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Functional Decomposition of a Medium Voltage DC Integrated Power System ASNE SYMPOSIUM 2008 SHIPBUILDING IN SUPPORT OF THE GLOBAL WAR ON TERRORISM April 14-17, 2008 Mississippi Coast Coliseum Convention Center Mississippi Coast Coliseum

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SLIDE 1

Functional Decomposition of a Medium Voltage DC Integrated Power System

ASNE SYMPOSIUM 2008 SHIPBUILDING IN SUPPORT OF THE GLOBAL WAR ON TERRORISM April 14-17, 2008 Mississippi Coast Coliseum Convention Center Mississippi Coast Coliseum Convention Center

CAPT Norbert Doerry CAPT Norbert Doerry

Technical Director, Future Concepts and Surface Ship Design Naval Sea Systems Command

  • Dr. John Amy

Di t P S t

April 2008 Approved for Public Release CAPT Doerry - Dr. Amy 1

Director, Power Systems BMT Syntek Technologies

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SLIDE 2

Agenda

  • NGIPS Technology Development Roadmap
  • Notional MVDC Architecture
  • Functional Requirements

– Power Management – Normal Conditions – Power Management – Quality of Service – Power Management – Survivability – System Stability – Fault Response – Power Quality – Maintenance Support – System Grounding

  • Conclusions

April 2008 Approved for Public Release CAPT Doerry - Dr. Amy 2

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SLIDE 3

NGIPS Technology Development Roadmap

Vision: To produce affordable power solutions for future surface combatants, submarines, expeditionary warfare ships, combat logistic ships, maritime prepositioning force ships, and support vessels. ships, maritime prepositioning force ships, and support vessels.

The NGIPS enterprise approach will:

  • Improve the power density and affordability of

p p y y Navy power systems

  • Deploy appropriate architectures, systems, and

components as they are ready into ship acquisition programs q p g

  • Use common elements such as:
  • Zonal Electrical Distribution Systems (ZEDS)
  • Power conversion modules
  • Electric power control modules
  • Implement an Open Architecture Business and

Technical Model

  • Acknowledge MVDC power generation with

ZEDS as the Navy’s primary challenge for future

April 2008 Approved for Public Release CAPT Doerry - Dr. Amy 3

combatants

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SLIDE 4

NGIPS Technology Development Roadmap

sity

  • wer Den

Hi h F Medium Voltage Direct Current (MVDC) 6 kVDC

  • Reduced power conversion

Eli i t t f

Po

High Frequency Alternating Current (HFAC) 4-13.8kVAC 200-400 Hz

  • Power-dense generation
  • Power-dense transformers
  • Conventional protection

Medium Voltage AC

  • Eliminate transformers
  • Advanced reconfiguration

Now Near Future

DDG 1000

  • Conventional protection

g Power Generation (MVAC) 4-13.8 kVAC 60 Hz

April 2008 Approved for Public Release CAPT Doerry - Dr. Amy 4

Now Near Future

“Directing the Future of Ship’s Power” “Directing the Future of Ship’s Power”

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SLIDE 5

Notional MVDC Architecture

  • Power Generation Modules

produce Medium Voltage DC produce Medium Voltage DC Power

– Between 6 and 10 kV

  • Large Loads (such as
  • Large Loads (such as

Propulsion Motor Modules) interface directly to the MVDC bus bus

  • PCM-B is interface to in-zone

distribution system

  • Control provided by PCON
  • Control provided by PCON

Location of Energy Storage within Architecture still an open issue

April 2008 Approved for Public Release CAPT Doerry - Dr. Amy 5

Architecture still an open issue

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SLIDE 6

Power System Functions

  • Power Management –

Normal Conditions

  • Power Management –

Quality of Service

  • Power Management –

Survivability

  • System Stability

System Stability

  • Fault Response
  • Power Quality
  • Maintenance Support
  • System Grounding

April 2008 Approved for Public Release CAPT Doerry - Dr. Amy 6

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SLIDE 7

Power Management – Normal Conditions

  • Provide sufficient power to

all loads while providing sufficient rolling reserve

  • LOAD DEPENDENT

POWER MANAGEMENT MODEL

– Base rolling reserve on the total amount of load and the

Radan 2004

current operating condition

  • RESOURCE

MANAGEMENT MODEL

Mission Systems Resource Systems Electric Plant Training Logistics Support Mobility Combat Systems Cargo Handling

– Calculate Rolling Reserve based on negotiations between Resource M

g pp Fire Main g g Command and Control

April 2008 Approved for Public Release CAPT Doerry - Dr. Amy 7

Managers

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SLIDE 8

Power Management – Quality of Service

  • Provide Power Continuity to the

degree needed by the loads

– Un-interruptible p – Short term interruptible – Long term interruptible

  • ROLLING RESERVE MODEL

– Respond to a shortage in power generation it b h ddi l t i t t

ENERGY PRODUCTION (GENERATION) DISTRIBUTION ENERGY USE (LOADS)

capacity by shedding long-term interrupt loads. – Keep sufficient power generation capacity

  • nline to power uninterruptible and short-term

interruptible loads on loss of the largest online generator

ENERGY EXCESS

generator. – Restore Long term interrupt loads are when sufficient power generation capacity is restored.

  • ENERGY STORAGE MODEL

U t t i t tibl

ENERGY EXCESS ENERGY DEFICIENCY ENERGY

– Use energy storage to power uninterruptible and short-term interruptible loads until sufficient power generation is restored to power all loads.

ENERGY STORAGE ENERGY DISPOSAL

April 2008 Approved for Public Release CAPT Doerry - Dr. Amy 8

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SLIDE 9

Power Management – Survivability

  • Zonal Survivability is assumed. Issues

become

– Which power system components are safe to energize? – Which loads are safe to energize? – What is the priority ranking of loads to What is the priority ranking of loads to re-energize?

  • OPERATOR-BASED RESPONSE

MODEL

– System reports the condition of power system equipment and loads. – Operator makes decisions.

  • AGENT BASED RESPONSE MODEL
  • AGENT BASED RESPONSE MODEL

– Resource Managers (computer agents) determine health of equipment and make decisions.

April 2008 Approved for Public Release CAPT Doerry - Dr. Amy 9

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SLIDE 10

System Stability

  • Stability of DC Power Systems

complicated by negative incremental resistance of constant power loads. p

  • LINEAR STABILITY METHODS

– Generally based on Gain and Phase margins. – Measure of Small Signal Stability only.

G(s) = SL

easu e o S a S g a Stab ty o y – Need to address all operating conditions to assess stability.

  • NONLINEAR STABILITY METHODS

– Accurately model the time-varying, non- Accurately model the time varying, non linear power system including initial conditions, system parameters and inputs. – Determine equilibrium points. – Determine perturbations about each equilibrium equilibrium. – For each perturbation about each equilibrium, determine the dynamic response of the system and whether it is acceptable

April 2008 Approved for Public Release CAPT Doerry - Dr. Amy 10 (Flower and Hodge 2005)

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SLIDE 11

Fault Response

  • Fault Response Actions

– Identifies that a fault has occurred – Reconfigures the power system g p y – Protects equipment and cables

  • CIRCUIT BREAKER MODEL

– Fault currents coordinate the tripping of breakers. – Affordability Concerns

  • DC Breakers
  • Power electronics sized to provide

sufficient fault current

POWER ELECTRONICS MODEL

  • POWER ELECTRONICS MODEL

– Sensors and controls detect and localize faults. – Use QOS to enable taking bus down to isolate fault with zero current switches isolate fault with zero-current switches.

  • Provide un-interruptible loads with

alternate power source. – Requires an architecture and a design methodology.

April 2008 Approved for Public Release CAPT Doerry - Dr. Amy 11

gy

(Phillips 2006)

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SLIDE 12

Power Quality

  • MVDC bus has a limited diversity of

sources and loads.

– Ideal voltage range and degree of

ge

Ideal voltage range and degree of regulation is not obvious.

  • TIGHT TOLERANCE MODEL

– Voltages regulated within a relatively narrow band to a set

Volta

relatively narrow band to a set nominal voltage. – Simplifies interface design

  • LOOSE TOLERANCE MODEL

PCON t i l lt

time

– PCON sets nominal voltage over a wide range. – Regulate voltage within a band around the nominal voltage. O ti i t ffi i

Voltage

– Optimize system efficiency. – Increase complexity of sources and loads. – Increase cable size to enable ti t th l lt li it

V ti

April 2008 Approved for Public Release CAPT Doerry - Dr. Amy 12

  • peration at the lower voltage limit.

time

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SLIDE 13

Maintenance Support

  • Electrically isolate equipment in a safe

and verifiable manner to support Maintenance.

  • PHYSICAL DISCONNECT MODEL

– Isolate equipment with switches, circuit breakers, removable links, removable fuses etc fuses, etc. – Use of Danger Tags

  • CONTROL SYSTEM, POWER

ELECTRONICS DISCONNECT MODEL MODEL

– Use power electronics to electrically isolate loads

  • Isolate gate drive circuits?

– Automate “Danger Tags” through control system and component design. – Trades cost of hardware with complexity and cost of control system.

April 2008 Approved for Public Release CAPT Doerry - Dr. Amy 13

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SLIDE 14

System Grounding

  • Should PCM-B provide galvanic

isolation between the MVDC Bus (PDM-A) and the In-Zone Di t ib ti ? Distribution?

  • PCM-B WITH GALVANIC

ISOLATION

– Prevents DC Offsets from ground faults on MVDC bus from faults on MVDC bus from propagating into the In-Zone Distribution – Weight of isolation transformers can be reduced by using high-frequency t f

Ground Plane AC Waveform

transformers.

  • PCM-B WITHOUT GALVANIC

ISOLATION

– Potentially lighter, smaller, and cheaper cheaper. – May require fast removal of ground faults on the MVDC Bus to prevent insulation system failure in the In- Zone Distribution.

April 2008 Approved for Public Release CAPT Doerry - Dr. Amy 14

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SLIDE 15

Summary

  • NGIPS Technology

Development Roadmap

  • Notional MVDC Architecture
  • Functional Requirements

– Power Management – Normal Conditions – Power Management – Quality of Service – Power Management – Survivability – System Stability F lt R – Fault Response – Power Quality – Maintenance Support S t G di

April 2008 Approved for Public Release CAPT Doerry - Dr. Amy 15

– System Grounding