Handling Built- -Up Litter Up Litter Handling Built Between - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Handling Built Handling Built-

• Up Litter

Up Litter Between Flocks Between Flocks

• R. Michael Hulet
• R. Michael Hulet

Penn State University Penn State University

Controlling Ammonia Controlling Ammonia

• Combination of manure, moisture, heat

Combination of manure, moisture, heat and bacteria and bacteria

• Cause blindness in young birds over 90

Cause blindness in young birds over 90 ppm ppm

• Cause decreases in feed efficiency, growth

Cause decreases in feed efficiency, growth

• ver 50 ppm
• ver 50 ppm
• Creates susceptibility to respiratory illness

Creates susceptibility to respiratory illness

Objective Objective

• Treat Litter between flocks to reduce

Treat Litter between flocks to reduce pathogen level ammonia production, and pathogen level ammonia production, and caked litter caked litter

• Economize litter and ventilation expenses

Economize litter and ventilation expenses

• Prepare house for next flock

Prepare house for next flock

Methods Methods

• In

In-

• House Sterilization of litter

House Sterilization of litter

• Mechanical Treatment of litter

Mechanical Treatment of litter

• Flame Sterilization of litter

Flame Sterilization of litter

In In-

• House Pasteurization

House Pasteurization

• f Broiler Litter
• f Broiler Litter

Water Quality Issues in Poultry Production and Processing

Theresia K. Lavergne, Ph.D., P.A.S. Poultry Specialist Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service

Objectives

Our main objectives are to reduce pathogen content in broiler litter and to reduce ammonia levels in poultry houses * Determine the optimum moisture content (of broiler litter) necessary for maximum pathogen reduction * Determine the effect of pasteurization on pathogen content in broiler litter * Determine the nutrient content of recycled broiler litter

Temperature and Time for Temperature and Time for Pathogen Destruction Pathogen Destruction

Microbe Temp(F) Time (Minutes) Salmonella typhosa 131 30 Salmonella sp. 131 60 Shigella sp. 131 60 Entamoeba histolytica cysts 113 2-3 Tanea 131 2-3 Trichinella spiralis larvae 131 2-3 Brucella abortis 145 3 Micrococcus pyogenes 122 10 Streptococcus pyogenes 131 10 Corynebacterium diptheria 131 45 Necator americanus 113 50 Escherichia coli 131 60

Procedures Poultry litter is arranged into two windrows running lengthwise of the house

Joe Hess, Auburn University

Joe Hess, Auburn University

Procedures If needed, water is added to the litter to obtain the desired moisture content

Procedures Windrows are monitored for 7 to 10 days Thermometer stations record temperatures at 6” and 12” depths

Temperature Monitoring Station Temperature Monitoring Station

Temperature and Moisture

Maximum Temperature vs. Moisture in Dewar Flasks

R

2 = 0.975

70 100 130 160 28 31 34 38 Moisture (% x 100) M a x im u m T e m p e ra t u re O b s e rv e d ( F )

Maximum average temperatures at 1 ft. and 6 inch depths at various moisture contents

100 110 120 130 140 150 160 20% 25% 30% 35% Moisture T e m p e ra tu re (F ) 1 ft. 6 inch

• Poly. (1 ft.)
• Poly. (6 inch)

Average windrow and house temperatures during 10 days of in-house pasteurization of poultry litter at 28% moisture. 70 85 100 115 130 145 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Day Te mp e ra tu re (F) Average Windrow Temperature (F) Average House Temperature

Average daily windrow temperature readings at 1ft. depth

60 80 100 120 140 160 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Day T e m p e ra tu re (F ) 21% 23% 26% 35%

Average daily windrow temperature readings at 6 inch depth

60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Day T e m p e ra tu re (F ) 21% 23% 26% 35%

Average daily w indrow temperatures during 10 days of in- house pasteurization of poultry litter at various moisture levels 70.0 85.0 100.0 115.0 130.0 145.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Day T e m p e r a tu r e ( F ) 35% Moisture, surface w atered 26% Moisture, No added w ater 35% Moisture, Blended in

Sampling Litter samples are taken “before” and “after” the pasteurization process

• Pathogens
• Nutrients

Sampling Preliminary laboratory results indicate that there is a reduction in broiler litter pathogen levels following in-house pasteurization

Chemical Litter Treatments Chemical Litter Treatments

• Acidifying agents to reduce ammonia

Acidifying agents to reduce ammonia production production

• Decrease moisture from litter

Decrease moisture from litter

• Apply

Apply “ “positive positive” ” bacteria to competitively bacteria to competitively provide good environment for birds provide good environment for birds

• Apply enzymes or other compounds to

Apply enzymes or other compounds to bind up ammonia compounds and prevent bind up ammonia compounds and prevent release release

Lewis Brothers Manufacturing, Lewis Brothers Manufacturing, Housekeeper Housekeeper

• Litter Treatment

Litter Treatment

– – De De-

• caking and conditioning machines

caking and conditioning machines – – Remove moisture Remove moisture-

• laden, ammonia producing

laden, ammonia producing manure manure – – Mixes and aerates litter material Mixes and aerates litter material – – Video Video

Red Dragon, Flame Engineering Red Dragon, Flame Engineering

• Litter Sterilizer

Litter Sterilizer

– – Designed to treat bare floors and litter

Designed to treat bare floors and litter after flock removal and de after flock removal and de-

• caking.

caking.

– – Six Liquid Propane torches that put

Six Liquid Propane torches that put intense heat under a sturdy enclosed intense heat under a sturdy enclosed steel hood. steel hood.

– – Produces heat over 2000F and maintains

Produces heat over 2000F and maintains approximately 1400 F which kills approximately 1400 F which kills pathogens, insects and insect larvae or pathogens, insects and insect larvae or eggs. eggs.

– – Video

Video

Summary for Litter Treatment Summary for Litter Treatment

• In

In-

• house sterilization

house sterilization

• Chemical treatment

Chemical treatment

• Mechanical treatment

Mechanical treatment

• Flame treatment

Flame treatment