Follow the money flow DVP issues arising from PS14/9 Ash Saluja 8 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Follow the money flow – DVP issues arising from PS14/9

Ash Saluja 8 July 2014

Overview

− Removal of the DVP exemption for authorised fund managers proposed in CP14/9 − Following huge lobbying effort, compromise proposed by FCA in PS14/9 − Do the new rules allow some flexibility? − A few caveats:

• Principle 10 still requires firms to provide adequate protection for client

assets – need to think about the broader risk of your insolvency regardless of any technical arguments under the rules

• There are numerous exceptions that occur in practice (e.g. late

renunciations, failed settlements etc.) – need to consider processes to cope with those as well

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Current DVP exemption – CASS 7.2.8B

− Money need not be treated as client money in respect of a delivery versus payment transaction, for the purpose of settling a transaction in relation to units in a regulated collective investment scheme, if:

• the authorised fund manager receives it from a client in relation to the

authorised fund manager's obligation to issue units… or to arrange for the issue of units… in accordance with COLL; or

• the money is held in the course of redeeming units where the proceeds
• f that redemption are paid to a client within the time specified in COLL

(i.e. cash transferred or cheque issued to client by T+4) − Implication that the authorised fund manager is dealing as agent (i.e. issue and redemption of units) rather than dealing as principal (i.e. sale and purchase of units)

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Proposal under CP14/9 to remove DVP exemption

− FCA proposed to remove the DVP exemption due to several concerns:

• what happens if DVP transaction fails to settle in time?
• more importantly, what happens if firm becomes insolvent before

transaction has settled? − Practical implications of this…

• authorised fund managers would be expected to adopt the normal

approach to segregation

• removal of DVP exemption entirely would effectively have required

authorised fund managers to receive subscription monies into and pay redemption proceeds out of a client money bank account only

• liquidity issues for authorised fund managers as currently redemption

proceeds paid to investors are funded temporarily by new subscriptions

• issues around converting “old” house accounts to “new” client money

bank accounts

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Revised DVP exemption post PS14/9 - CASS 7.11.21R

− Money need not be treated as client money in respect of a delivery versus payment transaction for the purpose of settling a transaction in relation to units in a regulated collective investment scheme if:

• the authorised fund manager receives the money from a client in

relation to the authorised fund manager's obligation to issue units... or to arrange for the issue of units… in accordance with COLL; or

• the money is held in the course of redeeming units where the proceeds
• f that redemption are paid to a client within the time specified in COLL

− PROVIDED THAT if the authorised fund manager has not, by close of business on the business day following the date of receipt of the money, paid this money to the depositary, the [fund], or to the client, the authorised fund manager must stop using the DVP exemption under for that transaction (i.e. the money must then be transferred to a client money bank account)

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Implications of the revised DVP exemption

− Does this help?

• Still the implication under the rules that the authorised fund manager is dealing as

agent (i.e. issue and redemption of units) rather than dealing as principal (i.e. sale and purchase of units)

• Seems to address the issue re converting “old” house accounts into client money bank

accounts and/or not being able to use the alternative approach to segregation

• May help partially address the intra-day liquidity concerns that arose with the

proposed removal of the DVP exemption (i.e. where redemption proceeds are paid

• ut of an account in morning, when the relevant funds only reach the account later

that day from the fund/depositary, by using subscription monies/other redemption proceeds temporarily)

• Likely that firms will have less liquidity than at present – impact yet to be determined.
• Timescale for segregation on redemptions now runs from receipt of proceeds. Under

principal model authorised fund manager may fund sales using purchase monies from investors as well as redemption monies from fund – it receives these for its own account so no clear receipt of money falling within DVP exemption. Under both principal and non-principal models authorised fund manager may use netting rather than receiving actual payment of redemption monies from fund.

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Investor/Agent

Investor bank account/agent’s client money bank account

Fund

Fund Register

Manager

Initially operating/settlement account, transfer to client money bank account COB T+1

Instructions (before or on T) Cash (before or on T+4) Units created at T? Units registered in name

• f client at T (irrevocable
• nce fund manager

receives funds)

Depositary/trustee

Fund account

Cash (on T+4) assuming (i) no netting and (ii) intra- day funding/cash received by fund manager in time to transfer

Subscribing through fund manager under non-principal model

Key points:

• Cash received prior to T must be treated as

client money

• Cash received on or after T is arguably not

the investor’s money if the investor goes on to the register at T

• Cash will still be client money in any event if

it belongs to/is owed to the fund

• DVP exemption permits intra-day funding

using the subscription monies

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Investor/Agent

Investor bank account/agent’s client money bank account

Fund

Fund Register

Manager

Initially operating/settlement account, transfer to client money bank account by COB T+5

Instructions (before or on T) Cash or cheque (on T+4 assuming renunciation at T, may precede receipt from depositary/trustee Units cancelled and removed from register on renunciation

Depositary/trustee

Fund account

Cash (on T+4 assuming (i) no netting and (ii) renunciation at T)

Redeeming through fund manager under non-principal model

Key points:

• Investor will no longer be on the register at

renunciation but money not payable to them until T+4

• If money not paid to client/agent by T+5 then pay

into client money bank account

• DVP exemption still permits intra-day funding
• Cheques to be issued from client bank account

Alternative structures

− Need to rely on the DVP exemption only if you are dealing with what would

• therwise be “client money”
• perate under mandate over fund account (CASS 8 not CASS 7)?
• deal as principal (using a manager’s box)?

− Comments in PS14/9 at paragraph 7.47 need assessing “It is for AFMs to assess on the basis of their business models and relevant client money rules when their activities are subject to the client money rules… …Where an AFM is carrying out principal or other transactions for its clients and the client is legally entitled to a unit(s) in a regulated collective investment scheme either before or when the AFM receives money from the client, the money may not be client money under the client money rules as the money is owed to the AFM on receipt. However, firms must assess their own business models against the client money rules.”

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Investor/Agent

Investor bank account/agent’s client money bank account

Fund

Fund Register

Manager

Operating/settlement account, transfer to client money bank account only if funded pre T-1

Instructions (before or on T) Cash (before or on T+4) Fund register updated at T (transaction reversed if cash not received by fund manager by end of T+4)

Analysis of purchases through a manager’s box

Key points:

• COLL 6.4.4(5) - “The register is conclusive evidence of the persons entitled to

the units entered in it.”

• CASS 7.11.27 - “Money held as client money becomes due and payable to the

firm or for the firm's own account, for example, because the firm acted as principal in the contract…The circumstances in which it is due and payable will depend on the contractual arrangement between the firm and the client”

• If fund manager is dealing as principal, then units in the box are owned by the

manager - if the investor gets the unit at T through a sale by the fund manager (i.e. register is updated and unit is fully paid for) then no client money is held by the fund manager

• But what if the manager has not paid the fund for the creation of new units -

money only due and payable to the fund on T+4

• Will require a review of client and fund documentation to confirm the position

but no Principle 10 concern for purchasing client if client always has cash or the

• unit. Fund as a whole exposed to authorised fund manager insolvency prior to

settlement if authorised fund manager has updated register and received cash.

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Investor/Agent

Investor bank account/agent’s client money bank account

Fund

Fund Register

Manager

Operating/settlement account, transfer to client money bank account only if funds still held post T+5

Instructions (before or on T) Cash or cheque (on T+4 assuming renunciation at T) Fund register updated at T (assuming renunciation at T)

Analysis of sales through a manager’s box

Key points:

• Investor comes off the register on renunciation (usually at T) –

amount only due and payable by the manager to investor at T+4

• Therefore, investor does not have the unit or the cash for a short

period of time (Principle 10 issue?)

• FCA has not done anything to reduce that risk (e.g. if fund manager

becomes insolvent on T+2)

• Sales funded by purchase monies from other clients and redemption

proceeds from fund. Ring fencing purchase monies between T and T+4 may not be feasible due to liquidity impact and operational difficulties

Next steps

− Assess what you do now

• map payment flows
• review fund and investor documentation
• carry out analysis on when and where you hold client money
• carry out a gap analysis against new CASS rules

− Design, implement and test (new) processes by 1 June 2015

• remember Principle 10 when thinking about the solution
• liaise with CASS auditors and/or FCA
• what are others doing?

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Any questions?