Flocks, Herds, and Schools: A Distributed Behavioral Model Craig W. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Flocks, Herds, and Schools: A Distributed Behavioral Model Craig W. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Flocks, Herds, and Schools: A Distributed Behavioral Model Craig W. Reynolds Presented by Duc Nguyen November 15, 2007 Flocks, Herds, and Schools 1 Simulated Flocks Boids Simulate motion of flocks of birds or animals using individual

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November 15, 2007 Flocks, Herds, and Schools 1

Flocks, Herds, and Schools: A Distributed Behavioral Model

Craig W. Reynolds Presented by Duc Nguyen

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November 15, 2007 Flocks, Herds, and Schools 2

Simulated Flocks Boids

  • Simulate motion of flocks of birds or

animals using individual behaviors

  • Elaborates on a particle system
  • More realistic than scripting the paths of

the individual birds

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November 15, 2007 Flocks, Herds, and Schools 3

Prior work

  • Eurythmy

– Flocking simulations used force-fields around each bird and around each object. – The animator sets the initial positions, headings, and velocities.

  • Other behavioral control work by Karl

Sims was based around groups of single objects, not flocks.

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November 15, 2007 Flocks, Herds, and Schools 4

Particle Systems

  • Particle Systems are

collections of large number of particles each with their own behaviors.

– As of the time of the paper, they were used to model fire, smoke, clouds and ocean waves.

  • Boid flock system is a

generalization of a particle system

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November 15, 2007 Flocks, Herds, and Schools 5

Geometric Model

  • Each boid uses an

accurate geometric model for flight

– Incremental translations along current path – Calculates each translation once per frame

  • Higher sampling rate

refines the shape of motion.

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November 15, 2007 Flocks, Herds, and Schools 6

Simulated Flocks

  • Create a boid model that supports geometric

flight

  • Add individual behaviors that oppose each
  • ther:

– Separation – Alignment – Cohesion – Obstacle Avoidance

  • The boids must be able to arbitrate conflicting

behaviors as well.

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November 15, 2007 Flocks, Herds, and Schools 7

Simulated Flocks: Separation

  • Avoid crowding local

boids

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November 15, 2007 Flocks, Herds, and Schools 8

Simulated Flocks: Alignment

  • Steer toward the

general heading of the rest of the flock

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November 15, 2007 Flocks, Herds, and Schools 9

Simulated Flocks: Cohesion

  • Move toward the

average position of local flockmates.

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November 15, 2007 Flocks, Herds, and Schools 10

Avoiding Obstacles

  • Independently

model the shape for rendering and collision avoidance.

  • Boids model uses a

steer-to-avoid as

  • pposed to force-

field concept.

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November 15, 2007 Flocks, Herds, and Schools 11

Putting it all together

  • Simulated Flocking

behavior that mimics real life flocks and herds.

– When combined with low priority goal seeking results in a scripted path of the flock.

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November 15, 2007 Flocks, Herds, and Schools 12

Conclusion

  • Boids is a model of non-colliding motion of

flocks based on simulating behavior of individual boids.

  • Boid model is an example of emergent

behavior

– Simple local rules lead to complex global behavior

  • References

– http://www.red3d.com/cwr/boids/ – Paper: http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~dt/siggraph97-course/cwr87/