Ge ogr aphic Issue s Study Jo rg e -A. Sa nc he z-P.& Niko s - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Ge ogr aphic Issue s Study Jo rg e -A. Sa nc he z-P.& Niko s Vo g ia tzis fo r the E ARNE ST / GE ANT 2 F o re sig ht Study http:/ / www.te re na .o rg / a c tivitie s/ e a rne st/ g e o g .html Amste rda m, 8 Ma y 2007 T he E
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http:/ / www.te re na .o rg / a c tivitie s/ e a rne st/ g e o g .html
Amste rda m, 8 Ma y 2007
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… due to infra struc tura l, so c ia l, e c o no mic , e duc a tio na l, re g ula to ry a nd o the r c a use s, inc luding b ut no t limite d to , una va ila b ility o f, diffic ulty in a c c e ssing , una wa re ne ss o f the a va ila b ility a nd/ o r c a pa b ilitie s o f, la c k o f unde rsta nding o f ho w to a c c e ss a nd/ o r use suc h dig ita l re so urc e s a nd te c hno lo g ie s.
* Co nc lusio ns sho uld b e a ble to b e de duc te d fo r o rg aniza tio ns, c a mpuse s, a nd g e o g ra phic are a s a tta c he d to re se arc h and e duc atio n ne two rks.
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“it is part o f the visio n o f the E uro pe an Re se arc h Are a that re se arc he rs thro ug ho ut E uro pe , irre spe c tive o f lo c atio n, will be able to c o ntribute fully to its hig h-quality re se arc h ac tivitie s. T his re pre se nts e quality o f o ppo r
tunity fo r
re se arc he rs, and inc re asing ly, advanc e d re se arc h ne two rks suc h as GÉ ANT and the NRE Ns are playing a ke y ro le in ac hie ving this.” T he S E RE NAT E study
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8-48 I ndic ato rs c o nvo lute d Cluste re d in 3- 6 sub-inde xe s Asse ss pro g re ss in c re ating dig ital
bridg ing the DD Ability to partic ipate in and be ne fit fro m I CT de ve lo pme nts
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(So ur c e : IT U/ UNCT DA/ KADO)
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(So ur c e : IT U)
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(So ur c e : WEF / Inse ad)
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–
Cove r s a lar ge numbe r
ie s
–
Modular str uc ture
(e .g . e na b ling fa c to rs/ o ppo rtunity, infra struc ture , usa g e , e tc ) –
Str aightforwar d me thodology
nde x (RE NDDI ) –
Obje c tive c r ite r ia and me asur able indic ator s
fro m the I T U, Wo rldBa nk, E uro Sta t, e tc , a nd pro c e sse d via ro b ust sta tistic a l me tho ds. –
Standar dize d indic ator s
wha t spe e d)—b o th c ha ng e s in a b so lute sc o re s, a s we ll a s c ha ng e s in ra nking s. –
Captur e s the c ause s as we ll as the e ffe c ts of the Digital Divide
te c hno lo g ie s
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Sub-Index Cluster
Answe rs wha t?
Infrastructure Usage Affordability Knowledge Quality Network capacity Resources utilization Financial capacity General infrastructure landscape Policy environment Human capacity Human output Network performance How capable is my network? How much my network is used? Can I build a good network? How robust is my network? Can people build and use my network?
Ho w to a nswe r?
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Category Sub-category Infrastructure Sub-Index How to construct the Sub-Index? Access network capacity External connectivity capacity Core network capacity N e t w o r k c a p a c i t y
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Category Sub-category Infrastructure Usage Affordability Knowledge Quality External connectivity capacity Core network capacity Access network capacity IP outgoing traffic IP incoming traffic GDP Expenditure on education Expenditure on R&D Literacy School enrolment Patents Researchers in R&D Availability NREN budget Sub-Index How to construct the Sub-Indexes? Internet tariff International Internet bandw. Internet users Broadband users Regulatory situation Unreachability Losses Jitter Throughput
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(So ur c e : T ERENA c o mpe ndium)
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Category Sub-category Infrastructure Core network size per user Core network capacity per user Sub-Index Sub-Sub-Index External connectivity with peerings per user Core network size per sq km Access network capacity per user External connectivity without peerings per user N e t w o r k c a p a c i t y T he NRE N po te ntial use rs are 7.5% o f the po pulatio n
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Category Sub-category Infrastructure Index Core network size Index1 Core network capacity Index Sub-Index Sub-Sub-Index External connectivity with peerings Index Core network size Index2 Access network capacity Index NREN External Connectivity Index NREN Core Network Connectivity Index NREN Access Network Connectivity Index External connectivity without peerings Index
67% 33% 30% 10% 60% 100% 33% 33% 33%
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Ave r age kbps pe r NR E N use r
Ne the rla nds: (inte rna t. c o nne c tio ns) 84,18kb ps (a c c e ss ne two rk): 71,03kb ps I c e la nd: (inte rna t. c o nne c tio ns) 59,18kb ps (a c c e ss ne two rk): 1.152,28kb ps Slo va kia : (inte rna t. c o nne c tio ns) 78,45kb ps (a c c e ss ne two rk): 186,61kb ps Russia : (inte rna t. c o nne c tio ns) 0,27kb ps (a c c e ss ne two rk): 1,55kb ps
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Category Sub-category Infrastructure Index Usage Index Affordability Index Knowledge Index Quality Index Core network size per user Core network capacity per user IP outgoing traffic per user IP incoming traffic per user GDP per capita Expenditure on education % of GDP Expenditure on R&D % Adult Literacy School enrolment Patents per capita Researchers per capita NREN budget % Sub-Index Sub-Sub-Index Internet tariff % International Internet bandw.per capita Internet users per capita Broadband users pc Regulatory situation External connectivity without peerings per user External connectivity with peerings per user Core network size per sq km Access network capacity per user
50% 20% 10% 10% 10%
Availability Unreachability Losses Jitter Throughput
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I c e land Ne the rlands S we de n S we de n S we de n Ge rmany F ranc e I srae l S lo ve nia F inland De nmark
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RENDDI vs DAI 0,00 10,00 20,00 30,00 40,00 50,00 60,00 70,00 80,00 90,00 100,00 0,00 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00 RENDDI vs DOI 0,00 10,00 20,00 30,00 40,00 50,00 60,00 70,00 80,00 90,00 100,00 0,00 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00
I c e land Ne the rlands S we de n No rway S lo vakia De nmark Cze c h Hung ary L atvia
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RENDDI vs GDP per capita 0,00 10,00 20,00 30,00 40,00 50,00 60,00 70,00 80,00 90,00 100,00 10.000 20.000 30.000 40.000 50.000 60.000 70.000 80.000 RENDDI vs Population in Countries 0,00 10,00 20,00 30,00 40,00 50,00 60,00 70,00 80,00 90,00 100,00 20.000.000 40.000.000 60.000.000 80.000.000 100.000.000 RENDDI vs Internet tariff 0,00 10,00 20,00 30,00 40,00 50,00 60,00 70,00 80,00 90,00 100,00 0,00 10,00 20,00 30,00 40,00 50,00 60,00 70,00 80,00 L uxe mbo urg L atvia Arme nia I c e land Ne the rlands RENDDI vs DOI and DAI 0,00 0,10 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80 0,90 1,00 0,00 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00
Digital Access Index Digital Opportunity Index
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NREN Budget (as % of GDP)
0,02 0,04 0,06 0,08 0,1 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,18 0,2 Croatia Slovenia Ireland Portugal Luxembourg Estonia Sweden Cyprus Norway Netherlands Greece Latvia Iceland Hungary Switzerland United Kingdom Finland Moldova Turkey Czech Republic Serbia Georgia Poland Jordan Denmark Macedonia, FYR Slovakia Belgium Algeria Lithuania Germany Italy Austria France Spain Romania Israel Bulgaria Azerbaijan Belarus Albania Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Morocco Syria Russia Uzbekistan Ukraine
RENDDI vs GDP pc (NREN budget) 10.000 20.000 30.000 40.000 50.000 60.000 70.000 80.000 0,00 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00
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pro b a b ly mo re use ful tha n o n the ma in RE NDDI
– T he sub -indic e s c a n a llo w fo r spe c ific po lic y re c o mme nda tio ns a nd c o nc re te a c tio n pla ns in o rde r to a ddre ss lo w-ra nke d a ttrib ute s. – A c o untry’ s o ve ra ll RE NDDI sc o re c a n b e use d to b e nc hma rk the pe rfo rma nc e o n the ma in sub -indic e s in o rde r to pro duc e a spe c ific dia g no sis o n intra -indic a to rs c o rre la tio ns a nd de via tio ns.
ime e vo lutio n (tre nd) o f RE NDDI a nd its sub -indic e s is sig nific a ntly mo re me a ning ful tha n a sta tic sna psho t
– T his re q uire s de dic a te d re so urc e s, c o mmitme nt, a nd c o nsiste nc y, in o rde r to imple me nt a da ta c o lle c tio n, va lida tio n, a nd a na lysis (b o th o ffline a nd o nline ) pro c e ss tha t c a rie s o ve r a lo ng pe rio d o f time (e .g . min 3-5 ye a rs)
E RE NA Co mpe ndium is wide ly a c c e pte d b y the NRE N c o mmunity a s a re fe re nc e po int o f da ta g a the ring , ho we ve r, a da ta va lida tio n me c ha nism is re q uire d in o rde r to e nsure da ta c o rre c tne ss a s muc h a s po ssib le
– A da ta va lida tio n me c ha nism will a lso e nc o ura g e c o o pe ra tio n a nd c o o rdina tio n a mo ng the NRE N, Ac a de mia , Ministrie s, a nd o the r sta ke ho lde rs in o rde r to pro duc e a c o he sive na tio na l po lic y a nd c o nse nsus. – T he RE NDDI
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– A c o mpre he nsive sta tistic a l fra me wo rk to monitor
the R E NDD
– A fra me o f re fe re nc e fo r c ompar
isons ove r time and be twe e n r e gions
– A be nc hmar
k for monitor ing inte r nal dispar itie s in RE
N I nfra struc ture , Usa g e , Affo rda b ility, K no wle dg e a nd Qua lity b a se d o n c la ssific a to ry va ria b le s o f inte re st to the R&E c o mmunity – A T
E N polic ie s
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urthe r c o nfirm the da ta in the da ta b a se s a nd e va lua te furthe r the c o nvo lutio n me tho ds (se nsitivity a na lysis, e tc ) -> Co mpa re “Apple s with Apple s”
de ntify da ta fo r the Qua lity I nde x (ping e r)
nde x a g a in fo r 2007
– T he Na tio na l Re se a rc h a nd E duc a tio n Ne two rks – T he ma na g e me nt o f re se a rc h institute s, unive rsitie s a nd o the r
– Go ve rnme nts a nd re se a rc h funding b o die s fo r the de ve lo pme nt o f future stra te g ie s – T he E uro pe a n Co mmissio n, whic h is spo nso ring the study a nd va lue s the Dig ita l Divide issue hig h in its po lic y a g e nda – T he me mb e rs o f the E uro pe a n Pa rlia me nt
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E RE NA
ARNE ST pa ne l
ssue s Study Adviso ry Bo a rd
nstitute o f Co mpute r a nd Co mmunic a tio ns Syste ms
T U, Wo rldBa nk, WE F , OE CD
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GN2
L NE T )
N)
T )
SNE T )
sto nia (E E Ne t)
inla nd (F UNE T )
ra nc e (RE NAT E R)
N)
T )
T )
c e la nd (RHne t)
re la nd (HE Ane t)
sra e l (I UCC)
ta ly (GARR)
GN2 Obse r ve r s & SE E R E N
S)
YR o f Ma c e do nia (MARNe t)
SE E R E N
N)
(BI HARNE T )
POR T A OPT ICA
T )
NAM)
NA)
NA)
T )
a tvia (L AT NE T )
ithua nia (L I T NE T )
uxe mb o urg (RE ST E NA)
ne t)
NE T T )
ONI E R)
CCN)
duNe t)
T / RUNNE T )
T )
S)
RI S)
T )
T CH)
urke y (UL AK BI M)
ing do m (UK E RNA)
E UME DCONNE CT
g ypt (E UN)
T )
e b a no n (CNRS)
ib ya
)
2)
AST )
unisia (MRST )
OCASSION
a za khsta n (K a zRE NA)
yrg yzsta n (K RE NA- AK NE T )
a jikista n
urkme nista n
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“T he o rig ins o f the Dig ita l Divide c a n b e da te d q uite pre c ise ly to Ma y 24, 1844, whe n the first e le c tro nic te le g ra ph ro ute wa s
Sa mue l Mo rse se nt the histo ric first me ssa g e “Wha t ha th Go d wro ug ht? ” T ha t first link privile g e d the two e nd-po ints o f the c irc uit, b ut e ve ry o the r po int o n the g lo b e sudde nly fo und itse lf o n the wro ng side o f a ne wly-o pe ne d Dig ita l Divide . Ho we ve r, b y the time the o rig ina l te le g ra ph c irc uit wa s e xte nde d to re a c h Phila de lphia a nd Ne w Yo rk, the Dig ita l Divide wa s a lre a dy sta rting to b e re duc e d.”