February 2019 Section Meeting HMI Usability and Performance ISA - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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February 2019 Section Meeting HMI Usability and Performance ISA - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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February 2019 Section Meeting HMI Usability and Performance ISA TR101.02 Thank You to All of Our Sponsors! Upcoming Section Events March 12 Virtualization in Industrial Automation Sponsored by Champion Technology Services April 2

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February 2019 Section Meeting

HMI Usability and Performance ISA TR101.02

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Thank You to All of Our Sponsors!

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Upcoming Section Events

March 12 – Virtualization in Industrial Automation – Sponsored by Champion Technology Services April 2 – Compressor Surge Modeling and Control – Guest Speaker Greg McMillan May 7 – Section Tour – Michelli Calibration Lab – Lunch, Tour, Presentation, and Demonstrations May 31 – Exhibition and Symposium – Hilton Garden Inn Convention Center June 1 – District 7 Leadership Conference – Hilton Garden Inn Convention Center Control System Engineering PE Review Course - TBD

Check for updates and register to attend events at https://neworleansisa.org/events/

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ISA Technical Report 101.02 HMI Usability and Performance

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ISA 101 Committee

Committee formed in 2006 to establish standards, recommended practices, and/or technical reports for designing, implementing, using, and/or managing human machine interfaces in process automation applications ANSI/ISA-101.01-2015 Human Machine Interfaces for Process Automation Systems

  • Approved July 9, 2015

Over 300 Voting Members

  • Integrator, Engineering & Construction

35%

  • End User

27%

  • Vendor/Supplier

25%

  • General (Academic, Government, Consultant etc.)

13%

  • Worldwide participation in review process
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SLIDE 6

The Purpose of ISA 101

Address the design, implementation, and maintenance of human machine interfaces (HMIs) for process automation systems, to:

  • Provide guidance to design, build, and maintain HMIs which result in more effective

and efficient control of the process, in both normal and abnormal situations

  • Improve the user’s abilities to detect, diagnose, and properly respond to abnormal

situations

  • Look at the HMI holistically – not just the display

Standards are the “What” Technical Reports and Recommended Practices are the “How”

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SLIDE 7

Who Cares About HMI Standards

Users

  • Responsible for safe and productive operation of equipment and facility
  • Live with the HMI and support it for it’s lifetime

Integrators, Designers, Engineers

  • Design and build the HMI applications
  • Commission the HMI, and the associated process

Suppliers

  • Develop the software and hardware needed to build the HMI
  • Develop the interfaces/drivers needed for an HMI to transfer data and information

to and from multiple sources

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SLIDE 8

ISA 101 Working Groups

WG1 - HMI Philosophy & Style Guide Development

  • This technical report will describe example applications of the Philosophy and Style Guide to

various Process Automation Systems use cases, and will be platform independent (41 members)

  • Co-chairs; David Lee and Lothar Lang

WG2 – HMI Usability and Performance

  • This technical report(s) will be used to assess the effectiveness of the HMI application, and how

the use of the standard will assist in improving related metrics (29 members)

  • Co-chairs; David Board and Ruth Schiedermayer

WG3 – HMI for Mobile Devices

  • Develop technical report(s) to evaluate and define the use of mobile devices as HMI stations and

how to effectively implement an HMI for use on a mobile device (21 members)

  • Co-chairs; Mark Nixon and Peder Brandt

WG4 – HMI for On-Machine Applications

  • Develop technical report(s) to effectively implement a machine-level HMI utilizing an operator

interface terminal

  • Co-chairs; Arlen Jacobs and David Board
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SLIDE 9

ISA TR101.02 Content

1 – Scope 2 – References 3 – Definition of terms and acronyms 4 – HMI usability and performance 5 – Usability 6 – Performance 7 – HMI Effectiveness Annex A (Informative) – HMI effectiveness measurements Annex B (Informative) – A case study of effective HMI design for increasing usability

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SLIDE 10

HMI Lifecycle

DESIGN SYSTEM STANDARDS OPERATE IMPLEMENT CONTINUOUS WORK PROCESSES Continuous Improvement REVIEW

Philosophy Style Guide Toolkits In Service Maintain Decommission

Continuous Improvement

Build Displays Build Console Test Train Commission Verification Console Design HMI System Design User, Task, Functional Requirements Display Design

New Display Display Changes New System Major Changes

ENTRY ENTRY MOC Audit Validation

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SLIDE 11

Example testing of HMI modifications

Method 1: Newly created/modified displays available only on the engineering console. Operators are directed to familiarize themselves with the modified displays on the engineering console. After familiarization and any corrections made based on feedback, the modified displays replace the versions on the operator’s console. Method 2: Newly created/modified and renamed version of displays available only on the operator's console. Limit access to these by requiring that they be called up via direct name entry rather than incorporation into the HMI navigation, or make them selectable in a secured access "TEST" section of the HMI

  • navigation. Direct the operators to use these graphics for testing and familiarization. When completed,

delete the original displays and rename the modified ones to those original names, thus ensuring their proper access in the existing HMI navigation and links to other displays. Method 3: Prior to deployment, newly created/modified displays only available on a training system. In some cases, testing, familiarization, and operator training is carried out on a system completely separate and isolated from the actual process to avoid any chance of the testing affecting the process. For thorough testing, simulation of the process is possible.

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Usability – HMI Design - Color

8% of men and 0.5% of women are red-green color impaired

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High Contrast Color and Redundant Coding

Use of color should be standardized for certain functions (ie Red for Alarms and Yellow for Warnings)

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SLIDE 14

Effective Displays

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SLIDE 15

Effective Displays

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SLIDE 16

Effective Displays

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SLIDE 17

Effective Displays

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SLIDE 18

Radar Chart Examples

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SLIDE 19

Startup and Inhibitors Table / Checklist

The main points that make this figure a good table for imparting information are as follows:

a)

conditions requiring action are differentiated and highlighted;

b)

conditions that are resolved are grayed out making it easier to sense progress;

c)

good alignment of condition status texts improves readability;

d)

consistent vertical padding in rows increases readability; and

e)

descriptions are left justified and use mixed-case text to improve readability.

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Startup and Inhibitors Table / Checklist

The main points that make this figure a good table for indicating equipment states are as follows:

a)

increased reading dynamic by grouping A2 items and B2 items on separate rows;

b)

limited grid formatting with a low contrast line separator;

c)

generous margins, padding and spacing which increases readability; and

d)

abnormal equipment status notification is provided by redundant means. In the example in Figure 16 the color

  • f the square encompassing the equipment, the number

and the symbol clearly indicate where an abnormal condition is and its severity.

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Clear Messaging Methods

When showing information to the operator in text form, the text should be legible from the expected operator position(s). Invisible states that appear to the operator only on specific contexts should be avoided. The operator should be able to fully confirm the current state anytime, meaning that an invisible object cannot represent a state (since it cannot be differentiated from no object at all). Example: BLOWN FUSE visible and highlighted to indicate a blown fuse and not visible to indicate normal state is incorrect. Text should read BLOWN FUSE to indicate a blown fuse and FUSE OK to indicate normal state.

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Trend Examples

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Trend Examples

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Trend Recommendations

Trends make use

  • f

color to distinguish between several values being trended. The complexity of the trend display can be managed by the following recommendations: a) no greater than 12 traces per trend; b) ability to distinguish traces by way of symbols and/or ability to "hide" and "show" specific traces without deleting the trace; and c) ensure color choices for traces do not compete with the other potential 11 traces on the trend, nor the background color of the trend.

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Level 1 Display – Overview of the operator’s entire span of control

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Level 1 Display – Overview of the operator’s entire span of control

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Level 1 Display – Overview of the operator’s entire span of control

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Level 2 Display – Primary operating display during normal operations

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Level 3 Display – Process diagnostics and task execution support

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Level 4 Display – Diagnostic, informational displays, and faceplates

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SLIDE 31

Level 4 Display – Diagnostic, informational displays, and faceplates

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Recommended HMI Performance Times

Recommended Times (all units in seconds unless otherwise stated) HMI Category Metric Display Type Machine Control Small System Process System SCADA System RTU System Call Up Time Level 1, 4 1 3 5 5 5 Level 2, 3 1 2 2 2 5 Faceplate 1 1 1 1 3 Yoking n/a 4 4 4 10 Real-time trend 5 5 5 5 5 Historical trend 5-15 5-15 5-15 5-15 5-15 Display Refresh Rate Level 1, 4 <1 2 5 5 5 Level 2, 3 <1 2 5 5 5 Faceplate <1 2 3 3 5 Yoking n/a 2 5 5 5 Real-time trend <1 1 1 1 1 Historical trend 5-15 5-15 5-15 5-15 5-15 Write Time Applies to all display types 1 1 1 1 Based on communication schedule and bandwidth Write Refresh Time Applies to all display types 3 5 5 5 Based on network topology <5 minutes for very large systems Access to alarm displays Alarm summary 1 1 1 1 1 Alarm lists such as suppressed alarms 2 5 5 5 5 Navigation Critical displays 1-2 clicks 1-2 clicks 1-2 clicks 1-2 clicks 1-2 clicks Non-critical displays 3 clicks 3 clicks 3 clicks 3 clicks 3 clicks Alarm summary 1 click 1 click 1 click 1 click 1 click System diagnostics 1-2 clicks 1-2 clicks 1-2 clicks 1-2 clicks 1-2 clicks System state changes Switching operators 5 5 5 5 5 Runtime language change 2 2 2 2 2

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SLIDE 33

Assessing HMI Effectiveness

Methods that could be used to assess or measure the HMI effectiveness include: a) operator performance; b) key performance metrics; c) situation awareness measurement; d) operator response time; e) operator stress level; f) how frequently the assessment of effectiveness should be carried out; and g) questionnaires and social surveys.

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SLIDE 34

Annex B – A case study of effective HMI design for increasing usability

1990 Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Simulator

  • No graphic hierarchy
  • No overview
  • Many controller elements are not

shown on any of the existing graphics

  • Numbers and digital states are

presented inconsistently

  • Poor graphic space utilization
  • Inconsistent selectability of numbers

and elements

  • Poor color choices, overuse, and

inconsistencies

  • Bright red and yellow used for

normal conditions

  • Poor interlock depiction
  • No trends are implemented, “trend-
  • n-demand” rarely used by the
  • perators
  • Alarm conditions generally not

indicated on graphics – even if the value is a precursor to an automated action

  • Existing Overview
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SLIDE 35

Annex B – Level 1 System Overview

A D-ON PULV Status A2 CWP B2 CWP E-ON C-ON F-OFF H-ON A-OFF G-ON Alarms E B F C G D H PUMPS AND FANS Pump Status ON ON A2 HWP B2 HWP ON OFF C2 HWP SUBFP ON ON A2BFPT B2BFPT ON ON A2 ECW B2 ECW ON ON Fan Status A2 FD ON ON B2 FD B2 ID ON ON A2 PA B2 PA ON ON A2 ID

7.1 A/F Ratio 9.4 BBD pH 9.4 Econ pH Boiler 775 Econ Gas Out °F 300

  • 0.5

Aux Stm psig 25 25 7.0 Auto 351 25 6.0 21 0.45 0.9 200 90

  • F. in.H2O

A2ID Stall A2FD Stall Fans B2ID Stall B2FD Stall Econ % O2 Sec Air

  • in. H2O

% Opac NOX #/MMBTU SO2 #/MMBTU CEMS CO ppm Inst Air psig 702.1 640.1

  • 5.2

MVAR Turbine-Generator Gross MW 60.00 0.2 0.2 LPT-A in.hg 49.1 3.1 3.1 20.1

  • 0.5

9.0 H2 psig H2 °F Turb Oil °F Stator GPM Condenser-Feed Wtr A2 BPFT B2BPFT Drum Lvl

  • In. H2O

HW Lvl in.H2O DA Lvl in.H2O DA Wide FT H2O Cond Hdr psig 104 115 Auto Auto Net MW HZ LPT-B in.hg 400 Auto 0.0 Auto 25

B-ON

05-31-14 13:22:07

Unit 2 Overview

1 Total Alarms 5 8

  • 45
  • 15

1 HR 5000 5000 15 Steam KLBH 4100 Fd Wtr KLBH 4580 Drum Lvl in.

  • 0.5
  • 30
  • 15
  • 45
  • 5

1 HR 7500 1250 5 Air KLBH 5820 Coal KLBH 980 Furn Pres

  • 0.5
  • 30
  • 15

600

  • 45

600 1 HR 1200 1200 3000 Steam °F 990 Reheat °F 1005 Steam psig 2400

  • 30
  • 15

3 2 2 2

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Annex B – Level 2 Pulverizer Control Graphic Three to One

05-31-2012 11:13:55

PULVERIZER A – Level 2

5.9 AUTO 10.0 82% GAS PSI

40 140 “A” Coal Flow KLB/HR 2 Hrs “A” C/A Temperature

135 AUTO 130 71.2%

200 2 Hrs “A” Primary Air Flow KLB/HR 120 220 2 Hrs “A” Sec. Air Flow (Total) 400 900 2 Hrs

Any Seal Air blower stopped No coal on feeder belt Any Pulv group trip not reset Lube oil press low Flame det clg air press lo Flame detected Min boiler A.F. required LTR atom air press low Pulv seal air diff press low Feeder inlet gate not open LTR oil press low or HDR VLV not open All PA fans stopped or PAH stopped Sequence Blocked By: Diff-P 72.1 AUTO 70.0 70.1% H.Dmp % Amps 50.0 CAS 49.0% 48.0% Damper % 31.0 AUTO 30.0 27.8% C.Dmp % Start Pulv Start Feeder Pulv Tmp to Auto Rel Sec Air Stop Ltrs Rel Pul Dmd Ready Ready Open Swg Vlvs IG HDR VENT 10.7 45 50% CAS 50% 56% N Damp

  • S. Damp

Ready Ready Ready Ready Done Status Begin Sequence Sec Air to L.O. Start Ltrs. Pulv Grp Dmd Start PA Flow OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN SWG Valves NORM MNT-B NORM NORM NORM NORM Maint Mode OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON

A7 A6 A5 A3 A2 A1 Flame Main Flame Igniter Flame

Fuel Type: Gas-1

90 30 30 30 30 30 30

Done Status Air-N Air-S

X X X

50% CAS 50% 42% 312 312

88 90 91 91 94

ON ON ON ON ON 113.0 AUTO 115.0 75.0% KLBH 205.0 AUTO 200.0 65.0% 615.2 AUTO 600.0 60.0% Flow

X

Ready HOLD PTR Status

OK

Flame Status

OK

Trip Status

OK

CLOSED IG GAS TRIP CLOSED IG OIL TRIP CLOSED BURNER VENT CLOSED KLBH °F

Main Menu Runback 1/2 L3 Feeder B PulvOverview L3 Flame L3 Gas C D E F G H

PULV “A” Group Trip PULV “A” Trip Valves PULV “A” Start Sequence Status: STARTING STOP

Reserved Faceplate Zone

When any item

  • n the screen

is selected, the faceplate for that item appears in this reserved area. All control manipulation is accomplished through the standardized faceplates. RESET RESET RESET

Open Swg Valves

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Annex B – Abnormal Situation Graphic

  • The operator response for many

abnormal plant situations is to cut rates by half, from 700MW to 350MW. Called a “runback,” this is a complicated and stressful procedure that takes about 20 minutes to

  • accomplish. If done incorrectly or if

important parameters are missed, the plant can fall to zero output.

  • One of the main purposes of the

simulator was to periodically re-train the operators for this situation. The

  • perators have to use more than a

dozen of the existing graphics to accomplish the task, involving a lot of navigation activity around screen callups and dismissals, along with control manipulation.

  • The case study created special graphics

specifically designed to assist in this

  • task. Specific abnormal situation

detection and response graphics are an important element of a High Performance HMI.

11-13-2012 14:22:09 Gross MW 562 700 600 350 300 750

  • 0.5

3000 5 20 Min

Main Steam psig 2400 Furn Pres in.H2O

  • 0.5

20 Min 8 20 Min

In.hg LPT-A 3.2 LPT-B 3.0 In.hg

UNIT 2: RUNBACK Graphic 1

Sec Air in.H2O Econ O2 % Aux Stm psig Gross MW

562

TRICON DEMAND: ACS DEMAND:

100.0% 100.0%

Input new ACS DEMAND or use buttons:

90.0%

TRICON LOAD RATE:

VERY FAST

TURBINE MASTER

MAN

TURBINE FOLLOW BOILER FOLLOW COORD CONTROL CONSTANT PRESSURE VARIABLE PRESSURE

7500 10 20 20 min

Econ O2% 5.0 Sec Air in.H2O 7.0 Air KLBH 7400

400

Reserved Faceplate Zone

When any item

  • n the screen is

selected, the faceplate for that item appears in this reserved area. All control manipulation is accomplished through the standardized faceplates.

Main Menu Runback 2 B Pulv Overview C D E F G H A

7.1 0.2 0.2

LPT-A in.hg LPT-B in.hg

300

Turb-X1 Mills

300

Turb-X2 Mills

10

Drum Top>Bot °F

3.1 3.1

A2 BPFT B2 BPFT

  • 0.5

Furn

  • in. H2O

300 1000

Reheat degF

1000 2400

Main Steam degF psig

5.0 7.0

A/F Ratio

Auto 7.0 50% Auto 5.0 50%

Boiler Master

65.1 2402

Fuel Master

Auto 2200 50% Auto 65.0 48% Decrease Load Increase Load

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SLIDE 38

What’s wrong with this display?

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SLIDE 39