ERA IV UNIT WHI.12 Eastern Hemisphere; Africa EASTERN HEMISPHERE; - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
era iv unit whi 12
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

ERA IV UNIT WHI.12 Eastern Hemisphere; Africa EASTERN HEMISPHERE; - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 18, 2023 314 likes •1.14k views

ERA IV UNIT WHI.12 Eastern Hemisphere; Africa EASTERN HEMISPHERE; AFRICA 1000- 1500CE AFRICAS HISTORY LOST Muslim Arabs enslaved Africans after a battle. They were transported, with Asians and Europeans, across the Red Sea,

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Eastern Hemisphere; Africa

ERA IV UNIT WHI.12

slide-2
SLIDE 2
slide-3
SLIDE 3
slide-4
SLIDE 4

EASTERN HEMISPHERE; AFRICA

1000- 1500CE

slide-5
SLIDE 5

AFRICA’S HISTORY LOST…

  • Muslim Arabs enslaved Africans after

a battle.

  • They were transported, with Asians

and Europeans, across the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and the Sahara Desert.

  • From the late 15th century,

Europeans joined the slave trade, with the Portuguese initially acquiring slaves through trade and later by force.

slide-6
SLIDE 6
slide-7
SLIDE 7

AFRICA TODAY:

slide-8
SLIDE 8

AFRICA

  • WHI.12 The student will apply social science skills to understand

the civilizations and empires of Africa, with emphasis on the African kingdoms of Axum and Zimbabwe and the West African civilizations of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai, by

  • a) locating early civilizations and kingdoms in time and place and

describing major geographic features;

  • b) explaining the development of social, political, economic,

religious, and cultural patterns in each region; and

slide-9
SLIDE 9
slide-10
SLIDE 10
slide-11
SLIDE 11
slide-12
SLIDE 12
slide-13
SLIDE 13
slide-14
SLIDE 14
slide-15
SLIDE 15
  • I. WEST AFRICA; GHANA, MALI, SONGHAI:
  • A. Location-
  • Niger River and the Sahara
  • B. Trade-
  • gold and salt
  • C. City-
  • Timbuktu
  • center of trade and learning
  • D. Religion-
  • animism and Islam
slide-16
SLIDE 16
slide-17
SLIDE 17
slide-18
SLIDE 18

GHANA

slide-19
SLIDE 19

GHANA

slide-20
SLIDE 20

GHANA

slide-21
SLIDE 21

GHANA

slide-22
SLIDE 22

GHANA

  • 790- 1076
  • First of several west African

empires to dominate the gold and ivory trade

  • Conquered and split up by Muslim

invaders from northern Africa

slide-23
SLIDE 23

WEST AFRICAN TRADE:

  • The various kingdoms in West Africa made

very good trading partners. The north had

  • salt. The south had gold.
  • Ghana was in the middle. Ghana handled

the trades.

  • Trades were even, ounce for ounce - an
  • unce of gold for an ounce of salt.
  • Both sides - north and south - paid Ghana a

tribute to handle the trades.

slide-24
SLIDE 24

GHANA GETS RICH…

  • Although Ghana never owned gold and

salt mines, they controlled the trade between the kingdoms to the north and the kingdoms to the south.

  • With the arrival of camel trains, the

caravans, the Kingdom of Ghana expanded their control to include trade with the

  • foreigners. They traded gold for spices and
  • ther luxury goods as well as salt.
slide-25
SLIDE 25
slide-26
SLIDE 26

MALI

slide-27
SLIDE 27

TIMBUKTU

slide-28
SLIDE 28

MALI

  • 1230- c. 1400’s
  • Replaced Ghana
  • Used military force to expand territory
  • Began selling war captives to the Arabs as slaves
  • Adopted Islam as its religion
slide-29
SLIDE 29
  • E. MANSA MUSA
  • 1. Great King from Mali
  • 2. famous pilgrimage to Mecca

(1324-1325)

  • Caravan included:
  • 500 slaves bearing golden staffs
  • 100 camels, each loaded with 300

pounds of gold

  • 12,000 slaves
  • Effected economies wherever they

passed

  • It took Cairo, Egypt 12 years to recover!
slide-30
SLIDE 30

QUR’AN SCHOOL IN MALI

slide-31
SLIDE 31
slide-32
SLIDE 32
slide-33
SLIDE 33
slide-34
SLIDE 34
slide-35
SLIDE 35
slide-36
SLIDE 36

SONGHAI

slide-37
SLIDE 37
slide-38
SLIDE 38

SONGHAI

  • Early 1400’s to late

1500’s

  • Replaced Mali
  • Emperor Sunni Ali

adopted strict Shari’ah Law

  • Declined due to weak

leadership and slave trade

slide-39
SLIDE 39

SLAVERY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

slide-40
SLIDE 40

SONGHAI

slide-41
SLIDE 41

SONGHAI

slide-42
SLIDE 42
slide-43
SLIDE 43

AXUM

slide-44
SLIDE 44
slide-45
SLIDE 45

AXUM

slide-46
SLIDE 46
  • II. AXUM
  • A. Location-
  • Ethiopian Highlands

and the Nile River

slide-47
SLIDE 47

AXUM

  • Between the third and sixth century A.D. (C.E.)
  • Became a great market in northeastern Africa
  • Merchants traded with civilizations beyond the Nile River
  • During the fourth century A.D. (C.E.)
  • B. Became a Christian kingdom
  • Became politically and economically linked to Roman Egypt
slide-48
SLIDE 48

AXUM

slide-49
SLIDE 49

AXUM

slide-50
SLIDE 50
slide-51
SLIDE 51

QUEEN OF SHEBA

  • Known in biblical, Islamic and

Ethiopian tradition

  • Shown here on her way to visit

King Solomon in Jerusalem

  • The illustration is from the early

20th century by French-born English illustrator Edmund Dulac.

slide-52
SLIDE 52

QUEEN OF SHEBA

  • Ethiopian (Aksum) legendary wife of Solomon
  • In the biblical Book of Kings (I Kings 10), the Queen of Sheba

visits King Solomon at his court in Jerusalem

  • Hoping to impress him with her wealth, she arrives with a

camel-train laden with spices, gold, and jewels

  • She is overwhelmed by the splendor of Solomon’s state,

however, attributing this, and his people’s good fortune in being governed by such a king, to the Hebrew god, Yahweh

slide-53
SLIDE 53
slide-54
SLIDE 54
slide-55
SLIDE 55

ZIMBABWE

slide-56
SLIDE 56

ZIMBABWE

slide-57
SLIDE 57

ZIMBABWE

slide-58
SLIDE 58
  • III. ZIMBABWE
  • A. Location-
  • proximity to Zambezi and

Limpopo rivers and the Indian Ocean coast

  • B. City-
  • “Great Zimbabwe” as capital
  • C. Prosperous empire
slide-59
SLIDE 59

ZIMBABWE

slide-60
SLIDE 60

ZIMBABWE

  • D. Utilized Indian Ocean

trade routes to connect with Asia

slide-61
SLIDE 61

ZIMBABWE

slide-62
SLIDE 62

ZIMBABWE

slide-63
SLIDE 63

ZIMBABWE

  • Prosperous empire
  • Cattle herding
  • Descendants of

Bantu people

  • Zimbabwe collapsed

due to the slave trade

slide-64
SLIDE 64
slide-65
SLIDE 65
slide-66
SLIDE 66

AFRICA

slide-67
SLIDE 67
slide-68
SLIDE 68
slide-69
SLIDE 69
slide-70
SLIDE 70
slide-71
SLIDE 71

POINT OF NO RETURN

slide-72
SLIDE 72
slide-73
SLIDE 73
slide-74
SLIDE 74

AFRICA

  • WHI.12 The student will apply social science skills to understand

the civilizations and empires of Africa, with emphasis on the African kingdoms of Axum and Zimbabwe and the West African civilizations of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai, by

  • c) evaluating and explaining the European interactions with these

societies, with emphasis on trading and economic interdependence.

slide-75
SLIDE 75
  • IV. EUROPEAN

INTERACTIONS WITH AFRICA

  • A. God, Glory, and Gold!
  • Support for diffusion of

Christianity (God)

  • Political and economic

competition between European empires (Glory)

  • Demand for gold, spices, and

natural resources in Europe (Gold)

slide-76
SLIDE 76
slide-77
SLIDE 77

EUROPEAN INTERACTIONS WITH AFRICA

  • B. Age of Exploration

Innovations of European and Islamic origins in navigational arts

  • 1. New technologies for sailing

Pioneering role of Prince Henry the Navigator

  • 2. Prince Henry the Navigator promoted explorers

(he had a school) European trading posts were established along the coast of Africa

  • 3. Europe begins to take hold of Africa
slide-78
SLIDE 78

EUROPEAN INTERACTIONS WITH AFRICA

Prince Henry the Navigator

slide-79
SLIDE 79
slide-80
SLIDE 80
slide-81
SLIDE 81
slide-82
SLIDE 82

THE END