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Evolution model for the Absheron mud volcano (GIMS 14 - Presentation)

Presentation · October 2018

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Evolution model for the Absheron mud volcano: from in-situ

• bservations to numerical modeling

Arthur Blouin1,2,3, Patrice Imbert2, Jean-Paul Callot3, Matthieu Dupuis4

1 Ifremer, Lab. Aléas géologiques et Dynamiques sédimentaires, géosciences marines, REM, Centre de Bretagne, Pointe du diable,

29280 Plouzané

2 R&D/EP Total S.A., Avenue Larribau, 64000 Pau 3 E2S-UPPA, Lab. des Fluides Complexes et de leurs Réservoirs, IPRA, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, Avenue de l’Université, 64013 Pau

cedex

4 Lab. d’Océanologie et de Géosciences – Univ. Lille 1 – UFR Sciences de la Terre – 596355 Villeneuve d’Asq

2 km

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

In Introduction

11/09/2018 2

• The South Caspian Basin

Modified from Oppo et al., 2014

• SCB: remnant of the Thetys sea
• Maykop Fm: regional source

rock with high TOC, gas mature, and detachment level for folding

• Productive Series: 6 Km of

Pliocene sediments deposited in 3 Myrs

• Anticline crests: traps for HC

and location of MVs

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

Evolu lution model for the Absheron mud volc lcano

• Scientific questions
• What is the stratigraphic source of the mud?

11/09/2018 3

Based on Deville, 2009

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

Evolu lution model for the Absheron mud volc lcano

• Scientific questions
• What is the stratigraphic source of the mud?
• Can we reproduce field pore pressure

measurements with a numerical model?

11/09/2018 4

Based on Deville, 2009

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

Evolu lution model for the Absheron mud volc lcano

• Scientific questions
• What is the stratigraphic source of the mud?
• Can we reproduce field pore pressure

measurements with a numerical model?

• What mechanisms control the stratigraphic and

lateral positions of the source?

11/09/2018 5

Based on Deville, 2009

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

Evolu lution model for the Absheron mud volc lcano

• Scientific questions
• What is the stratigraphic source of the mud?
• Can we reproduce field pore pressure

measurements with a numerical model?

• What mechanisms control the stratigraphic and

lateral positions of the source?

• Based on observations and modeling results, can

we propose a qualitative formation model for the Absheron mud volcano?

11/09/2018 6

Based on Deville, 2009

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

Evolu lution model for the Absheron mud volc lcano

• Dataset and methodology

11/09/2018 7

• 3D seismic survey
• Geotechnical survey with sediment

cores in the mud  Mineralogy  Biostratigraphy  Geomechanics (compressibility, permeability)

• 2 exploration wells

 Pressure regime  Temperature  Hydraulic conductivity

• Numerical modeling of overpressure

distribution and methane migration

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

Evolu lution model for the Absheron mud volc lcano

• Results – Seismic Interpretation

11/09/2018 8

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

Evolu lution model for the Absheron mud volc lcano

• Results – Seismic Interpretation

11/09/2018 9

 Absheron anticline cored by a deep thrust  Several folding phases based on thickness variations between flanks and crest  Maximum folding activity during Absheron deposition  Normal faults network on the fold extrados

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

Evolu lution model for the Absheron mud volc lcano

11/09/2018 10

• Results – Seismic Interpretation

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

Evolu lution model for the Absheron mud volc lcano

11/09/2018 11

 Blind seismic facies spreading horizontally into four distinct arm  MV deposits  Mud volcano located at the exact vertical from the main thrust  First mudflows during post-Absheron interval, after the main folding stage

• Results – Seismic Interpretation

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

Evolu lution model for the Absheron mud volc lcano

11/09/2018 12

• Results – Seismic Interpretation

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

Evolu lution model for the Absheron mud volc lcano

11/09/2018 13

 Bowl-like geometry for all the horizons between Top Absheron and Top Productive Series  Anhydritic Surakhany is discontinuous and downlap on the younger interval  Continuous horizons below 3.5 sec TWTT  Normal faults flanking the bowl- shaped area

• Results – Seismic Interpretation

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

Evolu lution model for the Absheron mud volc lcano

11/09/2018 14

• Results – Mud properties
• All natural mud samples have the same compressibility and hydraulic conductivity
• Coarse material input decrease the compressibility and increase the hydraulic conductivity
• Mud mineralogy composed essentially of clays (illite and I/S) and quartz
• Biostratigraphy: Productive Series origin

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

Evolu lution model for the Absheron mud volc lcano

11/09/2018 15

• Results – In-situ physical data

 Anhydritic Surakhany: 380 m of interstratified claystones and evaporites.  Shale overpressure peaks near fracturing pressure (notably in Anhydritic Surakhany)  Shallow reservoirs in equilibrium with shales. Deep reservoirs are 20 Mpa below shale pressure  Unstable interval during drilling with a mineralogy close to the

• ne of the mud

CONFIDENTIAL

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

Evolu lution model for the Absheron mud volc lcano

11/09/2018 16

• Results – Numerical modeling

 Modeling of the physical conditions before extrusion  Results of 1D sedimentation-related

• verpressure calculation injected at the

South of the structural model (Structural model from Green et al., 2009)

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

Evolu lution model for the Absheron mud volc lcano

11/09/2018 17

• Results – Numerical modeling

 Modeling of the physical conditions before extrusion  Results of 1D sedimentation-related

• verpressure calculation injected at the

South of the structural model (Structural model from Green et al., 2009)  Overpressure propagates at different rates depending on hydraulic conductivities  Faults designed to model advection. Fast methane circulation in faults, slow diffusion through the sediments  Near fracturing conditions in the area of methane saturation

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

Evolu lution model for the Absheron mud volc lcano

• Discussions

11/09/2018 18

• The Anhydritic Surakhany is the more plausible source for the mud.
• 2D diffusion model is able to reproduce the measured overpressure trend but not the exact pressure

magnitudes

• High values of Du /s’v fit with high dissolved methane concentrations (similar to Lusi eruption model)
• Hydrofracturing in this area would lead to P decrease and gas exsolution/expansion  critical factor for

sediment damage (Sultan et al., 2012)

• Initiation and location of the mud volcano is controlled by the superposition of overpressure and gas

saturated zones

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

Evolu lution model for the Absheron mud volc lcano

• Discussion – Conceptual model for the mud volcano formation

11/09/2018 19

2 km

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

Evolu lution model for the Absheron mud volc lcano

• Discussion – Conceptual model for the mud volcano formation

11/09/2018 20

2 km

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

Evolu lution model for the Absheron mud volc lcano

• Discussion – Conceptual model for the mud volcano formation

11/09/2018 21

2 km

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

Evolu lution model for the Absheron mud volc lcano

• Discussion – Conceptual model for the mud volcano formation

11/09/2018 22

2 km

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

Evolu lution model for the Absheron mud volc lcano

• Discussion – Conceptual model for the mud volcano formation

11/09/2018 23

2 km

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa

Evolu lution model for the Absheron mud volc lcano

• Conclusions, limits and perspectives

11/09/2018 24

 Stratigraphic mud source: Anhydritic Surakhany  Overpressured and methane-saturated areas may explain the mud volcano location (e.g. 2-D model and LUSI)  Trigger: hydrofracturing. Necessary preliminary condition: clay-rich sediment saturated with methane  Roles of methane: exsolution creates the mud from clay-rich layers; lowers sediment density; expansion keeps mud pressure high  Conceptual formation model closely fits the observations and the analysis of the available dataset and is partly based

• n the numerical modeling results

BUT…  Dataset could be improved  Numerical model is not complete and can be improved

What are the gas saturation, pressure and pre-consolidation of the sediments allowing mud generation?  Laboratory tests…

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa 11/09/2018 25

Thank you for your attention!

GIMS 2018 - Haïfa 11/09/2018 26

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