Good morning! Internet, Web, Intranets, and Extranets Use and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Good morning! Internet, Web, Intranets, and Extranets

Use and Functioning of the Internet

• Internet is international scope with users on every

continent

– Asians make up 40% of Internet population – Europeans about 20% – North America about 15%

• Internet sites have profound impact on world politics
• Some countries try to control Internet content and

services

Use and Functioning of the Internet (continued)

• ARPANET:

– Ancestor of the Internet – Project started by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) in 1969

• Internet Protocol (IP):

– Enables computers to route communications traffic from

• ne network to another
• Internet2

– New Internet offers faster speeds

How the Internet Works

• Backbone:

– One of the Internet’s high‐speed, long‐distance communications links

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):

– Transport‐layer protocol that most Internet applications use with IP

• Uniform Resource Locator (URL):

– An assigned address on the Internet for each computer

Routing Messages over the Internet

How the Internet Works (continued)

• IP address:

– 64‐bit number that identifies a computer on the Internet

• Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and

Numbers (ICANN)

– Responsible for managing IP addresses and Internet domain names – Has authority to resolve domain name disputes

Accessing the Internet

• Connecting via LAN server:

– Used by businesses and organizations that manage a local area network (LAN)

• Connecting via Internet service providers:

– Internet service provider (ISP):

• Any organization that provides Internet access to

people

• Dial‐up Internet connection

– Uses modem and standard phone line

Accessing the Internet (continued)

• Other options include:

– Cable modem connections – DSL connections – Satellite connections

• Wireless Internet connections

– Cellular and Wi‐Fi networks

Cloud Computing

• Computing environment in which:

– Software and storage are provided as an Internet service and accessed with a Web browser

• Extremely scalable and often takes advantage of virtualization

technologies

• Advantages to businesses:

– Businesses can save on system design, installation, and maintenance – Employees can access corporate systems from any Internet‐connected computer

Cloud Computing (continued)

• Public cloud

– Refers to service providers that offer their cloud‐based services to the general public

• Private cloud

– Where cloud technology is used within the confines of a private network

The World Wide Web

• Developed by Tim Berners‐Lee at CERN
• Originally conceived of as an internal document‐

management system

• The Web has grown to become:

– A primary source of news and information – A most important channel for commerce – A popular hub for social interaction, entertainment, and communication

How the Web Works

• The Internet:

– Made up of computers, network hardware such as routers and fiber‐optic cables, software, and the TCP/IP protocols

• The Web:

– Consists of server and client software, the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (http), standards, and mark‐up languages that combine to deliver information and services over the Internet

Web 2.0 and the Social Web

• Web has evolved to a two‐directional resource where

users obtain and contribute information

• Social networking Web sites enable users to share

information abut themselves and to find, meet, and converse with others

• Rich Internet applications are available that run in a

Web browser and do not require local installation

Online Information Sources

• News and opinion

– The Web is a powerful tool for keeping informed about local, state, national, and global news

• Education and training

– Web is ideally suited:

• As a tool for sharing information and a primary

repository of information on all subjects – Distance education:

• Conducting classes over the Web with no physical

class meetings

Online Information Sources (continued)

• Business and job information

– Providing information about a businesses and its products via Web site and social media increases the company’s exposure and reputation – The Web is an excellent source of job‐related information – Wealth of information available about job opportunities

Search Engines and Web Research

• Search engine:

– Enables you to find information on the Web by specifying keywords – Market is dominated by Google – Uses an automated approach that scours the Web with automated programs called spiders

• Wikipedia:

– Content is developed by crowd sourcing

Web Portals

• Web portal:

– Web page that combines useful information and links and acts as an entry point to the Web

• Vertical portals:

– Pages that provide information and links for special‐ interest groups

• Corporate portals:

– Provide access to work‐related resources – Can be used to provide employees with work‐related

• nline content and to limit access to other Web content

Online Media and Entertainment

• Content streaming:

– Method of transferring large media files over the Internet so that the data stream of voice and pictures plays continuously as the file is being downloaded

• Music:

– The Web has had a dramatic impact on the music industry – Internet radio is digitally delivered to your computer over the Internet – Downloaded music may employ Digital Rights Management technology to limit the user’s ability to make copies

Movies, Video, and Television:

– Web sites such as Hulu and Internet‐based television platforms like Netflix and Joost provide television programming – Motion pictures are also making their way to Internet distribution – Watching movies and TV over the Internet requires lots of bandwidth and providers are starting to charge users more for this extra capacity – YouTube supports the online sharing of user‐created videos

Intranets and Extranets

• Intranet:

– Internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and technologies – Inexpensive but powerful communication alternative

• Extranet:

– Network that links selected resources of a company’s intranet with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners

Intranets and Extranets (continued)

Intranets and Extranets (continued)

• Virtual private network (VPN):

– Secure connection between two points on the Internet

• Tunneling:

– Process by which VPNs transfer information by encapsulating traffic in IP packets over the Internet

Internet Issues

• Many benefits but negative consequences are

possible

– Privacy invasion, especially with social networks

• Some Web sites allow users to set “do‐not‐track”

feature

• Facial recognition software available

– States and local governments trying to collect sales tax on Internet sales – Internet attacks and hacks important Internet issues

Enjoy your break, please!

Welcome back! Electronic and Mobile Commerce

Why Learn About Electronic and Mobile Commerce?

• Electronic and mobile commerce:

– Have transformed many areas of our lives and careers

• One fundamental change has been:

– The manner in which companies interact with their suppliers, customers, government agencies, and other business partners

An Introduction to Electronic Commerce

• Electronic commerce:

– Conducting business activities electronically over computer networks

• Business activities that are strong candidates for

conversion to e‐commerce:

– Paper based – Time‐consuming – Inconvenient for customers

E‐Commerce

e‐Government

• Use of information and communications technology to:

– Simplify the sharing of information – Speed formerly paper‐based processes – Improve the relationship between citizens and government – Increase transparency

• Forms of e‐Government:

– Government‐to‐consumer (G2C) – Government‐to‐business (G2B) – Government‐to‐government (G2G)

Advantages of Electronic and Mobile Commerce

• Reduce costs
• Speed the flow of goods and information
• Increase accuracy
• Improve customer service

Multi‐stage Model for E‐Commerce

• Search and identification
• Selection and negotiation
• Purchasing products and services electronically
• Product and service delivery
• After‐sales service

Multistage Model for E‐Commerce (continued)

E‐Commerce Challenges

• Dealing with consumer privacy concerns

– About 1/3 of all adult Internet users will not buy online due to privacy concerns

• Overcoming consumers’ lack of trust in online sellers
• Overcoming global issues

– Cultural, language, time and distances, infrastructure, currency, legal challenges

Electronic and Mobile Commerce Applications

Many B2B, B2C, C2C, and m‐commerce applications are being used in: – Retail and wholesale – Manufacturing – Marketing and advertising – Bartering – Price comparison – Couponing – Investment and finance – Banking – e‐boutiques

Retail and Wholesale

• Electronic retailing (e‐tailing):

– Direct sale from business to consumer through electronic storefronts

• Cybermall:

– Single Web site that offers many products and services at

• ne Internet location
• Maintenance, repair, and operations (MRO):

– Purchases often approach 40 percent of a manufacturing company’s total revenues

Manufacturing

• Electronic exchange:

– Electronic forum where manufacturers, suppliers, and competitors buy and sell goods, trade market information, and run back‐office operations

• Private exchanges:

– Owned and operated by a single company

• Consortium‐operated exchanges:

– Run by a group of traditionally competing companies with common procurement needs

• Independent exchanges:

– Open to any set of buyers and sellers within a given market

Marketing

• Market segmentation:

– Identification of specific markets to target them with advertising messages

• Nielsen, the marketing and media information

company:

– Has developed its Business‐Facts database that provides information on more than 12 million businesses

Advertising

• Mobile ad impressions are generally bought at:

– Cost per thousand (CPM), cost per click (CPC), or cost per action (CPA)

• Three main measures of success

– Number of users reached, click through rate, and number

• f actions users take

Bartering

• With economic downturn, many people and business

have turned to bartering to gain goods and services

• Number of Web sites have been created to support

bartering

Price Comparison

• Price comparison:

– Mobile phone services enable shoppers to compare prices and products on the Web – In some cases, shopper can simply scan item’s barcode or snap photo of the item

Couponing

• Over 300 billion coupons with a value of $385 billion

are distributed each year in North America, only 1.1% are redeemed

• Shoppers can subscribe to mobile coupon

aggregators

• Mobile coupon redemption rate expected to increase

to 8%

Investment and Finance

• The Internet:

– Has revolutionized the world of investment and finance

• The brokerage business:

– Adapted to the Internet faster than any other arm of finance

Banking

• Online banking customers:

– Can check balances of their savings, checking, and loan accounts – Transfer money among accounts – Pay their bills – Many banks enable customers to do these activities via mobile phone

E‐Boutiques

• Increasing number of Web sites offer personalized

consultations for shoppers

• Key to the success of Web sites such as Charm

Boutique and ShopLaTiDa:

– A philosophy of high customer service and strong, personal client relationships

Strategies for Successful E‐Commerce and M‐Commerce

• Companies must develop effective Web sites that

include the following characteristics:

– Easy to use – Accomplish the goals of the company – Safe and secure – Affordable to set up and maintain

Strategies for Successful E‐Commerce and M‐Commerce

• First major challenge:

– For the company to define an effective e‐commerce model and strategy

• Three components of a successful model:

– Community, content, and commerce

Defining an Effective E‐Commerce Model and Strategy (continued)

Defining the Web Site Functions

• Decide which tasks the site must accomplish
• Create an attractive presence for the company
• Meet the needs of its visitors

– Example: Obtaining information about the organization and its products

• Redefining your site’s basic business model to

capture new business opportunities

• K.I.S.S.

Technology Infrastructure

Hardware

• Amount of storage capacity and computing power

required of the Web server depends on

– The software that must run on the server – Volume of e‐commerce transactions that must be processed

• Successful e‐commerce solutions are designed to be

highly scalable so they can be upgraded to meet unexpected user traffic

Web Server Software

• Security and identification
• Retrieving and sending Web pages
• Web site tracking
• Web site development
• Web page development

E‐Commerce Software

• Catalog management
• Product configuration
• Shopping cart
• E‐commerce transaction processing
• Web traffic data analysis

Electronic Payment Systems

• Digital certificate:

– Attachment to an e‐mail message or data embedded in a Web site that verifies the identity of a sender or Web site

• Certificate authority (CA):

– Trusted third‐party organization or company that issues digital certificates

Electronic Payment Systems (continued)

Electronic Payment Systems (continued)

• P‐Card

– Credit card used to streamline the traditional purchase

• rder and invoice payment processes
• Payments using cell phones

– Available options:

• Payments linked to your bank account
• Payments added to your phone bill

Please find your Review Questions on the course Web page. Thank you!