Panel 4: Other species SWO Swordfish BUM WHM SAI Billfish SMT - - PDF document

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Panel 4: Other species

SWO Swordfish BUM WHM SAI Billfish SMT Small tuna SHK Sharks

Malta ICCAT 2015 Panel 4: Other species 2

• Overview of stock status outlook and

management recommendations for all species except blue shark which was assessed this yea

• Results of the Blue shark assessment
• Workplans for all species group in the panel
• Response to the commission 19.7

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SAI

Biology Fisheries Stock status Outlook Effects of current regulations Management recommendation s

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SAI WHM BUM SWO

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POR

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SMK BSH

STOCK STRUCTURE

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Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda) Little tunny (Euthynnus alletteratus) King mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla) Atlantic Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus) Frigate tuna (Auxis thazard)

Most dominant species in the catches (5 species, more than 80% in weight) SMT

SMALL TUNAS Regional stock structure, in most cases undefined

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? ? ? ?

OTHER SHARKS

SWO

Total reported catch (Task I) and TACs Atlantic swordfish stocks (1950-2013)

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NORTH SOUTH

5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 1950 1954 1958 1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 t

SWO-MED. Task-I Catches

Other surf. Longline year

Mediterranean

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BILLFISH

BUM WHM SAI E SAI W

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 1925 1928 1931 1934 1937 1940 1943 1946 1949 1952 1955 1958 1961 1964 1967 1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 Ctach (mt) Year U.S.A. Faroes Norway Japan Iceland EC.United Kingdom EC.Sweden EC.Portugal EC.Netherlands EC.Ireland EC.Germany EC.France EC.España EC.Denmark

NE

0.00 1000.00 2000.00 3000.00 4000.00 5000.00 6000.00 7000.00 8000.00 9000.00 10000.00 Catch (mt) Year LL Ratios St.Pierre et Miquelon U.S.A. Norway Japan EC.Portugal EC.España Canada Faroe Islands

NW PORBEAGLE

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 Catch (mt) Year Uruguay Seychelles Japan Falklands EC.Portugal EC.Poland EC.Netherlands EC.España EC.Bulgaria Chile

SW reported

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 Catch (mt) Year

Non reporting LL Uruguay Seychelles Japan Falklands EC.Portugal EC.Poland EC.Netherlands EC.España EC.Bulgaria Chile

SW estimated

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Shortfin mako

Shark catches are often under-reported and need to be estimated from ratios of the catch of other species

Malta ICCAT 2015 Panel 4: Other species 10

20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 t year

Small tuna Task I cumuliative catches

Others (BOP, KGX, CER,SMT, SLT) DOL (Coryphaena hippurus) WAH (Acanthocybium solandri) MAW (Scomberomorus tritor) BLF (Thunnus atlanticus) BLT (Auxis rochei) BRS (Scomberomorus brasiliensis) SSM (Scomberomorus maculatus) KGM (Scomberomorus cavalla) FRI (Auxis thazard) LTA (Euthynnus alletteratus) BON (Sarda sarda)

SMALL TUNAS Atlantic and Mediterranean – 12 species

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Malta ICCAT 2015 Panel 4: Other species 11

N SWO

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Scaled Standardized CPUE Brazil Spain Uruguay Uruguay2 Japan Japan2 C_TAI1 C_TAI2 C_TAI3

S SWO

Relative abundance indices SWORDFISH

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 MoGN SpLL SiLL SiGN GrLL LiLL

Med SWO

Malta ICCAT 2015 Panel 4: Other species 12

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Combined Index

IndexEQW IndexARW IndexCAW

BUM WHM

W SAI W SAI W SAI W SAI E SAI E SAI

Relative abundance indices BILLFISH

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1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Catch Relative CPUE Year

Shortfin mako CPUE indices and catch (North)

US-Log JPLL-N ESP-LL-N POR-LL-N Catch-N

NORTH SOUTH

Relative abundance indices SHORTFIN MAKO

Malta ICCAT 2015 Panel 4: Other species 14

SWO N SWO S SWO Med

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 F09/Fmsy SSB09/SSBmsy

BUM WHM SAI W SAI E

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Shortfin mako Porbeagle: stock status

NE NW SW

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2012 Ecological Risk Assessment

OTHER SHARKS

Outlook and management recommendations

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WHM

• [Rec. 12-04], intended to reduce the total harvest to 400 t in

2013, 2014, and 2015 to allow the rebuilding of the white marlin stock from the overfished condition. The Committee expressed its concern on the effectiveness of such measure in light of the misidentification of spearfishes in the white marlin catches, which causes uncertainty in stock assessment results and enforcement related problems.

• One approach to reduce fishing mortality could be the use of

non-offset circle hooks as terminal gear

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Outlook and management recommendations

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BUM

• Concerns on the effectiveness of [Rec. 12-04], intended to

reduce the total harvest to 2,000 t in light of severe under reporting currently occurring in some fisheries. Therefore, the Committee alerts the Commission that unless such non- compliance issues are properly addressed the adoption of additional measures might be rendered ineffective.

• The adoption of measures such as, but not limited to the

mandated use of non-offset circle hooks as terminal gear to reduce marlin mortality.

• Actions to reduce fishing mortality of blue marlin from non-

industrial fisheries.

Outlook and management recommendations

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SAI

• Catches for the eastern stock should be reduced from current
• levels. It should be noted, however, that artisanal fishermen

harvest a large part of the sailfish catch along the African coast.

• Catches of the western stock of sailfish should not exceed

current levels. It should be noted, however, that artisanal fishermen harvest a large part of the sailfish catch of the western sailfish stock.

• One approach to reduce fishing mortality could be the use of

non-offset circle hooks as terminal gear.

• The Committee recommends all countries landing or having

dead discards of sailfish, report these data to the ICCAT Secretariat.

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Outlook and management recommendations

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SWO South

The committee did not have sufficient confidence in the assessment results to change the previous recommendation to limit catches to no more than 15,000 t SWO North

• current TAC of 13,700 t has an 83% probability of

maintaining the North Atlantic swordfish stock in a rebuilt condition by 2021 while maintaining biomass

• without better direction from the Commission with regard to

what constitutes a ‘high probability’, it cannot provide more specific advice. TACs up to 14,300 t would still have a higher than 50% probability of maintaining the stock in a rebuilt condition by 2021 but would be expected to lead to greater biomass declines

Outlook and management recommendations

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SWO Mediterranean:

• Maintain the current management measures of Mediterranean

swordfish as adopted in [Rec. 13-04] until additional data permits a conclusion as to whether or not they are sufficient to allow the stock to rebuild to a level in line with the Convention objectives.

• However, it has been noted that the recently adopted management

measures may have increased discard levels of undersized swordfish; therefore it is recommended to closely monitor the fishery and that every component of the Mediterranean swordfish mortality be adequately reported to ICCAT by the CPCs.

• Moreover, as it has been noted that the number of vessels in the

ICCAT records of vessels authorized to catch Mediterranean swordfish is generally higher than the vessels that are active in each CPC, the Committee recommends that the implications of this potential excess capacity should be considered by the Commission.

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Outlook and management recommendations: Sharks

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GENERAL

• Precautionary management measures should be considered particularly

for stocks where there is the greatest biological vulnerability and conservation concern, and for which there are very few data. Management measures should ideally be species-specific whenever possible.

• Committee strongly urges the CPCs to provide the corresponding

statistics, including discards (dead or alive), of all ICCAT fisheries, including recreational and artisanal fisheries, and to the extent possible non-ICCAT fisheries capturing these species.

• Methods for mitigating shark by-catch by purse seines, gillnets, and

artisanal fisherie fisheries need to be investigated and applied.

Outlook and management recommendations: Sharks

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SHORTFIN MAKO

Taking into consideration the continued high vulnerability ranking in the ERA, results from the modelling approaches used in the assessment, the associated uncertainty, and the relatively low productivity of shortfin mako sharks, the Committee reiterates, as a precautionary approach, that catches of shortfin mako sharks should not be increased with respect to the 2006-2010 levels until more reliable stock assessment results are available for both the Northern and Southern stocks.

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Outlook and management recommendations: Sharks

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PORBEAGLE

• The Committee recommends that the Commission work with countries

catching porbeagle and relevant RFMOs to ensure recovery of North Atlantic porbeagle stocks (e.g. NAFO) and cooperate with the current Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) to conduct a coordinated South Atlantic stock assessment).

• Porbeagle fishing mortality should be kept to levels in line with scientific

advice and with catches not exceeding the current level. New targeted porbeagle fisheries should be prevented, porbeagles retrieved alive should be released alive.

• Management measures and data collection should be harmonized as

much as possible among all relevant RFMOs dealing with these stocks, ICCAT should facilitate appropriate communication.

Outlook

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SMT

The provision of management advice by the SCRS relies on accurate reporting of Task I and II data. However, due to the nature of small tuna fisheries (i.e. multi-gear, multi-species, artisanal fisheries, etc.), information on fisheries data is difficult to collect. Therefore, the Committee hasn’t been able to conduct any quantitative stock assessment for any species. However, work is currently being conducted on developing indicators that in the future could be used to provide management advice to the Commission.

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2015 Assessment of Blue shark

CATCH ESTIMATES

RELATIVE ABUNDANCE (CPUE) SOUTH NORTH

Length compositions

Biological parameters Growth Maturity Reproduction

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Blue shark tagging

Releases Recaptures (6.6%) Straight movement

North Atlantic stock Production model

Fits to relative abundance indices

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North Atlantic stock

Statistically integrated age- structured model

Fits to relative abundance indices Fits to length composition

North Atlantic stock

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 F2013/FMSY B2013/BMSY

SS3 run 4 SS3 run 6 BSP-N1 BSP-N2 BSP-N3 BSP-N4 BSP-N5 BSP-N6 BSP-N7 BSP-N8 BSP-USObs BSP-JLL BSP-USObsCru BSP-PORLL BSP-VENLL BSP-ESPLLN

STOCK STATUS from combined results (production model and statistically integrated model

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South Atlantic stock

BSP: Fits to indices

South Atlantic stock

SS-BSP: Fits to indices

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South Atlantic stock

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 F2013/FMSY B2013/BMSY

SS-BSP-M1 SS-BSP-M2 SS-BSP-M3 SS-BSP-M4 SS-BSP-M5 SS-BSP-M6 SS-BSP-M7 SS-BSP-M8 SS-BSP-M9 SS-BSP-M10 SS-BSP-M11 SS-BSP-M12 BSP-S1 BSP-S2 BSP-S3 BSP-S4 BSP-S5 BSP-S6 BSP-S7 BSP-S8 BSP-S9 BSP-S10 BSP-URULL BSP-BRLL BSP-JLL BSP-ESPLLS BSP-CHTALLS

STOCK STATUS from combined results (two different production models

Outlook and management recommendations

• No projections of future stock conditions undertaken due to

still high uncertainty in current stock status

• Given the uncertainty in stock status results for the South

Atlantic stock of blue shark, the Committee recommends that recent catch levels (e.g. in the past five years, 2009- 2013) not be increased.

• For the North Atlantic stock, while all model formulations

explored predicted that the stock was not overfished and that overfishing was not occurring, there still remained enough uncertainty in the data inputs and model structural assumptions to allow the Committee to reach a consensus

• n a specific management recommendation.

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Shark Species Group Work Plan

In preparation for a planned stock assessment of Shortfin mako in 2017, the Group will conduct the following activities: Hold an intersessional meeting to: – Review progress on the SRDCP (Shark Research and Data Collection Program) projects on shortfin mako age and growth dynamics, genetics, post-release survival, movements, and trophic dynamics – Provide stock status indicators of shortfin mako (nominal CPUE and catch from task II) – Start review of historical catches and available CPUE indices for SMA – Start review of spatial length composition data to help define fleets for SS3 – Finalize activities of the SRDCP for SMA

Swordfish Working Group Work Plan

• swordfish were last assessed in 2013.
• During 2016 the working group will prepare the information

required for an Assessments in 2017 of Mediterranean, North and South Atlantic stocks. In addition to regular data preparation activities the group will require:

• Support from a South Atlantic Swordfish Research Plan
• Furthers studies on Environmental effects on populations

and how to best determine how to include environmental covariates into the overall assessment process.

• Develop spatially explicit CPUE. Possibility to assess the

north Atlantic swordfish stock using area specific CPUEs, incorporating effects of oceanographic and climatological processes.

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Billfish Working Group Work Plan

Proposes to conduct a stock assessment of the two stocks

• f sailfish in 2016. In preparation for the sailfish

assessment the and in addition of the regular preparation

• f data for the assessment the group will:
• Require financial assistance to support a workshop to

help West African countries to standardize their CPUE datapril 2016;

• Complete work on comprehensive sailfish stock

structure.

Small tunas Working Group Work Plan

Intersessional meeting of the Small Tunas Species Group in

• 2016. At such meeting national scientists should provide:
• analysis historical fisheries indicators on small tunas (e.g.

CPUE; development of simple indicators of stock sustainability such as: mean size, proportion of juveniles, etc.),

• Improvements to the Task II data (under SMTYP program);
• Contributions to a meta-database for small tunas in order to

identify and apply the appropriate stock assessment methods for each species/stock identified as a priority; The group will also:

• Encourage studies on stock structure and species distribution
• Collaborate, as much as possible through joint working groups,

with other RFMOs to improve and exchange basic fisheries data on small tunas.

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Malta ICCAT 2015 Panel 4: Other species 41

19.7 Evaluation of data deficiencies pursuant to [Rec. 05-09] The Commission expressed in [Rec. 05-09] for the SCRS to evaluate: “the effect of the data deficiency(ies) on the Commission’s ability to determine the status of the stock(s) and on the effectiveness of the ICCAT conservation and management measures”.

• Data deficiencies are present for many of the basic information used

to support ICCAT assessments

• Data deficiencies are more common for by-catch species than for

target stocks.

• Data deficiencies are also common for small tunas and species of

sharks that are now clearly targeted by some fishing fleets.

• Data defficiencies remain for data on catches of billfish on moored

FAD fisheries in several Caribbean countries over the last two decades

RESPONSE TO THE COMMISSIONS