Ge ogr aphic Issue s Study Jo rg e -A. Sa nc he z-P.& Niko s - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Ge ogr aphic Issue s Study Jo rg e -A. Sa nc he z-P.& Niko s Vo g ia tzis fo r the E ARNE ST / GE ANT 2 F o re sig ht Study http:/ / www.te re na .o rg / a c tivitie s/ e a rne st/ g e o g .html Amste rda m, 8 Ma y 2007 T he E ARNE STF o re sig ht Study 2006 - 2007

Pr e se ntation T opic s • T he DD in the RE N c o nte xt • A F ra me wo rk fo r me a suring the DD in RE N • T he RE NDDI struc ture • K e y F inding s a nd F uture Wo rk T he E ARNE STF o re sig ht Study 2006 - 2007

GIS main Goal … to c o me up with a n e nha nc e d, c o nc re te a nd struc ture d me a suring a ppro a c h tha t will le a d to a de e pe r unde rsta nding a nd a ddre ssing o f the Dig ita l Divide (DD) c ha lle ng e s in the Re se a rc h & E duc a tio n Ne two rking c o nte xt. Qua ntify the Dig ita l Divide / Oppo rtunity Qua ntify the ne e d fo r impro ve d ne two rk pe rfo rma nc e T he E ARNE STF o re sig ht Study 2006 - 2007

De finition of the R E NDD “ T he une ve n distrib utio n, diffe re nc e o r g a p in re g ula r a nd e ffe c tive a c c e ss to a nd usa g e o f dig ita l re so urc e s a nd te c hno lo g ie s ” … b e twe e n sc ie ntists, re se arc he rs, stude nts, e tc * attac he d to re se arc h and e duc atio n ne two rks … due to infra struc tura l, so c ia l, e c o no mic , e duc a tio na l, re g ula to ry a nd o the r c a use s, inc luding b ut no t limite d to , una va ila b ility o f, diffic ulty in a c c e ssing , una wa re ne ss o f the a va ila b ility a nd/ o r c a pa b ilitie s o f, la c k o f unde rsta nding o f ho w to a c c e ss a nd/ o r use suc h dig ita l re so urc e s a nd te c hno lo g ie s. * Co nc lusio ns sho uld b e a ble to b e de duc te d fo r o rg aniza tio ns, c a mpuse s, a nd g e o g ra phic are a s a tta c he d to re se arc h and e duc atio n ne two rks . T he E ARNE STF o re sig ht Study 2006 - 2007

Why a solid and r obust F r ame wor k? “it is part o f the visio n o f the E uro pe an Re se arc h Are a that re se arc he rs thro ug ho ut E uro pe , irre spe c tive o f lo c atio n, will be able to c o ntribute fully to its hig h-quality re se arc h ac tivitie s. T his re pre se nts e quality o f o ppo r tunity fo r re se arc he rs, and inc re asing ly, advanc e d re se arc h ne two rks suc h as GÉ ANT and the NRE Ns are playing a ke y ro le in ac hie ving this.” T he S E RE NAT E study Sta ke ho lde rs ne e d info rma tio n, b e nc hma rks a nd a na lysis to e va lua te wha t ha s b e e n a c hie ve d, a s we ll a s wha t is a c hie va b le in the future in e a c h me mb e r sta te a nd ne ig hb o ring c o untrie s fo r a ppro pria te po lic y inte rve ntio ns to ta ke pla c e . T he E ARNE STF o re sig ht Study 2006 - 2007

T he Inte r national E xpe r ie nc e A c omposite inde x Asse ss pro g re ss in c re ating dig ital o ppo rtunity and bridg ing the DD Cluste re d in 3- Ability to partic ipate in 6 sub-inde xe s and be ne fit fro m I CT de ve lo pme nts 8-48 I ndic ato rs c o nvo lute d T he E ARNE STF o re sig ht Study 2006 - 2007

DA/ KADO) tunity Inde x (2005) U/ UNCT c e : IT (So ur o re sig ht Study 2006 - 2007 Digital Oppor STF ARNE he E T

( So ur c e : IT U) Digital Ac c e ss Inde x (2003) T he E ARNE STF o re sig ht Study 2006 - 2007

/ Inse ad) e adine ss Inde x (2007) c e : WEF (So ur o re sig ht Study 2006 - 2007 ke d R STF ARNE he E Ne twor T

T he R E NDDI Quantific ation F r ame wor k – Cove r s a lar ge numbe r of c ountr ie s – Modular str uc ture • c a n b e g ro upe d in lo g ic a l c la ssific a tio ns/ c luste rs/ c a te g o rie s/ a re a s with spe c ia l inte re st (e .g . e na b ling fa c to rs/ o ppo rtunity, infra struc ture , usa g e , e tc ) – Str aightforwar d me thodology • Ra w ing re die nts a re se pa ra te indic a to rs tha t c a n b e me a sure d re la tive ly e a sily. • Ca n b e c o nvo lute d into a sing le I nde x (RE NDDI ) – Obje c tive c r ite r ia and me asur able indic ator s • Da ta c o lle c te d via hig h-q ua lity so urc e s, e .g . the Co mpe ndium o r o the r da ta b a se s fro m the I T U, Wo rldBa nk, E uro Sta t, e tc , a nd pro c e sse d via ro b ust sta tistic a l me tho ds. – Standar dize d indic ator s • Allo ws fo r c o nsiste nt a nd pe rio dic a l me a sure me nts a nd a sse ssme nts • Pe rmits c o mpa riso ns o f the Dig ita l Divide e vo lutio n (whe the r it is diminishing a nd a t wha t spe e d)—b o th c ha ng e s in a b so lute sc o re s, a s we ll a s c ha ng e s in ra nking s. – Captur e s the c ause s as we ll as the e ffe c ts of the Digital Divide • e xpo sing b o th the re a dine ss a s we ll a s the inte nsity o f use o f dig ita l re so urc e s a nd te c hno lo g ie s T he E ARNE STF o re sig ht Study 2006 - 2007

R E NDDI Str uc tur e Sub-Index Ho w to a nswe r? Answe rs wha t? Cluster Infrastructure Network capacity How capable is my network? Resources utilization Usage How much my network is used? General infrastructure landscape Affordability Can I build a good network? Financial capacity Policy environment Human capacity Human output Knowledge Can people build and use my network? Network performance Quality How robust is my network? T he E ARNE STF o re sig ht Study 2006 - 2007

R E NDDI Str uc tur e Infr astr uc tur e Sub-Inde x Category Sub-Index How to construct the Sub-Index? Sub-category External connectivity capacity N e t w o r k c a p a c i t y Core network capacity Infrastructure Access network capacity T he E ARNE STF o re sig ht Study 2006 - 2007

R E NDDI Str uc tur e Sub-Inde xe s Sub-Index Category How to construct the Sub-Indexes? Sub-category Core network capacity Infrastructure External connectivity capacity Access network capacity Usage IP outgoing traffic IP incoming traffic GDP Expenditure on education Expenditure on R&D NREN budget Affordability Internet tariff International Internet bandw. Internet users Broadband users Regulatory situation Knowledge Literacy School enrolment Patents Researchers in R&D Unreachability Quality Availability Losses Jitter Throughput T he E ARNE STF o re sig ht Study 2006 - 2007

ERENA c o mpe ndium) c e : T e Inde x NDDI Input (So ur o re sig ht Study 2006 - 2007 uc tur astr E STF Infr ARNE R he E T

R E NDDI Str uc tur e Infr astr uc tur e Inde x Sub-Index Category Sub-category Sub-Sub-Index External connectivity with peerings per user T he NRE N External connectivity without peerings per user po te ntial use rs N e t w o r k c a p a c i t y are 7.5% o f the po pulatio n Core network size per user Core network size per sq km Infrastructure Core network capacity per user Access network capacity per user T he E ARNE STF o re sig ht Study 2006 - 2007

R E NDDI Str uc tur e Infr astr uc tur e Inde x (c ont’d) Category Sub-Index Sub-Sub-Index Sub-category NREN 33% External connectivity with peerings Index External Connectivity External connectivity without peerings Index 67% 33% Index NREN Core 60% 33% Core network size Index1 Network Infrastructure 10% Core network size Index2 Connectivity Index Index 30% Core network capacity Index 33% NREN Access Network 100% Connectivity Access network capacity Index Index T he E ARNE STF o re sig ht Study 2006 - 2007

R E N Infr astr uc tur e Inde x (2006) Ave r age kbps pe r NR E N use r Ne the rla nds: (inte rna t. c o nne c tio ns) 84,18kb ps (a c c e ss ne two rk): 71,03kb ps I c e la nd: (inte rna t. c o nne c tio ns) 59,18kb ps (a c c e ss ne two rk): 1.152,28kb ps Slo va kia : (inte rna t. c o nne c tio ns) 78,45kb ps (a c c e ss ne two rk): 186,61kb ps T he E ARNE STF o re sig ht Study 2006 - 2007 Russia : (inte rna t. c o nne c tio ns) 0,27kb ps (a c c e ss ne two rk): 1,55kb ps

R E NDDI Str uc tur e Use r -c e ntr ic Sub-Inde xe s Sub-Index Category Sub-Sub-Index Sub-category External connectivity with peerings per user Core network size per sq km Infrastructure External connectivity without peerings per user Core network size per user Index 50% Access network capacity per user Core network capacity per user Usage IP outgoing traffic per user IP incoming traffic per user Index 20% GDP per capita Expenditure on education % of GDP Expenditure on R&D % Affordability Internet tariff % International Internet bandw.per capita Broadband users pc Index 10% NREN budget % Internet users per capita Regulatory situation Knowledge Adult Literacy School enrolment Patents per capita Researchers per capita Index 10% Quality Unreachability Availability Losses Jitter Throughput Index T he E ARNE STF o re sig ht Study 2006 - 2007 10%

R E NDDI (2006) - top 30 I c e land Ne the rlands S we de n S lo ve nia F inland De nmark S S we de n we de n Ge rmany F ranc e I srae l T he E ARNE STF o re sig ht Study 2006 - 2007

NDDI (2006) - ne xt 30 o re sig ht Study 2006 - 2007 STF ARNE he E T E R

NDDI (2006) o re sig ht Study 2006 - 2007 STF ARNE E R he E T