 min.

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Total Time 3 hours

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What is a Ship ? What are the Uses of a Ship?

A ship is a large manned self propelled ehicle that is A ship is a large vessel that floats on water

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A ship is a large, manned, self propelled vehicle that is used for transporting a payload on, over or under the

  • cean’s surface.

Ships can be used for merchant, military or entertainment purposes

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What is a Hull ?

Hull

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en.wiki.mcneel.com/.../RapidHllModeling.html

A Hull is the watertight body of a ship or boat.

  • Hull provides buoyancy that keeps ship floating (Safety)
  • Hull provides space to carry cargo (Cargo Carrying)

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Historical Development

  • f Hull

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  • Next few slides have different

watercrafts from different time periods

  • f history

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  • Please identify hull of each watercraft

and discuss its characteristics related to

  • 1. cargo carrying capacity
  • 2. safety

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  • Simplest form of a

watercraft

  • Simplest form of hull

Cargo Carrying ??

Wood Log Raft

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http://www.downtheroad.org/Asia/imagesNEW/China1/DSCg00041.JPG

Cargo Carrying ?? Safety ?? Mostly used to carry simple cargo, human beings

  • Unsafe
  • Mostly used in rivers

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  • Simple floating

structure

  • Simple hull

Round Boat

Cargo Carrying ??

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vinayakdasphotography.com

Mostly used to carry simple cargo, human beings Unsafe, mostly used in rivers

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Cargo Carrying ?? Safety ??

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  • Basic hull shape
  • Small size
  • Dug out from wooden

log

Dug Out Canoe

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugout_canoe

g Mostly used to carry simple cargo, human beings, vegetables, food Safe in rivers, big ponds

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Cargo Carrying ?? Safety ??

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  • Wider hull provided

strength beneath the waterline

  • Less likely to tip or bring

in water W f d i h

Viking Ship

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http://www.theplatelady.com/

  • Waterproofed with moss

drenched in tar. Mostly used as a military and supply vessel Relatively safe in seas because of wide hull

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Cargo Carrying ?? Safety ??

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Sail Ship

  • Faster with well

shaped hulls

  • Roman, Spanish and

French sail-ships had well designed hulls

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12 www.jwoolfden.com/jpg/USCGC_Eagle_under_sail.jpg

g Mostly used for expeditions, could carry any type of cargo Safest known design in 17th Century Cargo Carrying ?? Safety ??

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Steam Ships

  • Bigger, wider hull
  • Steam power

increased carrying capacity and thus hull size

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13 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia

Could carry any cargo, proved important in military operations Safe, controlled designs Cargo Carrying ?? Safety ??

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Motorized Ships

  • Best design to sustain

harsh conditions

  • Extended life because
  • f new materials
  • Increased carrying

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14 http://www.maritime-connector.com/Administration

y g capacity Can carry any type of cargo Safest known design of modern times Cargo Carrying ?? Safety ??

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Hands-on Activity- 1

Build a Floating Container

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You are given

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Build a container that can hold all the pebbles and is stable in unstable water Just now you have designed crudest form of hull... Now let us shape it

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Play-Doh Craft Sticks Pebbles

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Did You Build Something Like This?

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  • How many sticks did you use?
  • How many pebbles did your hull hold?

What is the use of sticks in this structure?

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5 Minutes

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Different Hull Bottoms

Every hull has a bottom built to one of three basic shapes or combination of them: Flat V or Round We will look into different types of hull bottom and bow designs

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Flat Bottom Hull combination of them: Flat, V or Round Round Bottom Hull “V” Shape Hull

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  • Simplest and least expensive

to build R t i t d t h lt d t

Different Hull Bottoms

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Flat Bottom Hull

  • Restricted to sheltered waters

like lakes, ponds

  • Unstable in seas, oceans

therefore can be used for tugs, barges etc, but not for

  • cean going vessels

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  • Cuts water very fast
  • Stable in rough waters

Different Hull Bottoms

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“V” Shape Hull

  • Can be used for wide range
  • f vessels (from speedboats

to ocean going vessels) Because of its suitability at high speeds, used in military ships; like destroyers

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  • Round bottom hulls have

maximum carrying space

Different Hull Bottoms

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Round Bottom Hull

  • Stable in rough waters
  • Most difficult to build using

materials like steel and hence are costly

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Hands-on Activity - 2

Build a Boat

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Build A Boat

  • You are given few K’Nex parts and Aluminum foil
  • Build a hull shape that can hold maximum pebbles
  • Use K’Nex parts to build structure

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Use Ne pa ts to bu d st uctu e

  • Use aluminum foil to make skin

Important

Implement the things you learned in Play-Doh – Stick design

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Were you able to build a structure like this?

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What is the role of blue members in this structure?

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Observe the shape of this structure from the front side

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Does it look like

V

Please keep this shape in mind

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Observations

  • How many pebbles could

your boat hold?

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  • Did your boat easily float?
  • Did you observe any

differences in your Play- Doh- Stick and K’Nex Boats?

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5 Minutes

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Now let us think about the shape of the hull

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Why did designers select this ?

Hull Shape

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And not this shape ?

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Hands-on Activity - 3

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Test 3 Types of Bow – Hull Designs and determine which one covers the distance in minimum time?

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Instructions

STEP 1: Fill channel with water STEP 2: Put triangular hull – ship with new set of batteries in the channel

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STEP 3: Start the motor and start the stopwatch STEP 4: Measure and record time required to cover the distance by the ship (Take three readings) STEP 5: Repeat steps 1-4 for other two hulls with fresh batteries

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  • What did you find out?
  • Which hull covered the distance in minimum time?

Observations

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Which hull covered the distance in minimum time?

  • Why ?
  • Discuss the results

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Less Resistance Hull Shape Contd.

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More Resistance

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But where did the original designers get this idea from?

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www.epa.qld.gov.au/.../grey_nurse_shark.jpg fish.dnr.cornell.edu https:/.../Great+Transformations+BJW http://courses.washington.edu/ 36

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Resistance Encountered by Ship

  • Any moving body

experiences drag (resistance)

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  • Ships also face

resistance

Identify resistances encountered by ship

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Resistance Encountered by Ship

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Resistance Encountered by Ship

Any ship experiences 2 types of resistances

  • Water Resistance

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Water resistance is much more than air resistance

  • Air Resistance

Let us calculate water resistance encountered by previously tested hull designs

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Resistance Encountered by Ship

Use following formula and values given in your worksheet

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Resistance Encountered by a Ship Based on the results of your calculations recommend the best shape for hull (Bow)

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  • Triangular
  • Semi-Circular
  • Rectangular

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Check on Learning

  • In the next few slides you will see different

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In the next few slides you will see different ships (hulls) docked in dry dock

  • Try to identify the type of hull and its

application for a ship.

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Suggest A Hull Design

  • You will be given requirements for a ship
  • Suggest a type of a ship that would be the best

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gg yp p for this application

  • Based upon knowledge you have gained so far

suggest type of bow, and bottom of hull

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Application 1: Iron Ore Carrier carries ore from

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carries ore from Brazil to Netherlands

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  • Bulk Carrier
  • Round Bottom Hull

(Max. Space)

  • V or Round Bow
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  • Barge
  • Flat Bottom

Hull

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Application 2: To carry iron ore / wood in the Mississippi river

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  • Square Bow

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Application 3: Extreme Test for a Ship Ship travelling in icy Arctic

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icy Arctic region

  • Ice Breaker
  • Round Bottom
  • V Bow

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Review of Topics

  • Definition of Ship – Uses of Ships
  • Definition of Hull
  • Historical Development of Hull

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p

  • Hull Bottoms – Flat, V and Round
  • Hull Shapes – Testing of different Bow- Hull Designs
  • Resistance Encountered by Ships
  • Calculation of Resistance
  • Test your knowledge – suggest a hull design

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Thank You

For information on this Instructional Module Please contact:

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52 Please contact:

  • Dr. Alok K. Verma, P.E., CmfgE

Ray Ferrari Professor Director-Lean Institute Old Dominion University. Phone (757) 683-3766 Fax (757) 683-5655 Email: averma@odu.edu