Good Evening! INT1005 Introduction to Computer Systems Ulrich - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Good Evening! INT1005 Introduction to Computer Systems

Ulrich Werner

Chapter 9

Operating Systems

Discovering Computers

Technology in a World of Computers, Mobile Devices, and the Internet

Operating System Functions

• Starting Computers and Mobile Devices

– If a computer or mobile device is off, you press a power button to turn it on

BIOS

BIOS

• Sort of firmware used during the booting process

(power‐on start up)

• First software a computer runs when powered on
• Fundamental purposes:

– Initialize and test system hardware components – Load the operating system from a storage device

• Specifically designed to work with a particular

computer or motherboard model

• Stored on flash memory

Operating System Functions

• An operating system includes various power options

Sleep mode saves any open documents running programs

• r apps to memory, turns off

all unneeded functions, and then places the computer in a low‐power state Hibernate saves any open documents and running programs or apps to an internal hard drive before removing power from the computer or device

Operating System Functions

• A user interface

(UI) controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen

• With a graphical

user interface (GUI), you interact with menus and visual images

Operating System Functions

• In a command‐line interface, a user types commands

represented by short keywords or abbreviations or presses special keys on the keyboard to enter data and instructions

Operating System Functions

• How an operating system handles programs directly

affects your productivity

Single tasking and multitasking Foreground and background Single user and multiuser

Operating System Functions

• Memory management optimizes the use of the computer
• r device’s internal memory
• Virtual memory is a portion of a storage medium

functioning as additional RAM

Operating System Functions

• The operating system determines the order in which

tasks are processed

Operating System Functions

Operating System Functions

• Operating systems typically provide a means to establish

Internet connections

Operating System Functions

• A performance monitor is a program that assesses and

reports information about various computer resources and devices

Operating System Functions

• Operating systems often provide users with a variety of

tools related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs

File Manager File Manager Search Search Image Viewer Image Viewer Uninstaller Uninstaller Disk Cleanup Disk Cleanup Disk Defragmenter Disk Defragmenter Screen Saver Screen Saver File Compression File Compression PC Maintenance PC Maintenance Backup and Restore Backup and Restore

Operating System Functions

• Automatic update automatically provides new features
• r corrections to the program

Operating System Functions

• Some operating systems

are designed to work with a server on a network

• These multiuser
• perating systems allow

multiple users to share a printer, Internet access, files, and programs

• A network

administrator uses the server operating system to:

– Add and remove users, computers, and other devices – Configure the network, install software and administer network security

Types of Operating Systems

Desktop Operating Systems

UNIX is a multitasking

• perating system developed

in the early 1970s Linux is a popular, multitasking UNIX‐based

• perating system

Desktop Operating Systems

• Chrome OS is a Linux‐based operating system designed

to work primarily with web apps

Server Operating Systems

Windows Server OS X Server UNIX Linux

Mobile Operating Systems

• The operating system on mobile devices and many

consumer electronics is called a mobile operating system and resides on firmware

Android iOS Windows Phone

Mobile Operating Systems

• Android is an open

source, Linux‐based mobile operating system designed by Google for smartphones and tablets

Mobile Operating Systems

• iOS, developed by

Apple, is a proprietary mobile operating system specifically made for Apple’s mobile devices

Mobile Operating Systems

• Windows Phone,

developed by Microsoft, is a proprietary mobile

• perating system that

runs on some smartphones

Break time, ladies and gentlemen!

Chapter 10

Communications and Networks

Discovering Computers

Technology in a World of Computers, Mobile Devices, and the Internet

Communications

• Digital communications describes a process in which two
• r more computers or devices transfer data, instructions,

and information

Sending device Communications channel Receiving device

Networks

• A network is a collection of computers and devices

connected together via communications devices and transmission media

• Advantages of a network include:

Facilitating communications Sharing hardware Sharing data and information Sharing software Transferring funds

Networks

• A local area network

(LAN) is a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area

• A wireless LAN (WLAN)

is a LAN that uses no physical wires

Networks

• A metropolitan area network (MAN) connects LANs in a

metropolitan area

• A wide area network (WAN)

is a network that covers a large geographic area

• A personal area network

(PAN) is a network that connects computers and devices in an individual’s workspace with wired and wireless technology

Networks

• The configuration of computers, devices, and media on a

network is sometimes called the network architecture

Client/server network Peer-to-peer network

Networks

• A network topology refers to the layout of the computers

and devices in a communications network

Star network Bus network Ring network

Network Communications Standards and Protocols

Ethernet Token ring TCP/IP Wi‐Fi Bluetooth UWB IrDA RFID NFC WiMAX

Network Communications Standards and Protocols

Ethernet is a network standard that specifies no central computer or device on the network (nodes) should control when data can be transmitted The token ring standard specifies that computers and devices

• n the network share or pass a special signal (token)

TCP/IP is a network protocol that defines how messages (data) are routed from one end of a network to another

Network Communications Standards and Protocols

Network Communications Standards and Protocols

Communications Lines

• ADSL is a type of DSL that supports faster transfer rates

when receiving data

Communications Devices

• A communications device is any type of hardware

capable of transmitting data, instructions, and information between a sending device and a receiving device

Communications Devices

• A broadband modem sends and receives data and

information to and from a digital line

Cable modem DSL modem

Communications Devices

Communications Devices

• A wireless modem uses a mobile phone provider’s

network to connect to the Internet wirelessly from a computer or mobile device

Communications Devices

• A wireless access point is a central communications

device that allows computers and devices to transfer data wirelessly among themselves or to a wired network

Communications Devices

• A router connects

multiple computers or

• ther routers together

and transmits data to its correct destination on a network

Communications Devices

• A network card enables a computer or device that

does not have built‐in networking capability to access a network

• Available in a variety of styles

Communications Devices

• A hub or switch is a device that provides a central point

for cables in a network

Transmission Media

• Transmission media carries one or

more communications signals

• Broadband media transmit multiple

signals simultaneously

• The amount of data, instructions, and

information that can travel over transmission media sometimes is called the bandwidth

• Latency is the time it takes a signal to

travel from one location to another on a network

Physical Transmission Media

Twisted-pair cable Coaxial cable Fiber-optic cable

Wireless Transmission Media

• Broadcast radio is a

wireless transmission medium that distributes radio signals through the air over long distances

• Cellular radio is a form
• f broadcast radio that

is used widely for mobile communications

Wireless Transmission Media

• Microwaves are radio waves that provide a high‐speed

signal transmission

Wireless Transmission Media

• A global positioning system (GPS) is a navigation system

that consists of one or more earth‐based receivers that accept and analyze signals sent by satellites in order to determine the receiver’s geographical location

Wireless Transmission Media

Do you need another break?

Then go home!