for Existence Life and Work of Leopold Pfaundler Foto: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Sep 09, 2023 527 likes •777 views

Molecules Struggling for Existence Life and Work of Leopold Pfaundler Foto: http://physik.uibk.ac.at/museum/de/physicists/pfaundler.html Rudolf Werner Soukup University of Vienna Institut fr Anorganische Chemie - funktionelle

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„Molecules Struggling for Existence“ Life and Work of Leopold Pfaundler

Foto: http://physik.uibk.ac.at/museum/de/physicists/pfaundler.html

Rudolf Werner Soukup University of Vienna Institut für Anorganische Chemie - funktionelle Materialien Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Wien email: rudolf.werner@kabelnet.at

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American Chemical Society Division of the History of Chemistry

Citations for Chemical Breakthrough Awards

2016 Awardees

L. Pfaundler “Beitrag zur Chemischen Statik,” (Poggendorff) Annalen der

Physik und Chemie, 1867, 131, 55-85. Universität Innsbruck, Austria

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1848 - 1856: Pfaundler was educated at the “Akademisches Gymnasium” in Innsbruck

http://www.veikkos-archiv.com/index.php?title=Datei:W0247244.jpg https://www.uibk.ac.at/universitaet/ profil/inside/profil/geschichte/image s/altes-hauptgebaeude.jpg

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Pfaundler’s teacher in natural history at the gymnasium was the geologist Adolf Pichler (1819 – 1900)

Quelle: Gerhard Oberkofler und Peter Goller: Geschichte der Universität Innsbruck (1669-1945). 2. Auflage, Lang, Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] 1996 https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Pichler#/media/File:G eologische_Karte_Adolf_Pichler.jpg

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1857: Pfaundler enrolled at the Leopold Franzens Universität

https://www.uibk.ac.at/newsroom/admi ssion_procedures.html.en

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25 June 1866 Battle of Caffaro

http://www.wikiwand. com/it/Battaglia_di_P

nte_Caffaro

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Ludwig Barth von Barthenau 1839 - 1890

since 1867 professor in Innsbruck since 1876 professor in Vienna 1880: Founder of “Monatshefte für Chemie” (Chemistry Monthly) together with

A. Lieben and J. Loschmidt

Discoverer of resorcin In 1869 Barth described tyrosine as “hydroxylated phenylalanine”

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Map of the Alpeiner Ferner: L. Pfaundler, August 1886 Zeitschrift des DuOeAV 1887

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Heinrich Hlasiwetz

1825 – 1875 Chemistry of Natural Products

1859 elucidation of the quercitrin structure

Foto: Alexander Rollett Archiv

Pfaundler’s teacher:

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Pfaundler’s teacher: Henri Victor Regnault 1810 – 1878

Heat capacity measurements Discoverer of sulfuryl chloride and carbon tetrachloride

Painter: Henri Regnaul jun.: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100- 40422012000200037

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Pfaundler’s teacher: Henri Sainte-Claire Deville 1818 - 1881

Dissociation of molecules at high temperatures

https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_20/February_1882/M._Sainte- Claire_Deville#/media/File:PSM_V20_D448_Henri_Etienne_Sainte_Claire_DeVille.jpg

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Pfaundler’s teacher: Marcelin Berthelot 1827 - 1907

sugar chemistry, acetylene … Berthelot´s principle, chemical history

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Marcellin_%28or_Ma rcelin%29_Pierre_Eug%C3%A8ne_Berthelot_%281827_- _1907%29_Wellcome_M0000149.jpg

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Pfaundler: „Beiträge zur chemischen Statik“ 1867

Starting point: A2 = 2A
Analogous: vaporization of liquids

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AB + C = BC + A

Opening of AB favored by C upon collision
Intermediate forms: ABC
2 decomposition possibilities:

ABC AB + C ABC BC + A

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Pfaundler 1875: „Der Kampf ums Dasein unter den Molecülen“

AB + CD = …..
AA, BB, CC, DD, ACAD, AABB, AACC,

CCBB,…

Rising temperature favours the formation of

more simple molecules

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Foto: http://physik.uibk.ac.at/hephy/Hess/diplomarbeit/Kapitel/8_2.html

Leopold Pfaundler

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Johann Kravogl 1823-1889

Kraftrad 1867

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Johann_K ravogl.jpg https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Kravogl #/media/File:TMW_4996_Elektrisches_Kraftr ad_von_Kravogl.JPG

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August Friedrich Horstmann

1842 – 1929 1862: Founder of chemical thermodynamics

Von Heliogravüre by Meisenbach Riffarth & Co Leipzig; Scanned, image processed and uploaded by Kuebi = Armin Kübelbeck - Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, Band 30, von 1899, https://commons.wikimedia.org/ w/index.php?curid=12030087

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Horstmann 1873 / 1878

ΔH - T.ΔS = - R.T.lnK

Van´t Hoff 1884

d lg K / dT = Q /2T2

Arrhenius equation

k = A e –E/RT

Re-interpretation

k = P . Z . e –E/RT

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Frans Eppo Cornelis Scheffer 1883 - 1954 Wiebold Frans Brandsma 1892 - 1964

Formulation of the Arrhenius equation by Scheffer and Brandsma 1926:

k = kB.T /h. eΔ ≠ S / R. e-Δ ≠ H / RT

Δ≠Go free energy, Δ≠Ho enthalpy Δ≠So entropy of the activated complex

illustratie uit Levensberichten KNAW-leden (KNAW): http://www.biografischportaal.nl/pers

on/16063430

http://www.biografischp

rtaal.nl/persoon/51977

280

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Michael Polanyi ca. 1937 Henry Eyring

1929 – 1935 Polanyi and Eyring: Semiempiric method of predicting activation energies

Eyring formula: Transition state theory k = kB.T/h.eΔ≠S/R . e-Δ≠H/RT

Meredith Gwynne Evans

http://philweb.rlwclarke.net/Topics/Nature/Polanyi/Polanyi.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meredith_Gwynne_E vans#/media/File:Meredith_Gwynne_Evans.jpg http://www.eoht.info/page/Henry+Eyring