Graph Drawing 2019 Pr uhonice, September 17-19 On the 2-Colored - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Graph Drawing 2019 Pr uhonice, September 17-19 On the 2-Colored - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Graph Drawing 2019 Pr uhonice, September 17-19 On the 2-Colored Crossing Number Oswin Aichholzer 1 , Ruy Fabila-Monroy 2 , Adrian Fuchs 1 , Carlos Hidalgo-Toscano 2 , Irene Parada 1 , Birgit Vogtenhuber 1 , and Francisco Zaragoza 3 1 Graz


slide-1
SLIDE 1

On the 2-Colored Crossing Number

Oswin Aichholzer1, Ruy Fabila-Monroy2, Adrian Fuchs1, Carlos Hidalgo-Toscano2, Irene Parada1, Birgit Vogtenhuber1, and Francisco Zaragoza3

1 Graz University of Technology, Austria 2 Cinvestav, Mexico 3 Universidad Aut´

  • noma Metropolitana, Mexico

Graph Drawing 2019

Pr˚ uhonice, September 17-19

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Rectilinear 2-Colored Crossing Number

Given: (straight-line drawing D of) graph G = (V, E).

  • cr(D) := number of

crossings in (D, χ)

  • cr(G) := minD cr(D)

Rectilinear Crossing Number

2

slide-3
SLIDE 3

Rectilinear 2-Colored Crossing Number

Given: (straight-line drawing D of) graph G = (V, E).

  • cr(D) := number of

crossings in (D, χ)

  • cr(G) := minD cr(D)

Rectilinear Crossing Number

2

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Rectilinear 2-Colored Crossing Number

Given: (straight-line drawing D of) graph G = (V, E).

  • cr(D) := number of

crossings in (D, χ)

  • cr(G) := minD cr(D)

Rectilinear Crossing Number

2

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Rectilinear 2-Colored Crossing Number

Given: (straight-line drawing D of) graph G = (V, E).

  • cr(D) := number of

crossings in (D, χ)

  • cr(G) := minD cr(D)

Rectilinear Crossing Number

2

slide-6
SLIDE 6

Rectilinear 2-Colored Crossing Number

Given: (straight-line drawing D of) graph G = (V, E).

  • 2-edge-coloring χ of G:
  • ne of 2 colors per edge
  • cr2(D, χ) := number of

monochromatic crossings in (D, χ)

  • cr2(D) := minχ cr2(D, χ)
  • cr2(G) := minD cr2(D)
  • Determining cr2(G) and

even cr2(D) is NP-hard

  • Goal: find bounds on cr2(G) and cr2(D) for G = Kn.

2

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Rectilinear 2-Colored Crossing Number

Given: (straight-line drawing D of) graph G = (V, E).

  • 2-edge-coloring χ of G:
  • ne of 2 colors per edge
  • cr2(D, χ) := number of

monochromatic crossings in (D, χ)

  • cr2(D) := minχ cr2(D, χ)
  • cr2(G) := minD cr2(D)
  • Determining cr2(G) and

even cr2(D) is NP-hard

  • Goal: find bounds on cr2(G) and cr2(D) for G = Kn.

2

slide-8
SLIDE 8

Rectilinear 2-Colored Crossing Number

Given: (straight-line drawing D of) graph G = (V, E).

  • 2-edge-coloring χ of G:
  • ne of 2 colors per edge
  • cr2(D, χ) := number of

monochromatic crossings in (D, χ)

  • cr2(D) := minχ cr2(D, χ)
  • cr2(G) := minD cr2(D)
  • Determining cr2(G) and

even cr2(D) is NP-hard

  • Goal: find bounds on cr2(G) and cr2(D) for G = Kn.

2

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Rectilinear 2-Colored Crossing Number

Given: (straight-line drawing D of) graph G = (V, E).

  • 2-edge-coloring χ of G:
  • ne of 2 colors per edge
  • cr2(D, χ) := number of

monochromatic crossings in (D, χ)

  • cr2(D) := minχ cr2(D, χ)
  • cr2(G) := minD cr2(D)
  • Determining cr2(G) and

even cr2(D) is NP-hard

  • Goal: find bounds on cr2(G) and cr2(D) for G = Kn.

2

slide-10
SLIDE 10

Rectilinear 2-Colored Crossing Number

Given: (straight-line drawing D of) graph G = (V, E).

  • 2-edge-coloring χ of G:
  • ne of 2 colors per edge
  • cr2(D, χ) := number of

monochromatic crossings in (D, χ)

  • cr2(D) := minχ cr2(D, χ)
  • cr2(G) := minD cr2(D)
  • Determining cr2(G) and

even cr2(D) is NP-hard

  • Goal: find bounds on cr2(G) and cr2(D) for G = Kn.

2

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Rectilinear 2-Colored Crossing Number

Given: (straight-line drawing D of) graph G = (V, E).

  • 2-edge-coloring χ of G:
  • ne of 2 colors per edge
  • cr2(D, χ) := number of

monochromatic crossings in (D, χ)

  • cr2(D) := minχ cr2(D, χ)
  • cr2(G) := minD cr2(D)
  • Determining cr2(G) and

even cr2(D) is NP-hard

  • Goal: find bounds on cr2(G) and cr2(D) for G = Kn.

2

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Rectilinear 2-Colored Crossing Number

Given: (straight-line drawing D of) graph G = (V, E).

  • 2-edge-coloring χ of G:
  • ne of 2 colors per edge
  • cr2(D, χ) := number of

monochromatic crossings in (D, χ)

  • cr2(D) := minχ cr2(D, χ)
  • cr2(G) := minD cr2(D)
  • Determining cr2(G) and

even cr2(D) is NP-hard

  • Goal: find bounds on cr2(G) and cr2(D) for G = Kn.

2

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Rectilinear 2-Colored Crossing Number

Given: (straight-line drawing D of) graph G = (V, E).

  • 2-edge-coloring χ of G:
  • ne of 2 colors per edge
  • cr2(D, χ) := number of

monochromatic crossings in (D, χ)

  • cr2(D) := minχ cr2(D, χ)
  • cr2(G) := minD cr2(D)
  • Determining cr2(G) and

even cr2(D) is NP-hard

  • Goal: find bounds on cr2(G) and cr2(D) for G = Kn.

2

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Rectilinear 2-Colored Crossing Number

Given: (straight-line drawing D of) graph G = (V, E).

  • 2-edge-coloring χ of G:
  • ne of 2 colors per edge
  • cr2(D, χ) := number of

monochromatic crossings in (D, χ)

  • cr2(D) := minχ cr2(D, χ)
  • cr2(G) := minD cr2(D)
  • Determining cr2(G) and

even cr2(D) is NP-hard

  • Goal: find bounds on cr2(G) and cr2(D) for G = Kn.

2

slide-15
SLIDE 15

Rectilinear 2-Colored Crossing Number

Given: (straight-line drawing D of) graph G = (V, E).

  • 2-edge-coloring χ of G:
  • ne of 2 colors per edge
  • cr2(D, χ) := number of

monochromatic crossings in (D, χ)

  • cr2(D) := minχ cr2(D, χ)
  • cr2(G) := minD cr2(D)
  • Determining cr2(G) and

even cr2(D) is NP-hard

  • Goal: find bounds on cr2(G) and cr2(D) for G = Kn.

2

slide-16
SLIDE 16

Main Results

  • Lower and upper bounds on cr2(Kn):

1 33 n 4

  • + Θ(n3) < cr2(Kn) < 0.11798016

n 4

  • + Θ(n3)
  • Ratio between cr2(Kn) and cr(Kn):

lim

n→∞

cr2(Kn) cr(Kn) < 0.31049652

  • Ratio for any fixed straight-line drawing D of Kn

with sufficiently large n: cr2(D) cr(D) < 1 2 − c for some const. c > 0

3

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Main Results

  • Lower and upper bounds on cr2(Kn):

1 33 n 4

  • + Θ(n3) < cr2(Kn) < 0.11798016

n 4

  • + Θ(n3)
  • Ratio between cr2(Kn) and cr(Kn):

lim

n→∞

cr2(Kn) cr(Kn) < 0.31049652

  • Ratio for any fixed straight-line drawing D of Kn

with sufficiently large n: cr2(D) cr(D) < 1 2 − c for some const. c > 0

3

slide-18
SLIDE 18

Main Results

  • Lower and upper bounds on cr2(Kn):

1 33 n 4

  • + Θ(n3) < cr2(Kn) < 0.11798016

n 4

  • + Θ(n3)
  • Ratio between cr2(Kn) and cr(Kn):

lim

n→∞

cr2(Kn) cr(Kn) < 0.31049652

  • Ratio for any fixed straight-line drawing D of Kn

with sufficiently large n: cr2(D) cr(D) < 1 2 − c for some const. c > 0

3

slide-19
SLIDE 19

Duplication Process

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km −

→ drawing D′ of K2m cr2 of D′: independent of colors for small edges!

  • Best matching edges: half of the edges of each color
  • n each side ⇐ in general not possible!
  • ”Nice” matching edges:

◮ halve the larger color class at the point ◮ split the smaller color class as good as possible

4

slide-20
SLIDE 20

Duplication Process

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km −

→ drawing D′ of K2m cr2 of D′: independent of colors for small edges!

  • Best matching edges: half of the edges of each color
  • n each side ⇐ in general not possible!
  • ”Nice” matching edges:

◮ halve the larger color class at the point ◮ split the smaller color class as good as possible

4

slide-21
SLIDE 21

Duplication Process

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km −

→ drawing D′ of K2m cr2 of D′: independent of colors for small edges!

  • Best matching edges: half of the edges of each color
  • n each side ⇐ in general not possible!
  • ”Nice” matching edges:

◮ halve the larger color class at the point ◮ split the smaller color class as good as possible

4

slide-22
SLIDE 22

Duplication Process

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km −

→ drawing D′ of K2m cr2 of D′: independent of colors for small edges!

  • Best matching edges: half of the edges of each color
  • n each side ⇐ in general not possible!
  • ”Nice” matching edges:

◮ halve the larger color class at the point ◮ split the smaller color class as good as possible

4

slide-23
SLIDE 23

Duplication Process

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km −

→ drawing D′ of K2m cr2 of D′: independent of colors for small edges!

  • Best matching edges: half of the edges of each color
  • n each side ⇐ in general not possible!
  • ”Nice” matching edges:

◮ halve the larger color class at the point ◮ split the smaller color class as good as possible

per original crossing: 16 crossings

4

slide-24
SLIDE 24

Duplication Process

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km −

→ drawing D′ of K2m cr2 of D′: independent of colors for small edges!

  • Best matching edges: half of the edges of each color
  • n each side ⇐ in general not possible!
  • ”Nice” matching edges:

◮ halve the larger color class at the point ◮ split the smaller color class as good as possible

per original edge: 1 crossing

4

slide-25
SLIDE 25

Duplication Process

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km −

→ drawing D′ of K2m cr2 of D′: independent of colors for small edges!

  • Best matching edges: half of the edges of each color
  • n each side ⇐ in general not possible!
  • ”Nice” matching edges:

◮ halve the larger color class at the point ◮ split the smaller color class as good as possible

p

p1 p2

except for matching edges

4

slide-26
SLIDE 26

Duplication Process

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km −

→ drawing D′ of K2m cr2 of D′: independent of colors for small edges!

  • Best matching edges: half of the edges of each color
  • n each side ⇐ in general not possible!
  • ”Nice” matching edges:

◮ halve the larger color class at the point ◮ split the smaller color class as good as possible

p

p1 p2

incident edges: 2 additional crossings with matching edge

4

slide-27
SLIDE 27

Duplication Process

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km −

→ drawing D′ of K2m cr2 of D′: independent of colors for small edges!

  • Best matching edges: half of the edges of each color
  • n each side ⇐ in general not possible!
  • ”Nice” matching edges:

◮ halve the larger color class at the point ◮ split the smaller color class as good as possible

p

p1 p2

incident edge pairs: 4 additional crossings

4

slide-28
SLIDE 28

Duplication Process

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km −

→ drawing D′ of K2m cr2 of D′: independent of colors for small edges!

  • Best matching edges: half of the edges of each color
  • n each side ⇐ in general not possible!
  • ”Nice” matching edges:

◮ halve the larger color class at the point ◮ split the smaller color class as good as possible

p

p1 p2

  • pposite incident edge pairs: no additional crossings

4

slide-29
SLIDE 29

Duplication Process

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km −

→ drawing D′ of K2m cr2 of D′: independent of colors for small edges!

  • Best matching edges: half of the edges of each color
  • n each side ⇐ in general not possible!
  • ”Nice” matching edges:

◮ halve the larger color class at the point ◮ split the smaller color class as good as possible

p

p1 p2

small edges: no crossings

4

slide-30
SLIDE 30

Duplication Process

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km −

→ drawing D′ of K2m cr2 of D′: independent of colors for small edges!

  • Best matching edges: half of the edges of each color
  • n each side ⇐ in general not possible!
  • ”Nice” matching edges:

◮ halve the larger color class at the point ◮ split the smaller color class as good as possible

p

p1 p2 L(p) R(p) cr(D′) = 16cr(D) +

  • n

2

  • −n +
  • p∈D
  • 4
  • L(p)

2

  • + 4
  • R(p)

2

  • + 2 (L(p)+R(p))
  • crossings in D

edges in D

  • edgepairs incident to p ∈ D

4

slide-31
SLIDE 31

Duplication Process

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km −

→ drawing D′ of K2m cr2 of D′: independent of colors for small edges!

  • Best matching edges: half of the edges of each color
  • n each side ⇐ in general not possible!
  • ”Nice” matching edges:

◮ halve the larger color class at the point ◮ split the smaller color class as good as possible

p

p1 p2 L(p) R(p) cr(D′) = 16cr(D) +

  • n

2

  • −n +
  • p∈D
  • 4
  • L(p)

2

  • + 4
  • R(p)

2

  • + 2 (L(p)+R(p))
  • crossings in D

edges in D

  • edgepairs incident to p ∈ D
  • Best matching edges: half of the edges on each side

4

slide-32
SLIDE 32

Duplication Process

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km −

→ drawing D′ of K2m cr2 of D′: independent of colors for small edges!

  • Best matching edges: half of the edges of each color
  • n each side ⇐ in general not possible!
  • ”Nice” matching edges:

◮ halve the larger color class at the point ◮ split the smaller color class as good as possible

p

p1 p2 Bl(p) Br(p) Rl(p) Rr(p)

q

q1 q2

4

slide-33
SLIDE 33

Duplication Process

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km −

→ drawing D′ of K2m cr2 of D′: independent of colors for small edges!

  • Best matching edges: half of the edges of each color
  • n each side ⇐ in general not possible!
  • ”Nice” matching edges:

◮ halve the larger color class at the point ◮ split the smaller color class as good as possible

p

p1 p2 Bl(p) Br(p) Rl(p) Rr(p) cr2(D′, χ′) = 16cr2(D, χ) +

  • n

2

  • − n

+

  • p∈D

4

  • Bl(p)

2

  • +
  • Rl(p)

2

  • +
  • Br(p)

2

  • +
  • Rr(p)

2

  • +
  • p∈D

2 (Hl(p)+Hr(p)) ⇐ Hi ∈ {Bi, Ri}

q

q1 q2

4

slide-34
SLIDE 34

Duplication Process

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km −

→ drawing D′ of K2m cr2 of D′: independent of colors for small edges!

  • Best matching edges: half of the edges of each color
  • n each side ⇐ in general not possible!
  • ”Nice” matching edges:

◮ halve the larger color class at the point ◮ split the smaller color class as good as possible

p

p1 p2 Bl(p) Br(p) Rl(p) Rr(p) cr2(D′, χ′) = 16cr2(D, χ) +

  • n

2

  • − n

+

  • p∈D

4

  • Bl(p)

2

  • +
  • Rl(p)

2

  • +
  • Br(p)

2

  • +
  • Rr(p)

2

  • +
  • p∈D

2 (Hl(p)+Hr(p)) ⇐ Hi ∈ {Bi, Ri}

q

q1 q2

4

slide-35
SLIDE 35

Duplication Process

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km −

→ drawing D′ of K2m cr2 of D′: independent of colors for small edges!

  • Best matching edges: half of the edges of each color
  • n each side ⇐ in general not possible!
  • ”Nice” matching edges:

◮ halve the larger color class at the point ◮ split the smaller color class as good as possible

cr2(D′, χ′) = 16cr2(D, χ) +

  • n

2

  • − n

+

  • p∈D

4

  • Bl(p)

2

  • +
  • Rl(p)

2

  • +
  • Br(p)

2

  • +
  • Rr(p)

2

  • +
  • p∈D

2 (Hl(p)+Hr(p)) ⇐ Hi ∈ {Bi, Ri}

4

slide-36
SLIDE 36

Duplication Process

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km −

→ drawing D′ of K2m cr2 of D′: independent of colors for small edges!

  • Best matching edges: half of the edges of each color
  • n each side ⇐ in general not possible!
  • ”Nice” matching edges:

◮ halve the larger color class at the point ◮ split the smaller color class as good as possible

cr2(D′, χ′) = 16cr2(D, χ) +

  • n

2

  • − n

+

  • p∈D

4

  • Bl(p)

2

  • +
  • Rl(p)

2

  • +
  • Br(p)

2

  • +
  • Rr(p)

2

  • +
  • p∈D

2 (Hl(p)+Hr(p)) ⇐ Hi ∈ {Bi, Ri}

4

slide-37
SLIDE 37

Duplication Process

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km −

→ drawing D′ of K2m cr2 of D′: independent of colors for small edges!

  • Best matching edges: half of the edges of each color
  • n each side ⇐ in general not possible!
  • ”Nice” matching edges:

◮ halve the larger color class at the point ◮ split the smaller color class as good as possible

cr2(D′, χ′) = 16cr2(D, χ) +

  • n

2

  • − n

+

  • p∈D

4

  • Bl(p)

2

  • +
  • Rl(p)

2

  • +
  • Br(p)

2

  • +
  • Rr(p)

2

  • +
  • p∈D

2 (Hl(p)+Hr(p)) ⇐ Hi ∈ {Bi, Ri}

4

slide-38
SLIDE 38

Duplication Process

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km −

→ drawing D′ of K2m cr2 of D′: independent of colors for small edges!

  • Best matching edges: half of the edges of each color
  • n each side ⇐ in general not possible!
  • ”Nice” matching edges:

◮ halve the larger color class at the point ◮ split the smaller color class as good as possible

4

slide-39
SLIDE 39

Upper Bound for cr2(Kn)

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km → drawing D′ of K2m
  • Matching for D′: for each p ∈ D, independently choose

matching edges for p1, p2 and the color of p1p2 choice depends on: |Ri(p)|, |Bi(p)|, i ∈ {l, r}, color of pq

◮ several cases, choices with good recursive behavior

  • Repeated duplication: D → drawing Dk of K2km

◮ involved analysis + exact counting yields

cr2(Dk, χk) = 24A

m4

n

4

  • + Θ(n3)

n = m 2k

(A: constant depending on D, χ, and the matching M)

  • Plugging in a good initial (D, χ, M) gives

cr2(Kn) < 0.11798016 n

4

  • +Θ(n3)

5

slide-40
SLIDE 40

Upper Bound for cr2(Kn)

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km → drawing D′ of K2m
  • Matching for D′: for each p ∈ D, independently choose

matching edges for p1, p2 and the color of p1p2 choice depends on: |Ri(p)|, |Bi(p)|, i ∈ {l, r}, color of pq

◮ several cases, choices with good recursive behavior

  • Repeated duplication: D → drawing Dk of K2km

◮ involved analysis + exact counting yields

cr2(Dk, χk) = 24A

m4

n

4

  • + Θ(n3)

n = m 2k

(A: constant depending on D, χ, and the matching M)

  • Plugging in a good initial (D, χ, M) gives

cr2(Kn) < 0.11798016 n

4

  • +Θ(n3)

p

p1 p2 Bl(p) Br(p) Rl(p) Rr(p)

q

q1 q2

5

slide-41
SLIDE 41

Upper Bound for cr2(Kn)

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km → drawing D′ of K2m
  • Matching for D′: for each p ∈ D, independently choose

matching edges for p1, p2 and the color of p1p2 choice depends on: |Ri(p)|, |Bi(p)|, i ∈ {l, r}, color of pq

◮ several cases, choices with good recursive behavior

  • Repeated duplication: D → drawing Dk of K2km

◮ involved analysis + exact counting yields

cr2(Dk, χk) = 24A

m4

n

4

  • + Θ(n3)

n = m 2k

(A: constant depending on D, χ, and the matching M)

  • Plugging in a good initial (D, χ, M) gives

cr2(Kn) < 0.11798016 n

4

  • +Θ(n3)

p

p1 p2 Bl(p) Br(p) Rl(p) Rr(p)

q

q1 q2

5

slide-42
SLIDE 42

Upper Bound for cr2(Kn)

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km → drawing D′ of K2m
  • Matching for D′: for each p ∈ D, independently choose

matching edges for p1, p2 and the color of p1p2 choice depends on: |Ri(p)|, |Bi(p)|, i ∈ {l, r}, color of pq

◮ several cases, choices with good recursive behavior

  • Repeated duplication: D → drawing Dk of K2km

◮ involved analysis + exact counting yields

cr2(Dk, χk) = 24A

m4

n

4

  • + Θ(n3)

n = m 2k

(A: constant depending on D, χ, and the matching M)

  • Plugging in a good initial (D, χ, M) gives

cr2(Kn) < 0.11798016 n

4

  • +Θ(n3)

p

p1 p2 Bl(p) Br(p) Rl(p) Rr(p)

q

q1 q2

5

slide-43
SLIDE 43

Upper Bound for cr2(Kn)

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km → drawing D′ of K2m
  • Matching for D′: for each p ∈ D, independently choose

matching edges for p1, p2 and the color of p1p2 choice depends on: |Ri(p)|, |Bi(p)|, i ∈ {l, r}, color of pq

◮ several cases, choices with good recursive behavior

  • Repeated duplication: D → drawing Dk of K2km

◮ involved analysis + exact counting yields

cr2(Dk, χk) = 24A

m4

n

4

  • + Θ(n3)

n = m 2k

(A: constant depending on D, χ, and the matching M)

  • Plugging in a good initial (D, χ, M) gives

cr2(Kn) < 0.11798016 n

4

  • +Θ(n3)

p

p1 p2 Bl(p) Br(p) Rl(p) Rr(p)

q

q1 q2

5

slide-44
SLIDE 44

Upper Bound for cr2(Kn)

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km → drawing D′ of K2m
  • Matching for D′: for each p ∈ D, independently choose

matching edges for p1, p2 and the color of p1p2 choice depends on: |Ri(p)|, |Bi(p)|, i ∈ {l, r}, color of pq

◮ several cases, choices with good recursive behavior

  • Repeated duplication: D → drawing Dk of K2km

◮ involved analysis + exact counting yields

cr2(Dk, χk) = 24A

m4

n

4

  • + Θ(n3)

n = m 2k

(A: constant depending on D, χ, and the matching M)

  • Plugging in a good initial (D, χ, M) gives

cr2(Kn) < 0.11798016 n

4

  • +Θ(n3)

5

slide-45
SLIDE 45

Upper Bound for cr2(Kn)

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km → drawing D′ of K2m
  • Matching for D′: for each p ∈ D, independently choose

matching edges for p1, p2 and the color of p1p2 choice depends on: |Ri(p)|, |Bi(p)|, i ∈ {l, r}, color of pq

◮ several cases, choices with good recursive behavior

  • Repeated duplication: D → drawing Dk of K2km

◮ involved analysis + exact counting yields

cr2(Dk, χk) = 24A

m4

n

4

  • + Θ(n3)

n = m 2k

(A: constant depending on D, χ, and the matching M)

  • Plugging in a good initial (D, χ, M) gives

cr2(Kn) < 0.11798016 n

4

  • +Θ(n3)

5

slide-46
SLIDE 46

Upper Bound for cr2(Kn)

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km → drawing D′ of K2m
  • Matching for D′: for each p ∈ D, independently choose

matching edges for p1, p2 and the color of p1p2 choice depends on: |Ri(p)|, |Bi(p)|, i ∈ {l, r}, color of pq

◮ several cases, choices with good recursive behavior

  • Repeated duplication: D → drawing Dk of K2km

◮ involved analysis + exact counting yields

cr2(Dk, χk) = 24A

m4

n

4

  • + Θ(n3)

n = m 2k

(A: constant depending on D, χ, and the matching M)

  • Plugging in a good initial (D, χ, M) gives

cr2(Kn) < 0.11798016 n

4

  • +Θ(n3)

5

slide-47
SLIDE 47

Upper Bound for cr2(Kn)

  • Duplication: drawing D of Km → drawing D′ of K2m
  • Matching for D′: for each p ∈ D, independently choose

matching edges for p1, p2 and the color of p1p2 choice depends on: |Ri(p)|, |Bi(p)|, i ∈ {l, r}, color of pq

◮ several cases, choices with good recursive behavior

  • Repeated duplication: D → drawing Dk of K2km

◮ involved analysis + exact counting yields

cr2(Dk, χk) = 24A

m4

n

4

  • + Θ(n3)

n = m 2k

(A: constant depending on D, χ, and the matching M)

  • Plugging in a good initial (D, χ, M) gives

cr2(Kn) < 0.11798016 n

4

  • +Θ(n3)

5

slide-48
SLIDE 48

Main Results

  • Lower and upper bounds on cr2(Kn):

1 33 n 4

  • + Θ(n3) < cr2(Kn) < 0.11798016

n 4

  • + Θ(n3)
  • Ratio between cr2(Kn) and cr(Kn):

lim

n→∞

cr2(Kn) cr(Kn) < 0.31049652

  • Ratio for any fixed straight-line drawing D of Kn

with sufficiently large n: cr2(D) cr(D) < 1 2 − c for some c > 0

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slide-49
SLIDE 49

Open Problems

  • What is the computational complexity of determinging

cr2(D) for a given straight-line drawing D of Kn? ⇔ How fast can we solve max-cut on the segment intersection graph induced by D?

  • What can we say about the structure of point sets that

minimize cr2(Kn)?

  • Is it true that the maximum for cr2(D)/cr(D) is

uniquely obtained for point sets in convex position?

7

slide-50
SLIDE 50

Open Problems

  • What is the computational complexity of determinging

cr2(D) for a given straight-line drawing D of Kn? ⇔ How fast can we solve max-cut on the segment intersection graph induced by D?

  • What can we say about the structure of point sets that

minimize cr2(Kn)?

  • Is it true that the maximum for cr2(D)/cr(D) is

uniquely obtained for point sets in convex position?

Thank you for your attention!

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