EV Charging Infrastructure Costs and funding opportunities SBN, 2 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

EV Charging Infrastructure

Costs and funding opportunities

SBN, 2 March 2017

2

Introduction

Background

§ Engenie is building a nationwide rapid charging service at key locations providing speed, innovation, reliability, convenience and compatibility for drivers of all types of electric vehicle while helping to contribute towards improved local air quality. § Engenie has developed a strategy to provide a commercially robust solution that is designed to meet the needs of drivers and landlords. § We provide fully managed, EV charging solutions for use by consumers

• r

commercial drivers, allowing them to fully charge their vehicles when and where it is convenient. § The technology and communications behind the network is managed through

• ur

back

• ffice

and multi-platform software that provides live charge point status, driver route planning and ‘PAYG’ point of sale through a mobile app or RFID card at the charge points.

Engenie anticipates 650 units in the UK by 2021

Engenie Site Options

3

Bloomberg Report: Oil Displacement risk from the EV market

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Overview

§ Recent years have shown a surge in the demand for EVs in the UK. There are currently c.37.5m licensed road vehicles in the UK – of these, registrations of electric cars increased from 3,500 (2013) to c.75,000 (2016) § As a result of sustained government and private investment, the UK network of EV charging points has increased from a few hundred in 2011 to more than 9,500 in December 2015. The proportion of charger types has also changed with an increase in high power (rapid) units installed § It is estimated that there could be 4 to 7m charging points installed in the UK by 2030, with total rapid charging points estimated at 10,000 to 20,000 compared to nearly 1000 UK rapid charge points currently installed

UK: Fast Growing EV Market

Incentives Encouraging the use of EV’s

Grants § The total commitment in Government grants (2016-2020) of £600m § Plug In Car Grant - Government's scheme to encourage purchase of “green” cars: ‒ £4,500 for eligible category 1 vehicles (0 emission range of>70 miles) ‒ £2,500 for eligible category 2 & 3 vehicles (0 emission range of 10 to 70 miles) § EV charge points at home being funded by government Taxes § Zero road tax or congestion charge for electric cars § 5% VAT if charged at home versus 20% for gasoline / diesel § 100% first year tax allowance for businesses purchasing EVs Government policy § Government commitment (signed at COP21) for all new passenger vehicles sold in the UK to be zero emission by 2050 § National Planning requirements for 10% of new retail, workplace and residential development car parks to provide EV charge points § London to have 9,000 electric taxis by 2020 with TfL to ensure 50% of car club fleets will be electric within the next 10 years (£65m is being provided by TfL to help with this initiative) § Ultra Low Emission zones such as the London ULEZ* 2014 2015 Netherlands Norway UK France Germany 183% 71% 103% 68% 82%

28 14 14 11 11

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 ‘000s PEV Growth in Volume and % § All vehicles driving in central London to meet new exhaust emission standards (effect from Sep 2020) § TfL’s bus fleet will be upgraded so that all double deck buses will be hybrid and all single deck will be electric by 2020 Slow Fast Rapid DC Rapid AC May 14 12,000 9,000 6,000 3,000 Jul 14 Sep 14 Nov 14 Jan 15 Mar 15 May 15 Jul 15 Sep 15 Nov 15 Jan 16 Mar 16

UK in the top 3 EU countries in terms of sales

Growth in UK Charging Points (2014-2016)

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The Electric Vehicle Market Place

Global EV sales reached over a million in September 2015 - driven by: § Environment

• Significantly lower CO2 emissions than petrol fuelled vehicles
• No diesel fumes with toxic NOX gases and fine particulates
• No noise pollution

§ Lower costs

• Higher upfront costs offset by lower ‘fuel’ costs per mile than petrol or
• diesel. Battery costs are declining, ensuring that upfront costs will continue

to fall

• Lower maintenance costs – electric vehicles do not need a gearbox, air

filter, oil filter, clutch, spark plugs, fuel injectors, water pump, radiator, timing belt and starter motor

• In many countries, no road taxes applicable and parking is free

§ Energy security

• When combined with local energy production such as renewables or

nuclear, the energy supply chain will become much less reliant on oil and associated geopolitics § Government support

• The Government has invested £1billion to date into the UK EV market. This

includes EV purchase incentives, tax reliefs, infrastructure subsidies and planning policies (s (see Appe Appendi dix A) A)

Electric Vehicle Manufacturers

§ On the back of its all electric super fast Roadster, luxury sedan Model S and SUV Model X, Tesla launched compact sedan Model 3 - 400,000 reservation orders have already been made § Most traditional car manufacturers are following suit: Nissan (Leaf), Renault (Fluence) GM (Volt), Ford (Focus), Peugeot Citroen (Partner Electric) with others producing electric plug-in hybrid vehicles1: BMW (i3), Audi (E-tron), Volkswagen (E-Golf), Porsche (E-Hybrid) and Mitsubishi (Outlander). Both Apple and Google are also developing electric vehicles (Se See Appe Appendi dices B & C) C)

Significant Growth in Electric Vehicles

Global EV Sales (2013-2015) Costs comparison per 100 Miles in £ Battery Costs

Type Urban Combined Highway

Ford Focus (Diesel) – 17,915 13.83 11.74 10.41 Audi A1 (Petrol) – £15,720 12.21 11.29 10.21 Nissan Leaf (Electric), £25,230* 3.242 3.892 4.862 *after £4.5k grant. Price could be lowered to c. £15k if battery is leased for c. £70 per month

2 assuming 85% overnight home charging at 7p/kWh and 15% out of home charging at 36p/kWh

Cost for Lithium-ion Battery Packs

1200 1000 800 600 400 200

$ per Kilowatt Hour

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Actual Estimated Range

Battery costs are a third of the cost of building an EV - as costs continue to fall, demand for EVs will rise. Tesla is building the worlds largest ($5bn) lithium-ion battery plant (completion due in 2017) – estimated to drive down costs by c.50-70%

Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance Source: cleantechnica.com

1electric vehicles with ‘range extenders’ in the form of petrol / gas engine as opposed to

hybrid vehicles , which batteries are charged by the combustion engine

20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2014 2015 2016

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EVs to become mass market – Headlines since May 2016

Jaguar reveals I-Pace EV... BMW confirms plans for all-electric X3... Mercedes to arrive in 2019... Toyota to launch pure EV by 2020... New Renault Zoe Z.E. 40 on sale in UK... Plug-in plans for Seat... VW reveals I.D. electric concept... Thee Audi EV’s due by 2020... New plug-in BMW 3-Series planned for 2018... VW Group plans 30 new EVs by 2025... Plans progress for plug-in black cab... Tesla Model 3 reservations reach 400,000... Uber launches London EV trial... EV tipping point due in 2027...

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Increase in charging related to EV sales

500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 kWh delivered

Total kWh delivered across all CPs, by time of visit

kWh delivered

0.0% 0.2% 0.4% 0.6% 0.8% 1.0% 1.2% 1.4% 1.6% 1.8% 2.0% 1,000 1,000 2,000 2,000 3,000 3,000 4,000 4,000 5,000 5,000 6,000 6,000 7,000 7,000 8,000 8,000 Jan-11 May-11 Sep-11 Jan-12 May-12 Sep-12 Jan-13 May-13 Sep-13 Jan-14 May-14 Sep-14 Jan-15 May-15 Sep-15 Jan-16 May-16 Sep-16

Electric car sales in the UK 2013 Electric car sales in the UK 2013-2016 2016

Plug Plug-in EV Sales in EV Sales % of new cars % of new cars

2183

CONNECTORS

696

LOCATIONS

984

DEVICES

Rapid Chargers – 11 April 2016

67,000

Plug-in Cars

UK UK Jan 2017 (A (Approx.)

4,000

Plug-in Vans

UK UK Jan 2017 (A (Approx.)

47

Plug-in Models

UK UK Jan 2017 (P (Plus variants)

12,180

UK Charge Pts

Ma Mar 2017 2017 (Z (Zap-Ma Map)

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Commercial Fleet Operators

§ Uber with its ‘fleet’ of Toyota Prius has shown that electric driving is the drive of choice for many drivers § Tax incentives (company cars) and zero congestion charge (van drivers) § Taxis have access to the £20m OLEV Ultra Low Emission Taxis scheme and from Jan 2018 all new taxis / private hire vehicles in London require ‘zero- emissions’ capability for at least 30 miles § “Green” delivery vans such as the Peugeot Partner Electric could mean companies like UPS & Amazon will benefit from using EV charging networks

Public Fleet Operators

§ Transport for London’s bus fleet will be upgraded so that all double-deck buses operating in central London will be hybrid and all single-deck will be electric by 2020 § Fire Brigades: London has purchased 30 BMW i3 vehicles and Cheshire, 12 Nissan Leaf vehicles. The police force and Network Rail have ben mandated to follow suit

Direct to Consumers

§ Rapid charging will appeal to those who have specific requirements for frequent & high usage of their EVs, and who have limited availability/time constraints for the normal downtime associated with standard recharging options. Studies and real world data show that on-demand public access charging accounts for 15% of all recharging. This significantly increases in densely populated urban conurbations such as London, where 75% of all dwellings are apartments

Demand for Rapid Charging Infrastructure Overview

Engenie believes that there will be a very high demand for rapid charge points as: § Many commercial and public fleet operators will convert to EVs, driven by cost considerations and environmental regulations. A reliable and extensive network of rapid charge points will be key to their functionality § Many EV drivers use convenient charging stations installed in their homes (e.g. a dedicated wall box)

UK: Demand for Rapid Charging

§ However, from an early stage there have been concerns regarding the “range

• n

a single charge” due to inadequate battery capacity. This “range-anxiety” has been a major barrier to large scale adoption of EVs. More than 50% of users now believe rapid charging capabilities are important when purchasing EVs 0% 10% 20% 30% Not Important Quite Unimportant Somewhat Important Very Important A Requirement

Importance of “DC rapid charging” capability when purchasing an EV

Zap-Map: Existing rapid charge points in and around London

London

Plenty of

• pportunity

for growth

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Standardisation of Charging Technology

§ Although there are still a number of different ways to charge the battery, 3 main technology standards have evolved:

Charging Infrastructure

Charging Technologies

SLOW AC CHARGERS (UP TO 3KW) § Most common method of domestic charging § 3-pin (BS 1363) or Commando (IEC 60309) supply-side § Full Charge Time: 6-8 hours FAST AC CHARGERS (7-22KW) § Increasingly used to replace public Slow charging points § Type 2 (Mennekes, IEC 62196) or Commando (IEC 60309) supply-side socket § Full Charge Time: 3-4 hours RAPID AC CHARGERS (UP TO 43KW) § AC is converted to DC by equipment built in the car § Tethered cable with a non-removable Type 2 (Mennekes) vehicle connector § 80% Charge Time: 30-60 mins RAPID DC CHARGERS (UP TO 50KW) AND TESLA 120 kW § Converts AC to DC inside the chargepoint § All units provide a tethered cable with a non-removable JEVS (CHAdeMO) or CCS (Combo) vehicle connector § 80% Charge Time: 30-60 mins § CCS 150 kW in development, planned 2018/19

CHAdeMO (DC) AC CCS (DC) § BMW § GM § VW § Fiat & Daimler § Nissan § Mitsubishi § Toyota § Renault Zoe

General specifications Environment Indoor / outdoor Operating temperature:

• 35 ºC to +50 ºC
• Max. rated input current &

power: 400V, 125A, 86 kVA Protection: IP54 Dimensions (D x W x H): 760 mm x 525 mm x 1900 mm Mass: 400 kg

ABB Terra 53CJG Tri-Standard Rapid Charger Features:

• AC (43kW), DC CHAdeMO (50kW) and DC CCS (50kW)
• Simultaneous EV charging
• Future proof connection via open industry standards
• Remote uptime monitoring & assistance, updates
• 8” daylight readable touch screen display
• Clear graphic visualisation of charging progress
• Aesthetic all weather stainless steel enclosure
• Quick and easy installation
• Low operational noise
• Optional integrated credit card payment terminal

Rapid Chargers

§ ABB charge points are able to simultaneously charge up to 2 EVs of any make or model at maximum power, and will be typically located at highly visible, well lit and secure, 24-hour accessible sites § A typical site installation takes between 7 to 10 days to complete and includes one

• r two chargers, new power supply, stainless steel bollards, post- mounted signage,

underground ducting, cabling, concrete foundations and bay markings § The operational uptime across the ABB global install base of over 5,000 rapid chargers is in excess of 99.5%. Of the 0.5% of issues, around 80% are resolved remotely so the driver can charge and go on their way.

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On-board Charger

Every vehicle needs to have it’s own

• nboard equipment

Infrastructure investment is shared with hundreds of users

AC Charging DC Charging

DC charging versus AC charging

DC Rapid Charging Station

BMS Li-ion battery

On-board equipment Off-board equipment

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ABB global charging partner for Car and Bus OEM’s

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? km 200 km 300 km 100 km 450 km

Which car, when?

DC fast CCS charging (50 kW) DC fast CHAdeMO charging (50 kW) DC fast CCS charging high-power (≥150 kW)

Audi Q6 e-tron 500 km Nissan Leaf 2.0 Tesla Model Y Honda Fit Infinity LE Tesla Model S (adapter) ? km JLR E-Pace 400 km VW Budd-e 320 km Tesla Model 3 ? km VW Phaeton II 500 km Porsche Mission E

On the Road Today 2016 2017 2018 2019 & beyond Type

? km 130 km 150 km 145 km 130 km 450 km Audi R8 e-tron 313 km BMW i5 ? km Audi A2 ? km iCar? VW e-Polo? ? km Daimler ‘saloon’ 190 km BMW i3 2.0 320 km AstonMartin RapidE BMW i3 110 km VW e-UP! 300 km ? km Hyundai Ioniq ccs/chademo? 160 km VW e-Golf 1.1 Chevrolet Bolt 130 km VW e-Golf 110 km 450 km 320 km Tesla Model 3 adapter/ccs? Tesla Model X (adapter) Nissan e-NV200 130 km Nissan Leaf 1.1 110 km Peugeot Partner 110 km 120 km Citroën C-Zero Nissan Leaf 1.0 110 km Mitsubishi i-MiEV 110 km Peugeot iOn 110 km Citroën Berlingo 40 km Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV 150 km Kia Soul-EV 180 km Nissan Leaf 30 kWh

AC fast charging (43 kW)

Renault Zoe ZE 450 km Tesla Model S 110 km Daimler Smart ED

AC charging (22 kW) AC charging (11 kW) Only AC slow (3.6-7.2 kW)

Daimler E-Smart ? km Renault Zoe 1.1 ? km Renault Zoe 2.0 Mercedes B class 170 km Renault Kangoo ZE 112 km Ford Focus Electric 100 km Renault Twizy 185 km Renault Fluence ZE 109 km Smart ED Gen 1 128 km Mercedes Vito E-cell

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Does rapid charging harm batteries

High-power

50KW remains safe investment for many years

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16

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Rapid charging locations and applications

Business

Of Offices, , Airports & Ho Hotels

§ Fleet options § Closed networks § Usage monitoring and customer profiling

City

Lo Local government & Re Regional au authorities es

§ Usage statistics and analytics § Supporting local air quality § Generate income

Highways

Na Nation

• nwide charging networ
• rks & fuel

st stat ations

§ Longer distance connective routes § Suitable for fatser 150kW charging

Shopping

Re Retail parks, Shopping centres and Re Restaurants

§ Integration with loyalty programmes § In-app special offers § Retained customers

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The retailers EV challenge

The Issue

§ Planning regulations in many local authorities require that new developments must allocate charging points at 10% of parking capacity § This has resulted in retailers having to install charge points that are seldom used, taking up valuable parking space § The average dwell time of a supermarket shopper ranges from 15 minutes to 40 minutes in larger stores. § This is an ideal match for a typical 30-minute rapid charge of an EV giving 80 miles which only provides 5 miles in the same time and up to 8 hours for a full charge

Benefits of rapid charging …

§ FAST and convenient – up to 16 times faster than standard charging, providing higher yield income § Drivers can shop or refresh while charging at local retail § Suitable for integration with retailer loyalty schemes § Ideal for local fleets and taxis § Generates income to local authority and private landlords § Connects to local grid independently from building supply

~30 minutes ~30 minutes

3kw = 5 miles charge in 30 minutes

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An infrastructure delivery model

MAINTAIN FUND EQUIPMENT SUPPLY BACK OFFICE OPERATE DESIGN & INSTALL ASSET OWNER ENERGY SUPPLY

Turnkey Provider

EV Drivers Landlord Hosts Program Manager Install / Maintain Equipment

Operator / Lease Profit share

Asset Owner / Operator

Equity / Finance Taxis, Fleets, Individuals Public / Private

Supply Contract Supply Contract Supply Contract Contribution to operations

Private Funds

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Finding a charging spot

§ The Engenie app uses Googlemaps or Apple maps depending on the mobile device. We present real- time data integration to support consumer access via 3rd party open applications, such as: § Web, mobile and in-car route navigation devices: − OpenChargeMap, Zap Map, Nissan CarWings − TomTom, Garmin, (Go2POI) § Reservations: − Fleets can be provided with a reservation facility for their drivers § Parking Controls: − Our back

• ffice

includes driver

• verstay

management − queue management through in-app driver social messaging

Account management

§ Web-based account management and invoicing via Engenie web portal and email notices § Payment supported via invoicing, direct debit through the app or payment taken over the phone § 24/7/365 customer help line to deal with technical

• r account based enquiries

§ Once a customer has set up an account, a personal mobile wallet connects to the payment

• ption of choice. More than one payment option

can be used

Charging and paying

§ The primary interaction that all customers will have and their main experience of Engenie § Customers can ‘Pay As You Go’ using their mobile phone. We support debit and credit card payments § Charge points contain a user friendly display screen to guide customers through the charging/payment process § The Engenie payment app can interface with popular retailers loyalty schemes § Engenie’s tariff is kWh unit based so customers

• nly pay for the energy they use

§ Tariff tools allow unit-based prices based on duration of the service encouraging traffic and lower prices during off-peak hours to attract customers § Charge points have built in credit card readers with NFC

Engenie’s customer contact: Three key touch-points

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Back Office Service & Payment Platform

§ All products work with our back office platform for seamless management and service level agreement. § The Engenie network is supported 24/7 with pro-active remote monitoring and a customer support line for any issues or general enquiries. § The Engenie back office can be configured with payment options for fleet drivers. § Tariffs can be remotely set by charger, location, user and time of day to take advantage of cheaper rate night time electricity. § Fleet facilities include reservation, driver management tools and account based invoicing.

A connected eco-system

§ High level view of systems, interfaces, data and key interactions that facilitate the operations of the Engenie electric vehicle charging network § There are API connections between Engenie’s eco-system and a direct connection to the charging units via an OCPP interface § First-line fault resolution is coordinated via the Engenie 24/7 support team by raising service tickets and escalating cases to the various support teams

Software Support 24/7 same day Engenie Customer Helpdesk 24/7 service Elm EV/ ABB Next business day maintenance Engenie ABB Charge Point 24/7 EV Charging

£

WorldPay Payment Processing 24/7 service Engenie Back Office Platform 24/7 asset monitoring Engenie App Pay, Register, Navigate

22

X

Remote response and resolution with efficient component replacement

=

Intrinsic product quality

Service and uptime – keeping our customers happy

Operational Uptime Handling Downtime

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99.5% Operational uptime

§ The operational uptime across the ABB global install base of over 5,000 rapid chargers is in excess of 99.5% § Of the 0.5% of issues, around 80% are resolved remotely so the driver can charge and go on their way. § Multiple unit sites provide further redundancy. § Remote monitoring, diagnostics and problem solving § The ABB Terra 53 Rapid Charger is designed for maintenance and quality: − 3 doors design − 20 minutes for swapping modules − Stainless steel − remote resetting of RCD and MCB § ABB helps Engenie achieve a maximum uptime for its charger network, supported by ABB’s presence in

• ver

100 countries worldwide. § Service Level Agreements include: − On call response − 4 hour response times − Preventive maintenance − Pro-active equipment monitoring − Hardware and Software updates / support

30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1213 14 15 16 17 1819 20 21 22 23 2425 26 27 28 29 100 99 98 97 96 95

Average %

Charger uptime (last 30 days)

Charger health Connection uptime

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Overview

Rapid electric vehicle charging point was installed in Fleet by Hart District Council, in partnership with Engenie, to allow people to top-up whilst they shop. Drivers will be able to top up their vehicles whilst shopping in the town with a full charge in under 30 minutes. Customers can ‘pay as you go’ using their mobile phone and it supports debt

• r credit card payments.

Cllr Mike Morris, Cabinet Member for Town and Village Regeneration at Hart District Council, said: “This is a good opportunity for the Council and it brings new technology, and potentially new customers, to the businesses of Fleet. It’s great that people will be able to ‘top-up’ whilst they shop. It’s not only beneficial to the environment, but also another great improvement to boost our local economy.” Cllr Steve Forster, Cabinet Member for Environmental and Technical Services said: “We have one

• f the fastest growing areas in terms of residents take up of pure Electric and hybrid Vehicles

(EVs). These rapid chargers will encourage more EVs, attract visitors as well as providing a valuable resource for local residents. Engenie have agreed to a lease for 15 years to provide the latest technology in EV charging points at no capital cost to the Council. The Council will share the income from each charge to cover the parking fees for these bays. This means they will be a cost effective solution for the future of electric vehicles in Hart.

Case study – Hart District Council

Sainsbury’s Marks and Spencer

Hart District Council Fleet M3

Basingstoke Reading

M4

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Typical Design as installed at Church Road Car Park, Fleet

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Images of the installations Overview

§ Engenie completed 3 sites in Cheshire East with 15-year tenancy agreements and asset titles in place to operate the 6 charge points § Each site is well located in Sainsbury’s car park (pictured right) and near Morrisons supermarket car parks and are served by nearby retail facilities, cafes and connecting arterial roads § Site installations were completed by Engenie's installation partner British Gas with the charge points supplied by equipment partner, ABB § Each site provides high uptime and availability allowing simultaneous charging

• f four EVs

§ To help keep the charging bays clear of non EVs the council has traffic orders in place to issue penalty tickets

Case Study – Cheshire East

• 1. Sainsbury’s, Wilmslow
• 2. Princess St, Congleton
• 3. Love Lane, Nantwich

East Cheshire Site locations

3 2 1

Nantwich Congleton Wilmslow

Wimslow Nantwich

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Grid Requirements § An Engenie installation includes a separately metered power supply, away from buildings. § Engenie work with the local distribution network operator to connect the charge points to a nearby LV main § This avoids interruption to or usage of the store power capacity with utility and meter costs directly paid by Engenie. § There are a number of options with the Engenie charging stations which can be suited to different sites:

Option No of Chargers Amps kVA Dual connector charging 1 2 320 220 AC and DC have maximum power 1 160 110 2 2 250 172 AC and DC have moderate power 1 125 86 3 2 160 110 AC or DC have power 1 80 55

Rapid charging Power Options

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EV Charging Transport Hub

An EV Hub is designed to be part of a retail and business centre, adding vital revenue streams and optimising use of urban development sites. § Between 10 to 20 rapid charging bays allowing vehicles to be fully charged in around 30 minutes. § Modern, comfortable lounge facilities for customers to relax and use the facilities. § Retail, food and beverage outlets through a coffee franchise group. § EV hire and taxi charging

Rapid Bus Charging

§ ABB automated rapid chargers for electric city busses § Enabling zero emission public transportation in cities § 450kWh output with typical bus charge time of 6 minutes § Easily integrated into exiting bus lines by installing chargers at endpoints and terminals

Other EV charging applications

29 Income projection

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 UK EV sales 40,696 59,009 82,612 114,005 155,047 170,551 187,607 206,367 EVs on the road 90,291 149,299 231,912 345,917 500,963 671,515 859,121 1,065,488 1,292,492 ENGENIE INCOME

Number of chargepoints 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

• Avg. Charges per day per point

3.4 4.6 6.0 7.5 9.2 10.4 10.3 10.3 Engenie Gross Profit 978 8,191 10,732 13,710 17,231 19,742 19,956 20,312 LANDLORD INCOME Landlord % share of GP rate 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% Landlord income 98 819 1,073 1,371 1,723 1,974 1,996 2,031 Landlord Cumulative income 98 917 1,990 3,361 5,084 7,058 9,054 11,085

Landlord Revenue Forecast

Typical Landord Income from a Rapid Charger

Electric vehicle operation (private) A typical full charge in kWh 20 Average mileage per year 8,000 Vehicle range per full charge 85 Full charges per year = 8,000 / 85 94 Rapid charge point operation Time to charge 20kWh in minutes 30

• Max. number of 20kWh charges in 24 hours

48 Cap applied to maximum number of charges 12 Capped daily usage per charge point (h:min) 6 hours

Key Assumptions

Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12 Year 13 Year 14 Year 15 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 227,004 249,704 274,675 302,142 332,356 365,592 402,151 1,292,492 1,542,197 1,816,871 2,119,013 2,451,370 2,816,962 3,219,113

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 11.0 20,755 21,260 21,809 22,395 23,010 23,651 24,314 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 2,076 2,126 2,181 2,239 2,301 2,365 2,431 13,161 15,287 17,468 19,707 22,008 24,373 26,805 UK EV sales EVs on the road ENGENIE INCOME

Number of chargepoints

• Avg. Charges per day per point

Engenie Gross Profit LANDLORD INCOME Landlord % share of GP rate Landlord income Landlord Cumulative income

Landlord Revenue Forecast

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Market Rapid charging tariffs

Operator Subscription fee Connection fee Rate Cost of 10kWh Cost of 20kWh

• £0.36

£0.36 / kWh £3.96 £7.56 £20 / year £1.80 £0.30 / kWh £4.80 £7.80

• £6 / 30 minutes

£12 / 31minutes £6.00 £12.00 £7.85 / month

• £6 / 30 minutes

£12 / 31minutes £6.00 £12.00 SALES £ 20kWh x 30p 6.00 Transaction fee 0.30 Gross income 6.30 VAT 1.26 Total 7.56

20kWh Transaction example

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