Historical Background of HIV Historical Background of HIV 1984 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Historical Background of HIV Historical Background of HIV

฀ ฀ 1984 1984– – The first case in Kenya was described The first case in Kenya was described ฀ ฀ 1996 1996 – – ARVs became available in the world. ARVs became available in the world. ฀ ฀ 1997 1997 – – ARVs became available in the private ARVs became available in the private sector in Kenya. sector in Kenya. ฀ ฀ 2003 2003 – – ARVs became available in public sector in ARVs became available in public sector in Kenya. Kenya. ฀ ฀ 2010 2010 – – Approximately 320,000 Kenyans are Approximately 320,000 Kenyans are taking ARV treatment. taking ARV treatment.

HIV Prevalence by Gender HIV Prevalence by Gender (age 15 (age 15-

• 64)

64)

% HIV Infected % HIV Infected TOTAL TOTAL FEMALES FEMALES MALES MALES 7.1 7.1 8.4 8.4 5.4 5.4

7.1% (1.4 million) Kenyans age 15-64 are infected with HIV.

E a st e r n 4 . 6 % N o r t h Ea st e r n 0 . 8 % R i f t Va ll e y 6 . 3 % W e st e r n 5 . 4 % N y a n z a 1 4 . 9 % N a i r o b i 8 . 8 % Co a st 8 . 1 % Ce n t r a l 3 . 6 %

HIV prevalence in Kenya by province, KAIS 2007

4 in 5 of HIV infected do not know their status Aprox.390,000 need ART 37% who need ART know their status 18.0% have CD4<250 & are not on ART

4 8 12 16 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64

HIV Prevalence (% ) KAIS Females KAIS Males

Young women between ages 15 and 34 are disproportionately infected compared to young men.

MODES OF TRANSMISSION

Transmission route % Sexual intercourse 80-90 Mother-to-child-transmission 5-10 Blood transfusion 3-5 Injecting drug use <5 Health care – e.g.: needle stick injury <0.01

Modes of transmission Modes of transmission

NATIONAL HIV PREVALENCE –KAIS 2007

Adults 15 Adults 15-

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64 year old year old URBAN URBAN RURAL RURAL Male Male 6.2 6.2 5.5 5.5 Female Female 10.8 10.8 8.2 8.2 TOTAL TOTAL 400,000 400,000 1 MILLION 1 MILLION TOTAL% TOTAL% 30% 30% 70% 70%

Epidemiology/Impact of HIV/AIDS in Epidemiology/Impact of HIV/AIDS in Kenya Kenya

60% medical beds 60% medical beds 40% 40% Paediatric Paediatric beds beds >50% TB patients >50% TB patients – – HIV + HIV + >25% STI patients >25% STI patients – – HIV+ HIV+ Health workers face both the medical and Health workers face both the medical and social challenges of HIV/AIDS on a daily basis social challenges of HIV/AIDS on a daily basis

Accurate Knowledge of HIV Status Accurate Knowledge of HIV Status among KAIS HIV among KAIS HIV-

• Infected Participants

Infected Participants

57% never tested for HIV

2% missing

16% accurate knowledge of HIV status 26% believe themselves uninfected based on last HIV test

Denominator: All HIV infected participants

83%

• f all HIV-

infected participants do not know their status.

Magnitude of HIV in Pregnant women in Kenya

. Estimated population 2010: 38 million . Estimated births per year: 1.5-1.7M million . Estimated HIV prevalence: 6.7% . Estimated HIV exposed births per year: 100,500- 113,900 . MTCT with no interventions: 40% or 40,200- 45,560