Era V; Unit 3 WHI.3 The Reformation Voorhees 2017 Jesus of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Era V; Unit 3

WHI.3 The Reformation

Voorhees 2017

Jesus of Nazareth

• What is the first church of Christianity?

Protesting for Reform

The Protestant Reformation

• What is a Protestant?

–a member of the Western Christian church that rejects papal authority and some fundamental Roman Catholic doctrines, and believes in justification by faith. – Protestants= non-Catholic Christians –Protestant Reformation= Protest and Reform

Connecting the Renaissance to the Reformation

• Snapshot in time:
• Pope Leo X
• Son of Lorenzo de

Medici

• Strong supporter
• f the arts
• Extravagances

The student will demonstrate knowledge apply social science skills to understand of the Reformation in terms of its impact on Western civilization by

• a) explaining the effects of the theological,

political, and economic differences that emerged, including the views and actions of Martin Luther, John Calvin, Henry VIII, and Elizabeth I;

Conflicts that challenged the authority of the Church in Rome

• German and English nobility disliked Italian

domination of the Church.

• The Church’s great political power and

wealth caused conflict.

• Church corruption and the sale of

indulgences were widespread and caused conflict.

• Early dissenters (John Wycliffe and Jan Huss)

led early efforts to reform the Church.

Sale of Indulgences

Dissenters prior to Luther

• Protestors before

Martin Luther:

• Wycliffe
• Huss
• Huss followed

Wycliffe and was less radical

“I believe that in the end the truth will conquer.” -John Wycliffe

Wycliffe and Huss

• BOTH:
• condemned church abuses
• attempted to bring the church to the

people

• believed in predestination and regarded

the Bible as the ultimate religious authority

• Believed the Catholic church was

corrupt

• held that Christ, rather than any official,

is the true head of the church

Martin Luther

• Martin Luther (the Lutheran tradition)
• Views—Salvation by faith alone, Bible as the

ultimate authority, all humans equal before God

• Actions—95 theses, birth of the Protestant

Church

• Initiated the Protestant Reformation that

splintered Catholic Europe

Luther

Castle Church, Wittenberg

• In 1517 Protestant

reformer Martin Luther is said to have nailed his 95 theses on the door

• f the church
• He is buried there

Wittenberg

Martin Luther kicked out

• Luther excommunicated by Leo X
• Diet of Worms- Luther

condemned by Charles V

Luther on Trial- Diet of Worms

Wartburg Castle

Eisenach, Germany Martin Luther lived here in the 1520s, after being declared an

• utlaw. In this castle Luther began translating the Bible from Greek

into German.

“That all may understand”

• Martin Luther

Luther

• “The devil doesn’t stay where there’s music.”-

Martin Luther

• Luther established congregational singing as a

regular part of worship, wrote hymns, and helped compile a Protestant hymnal

John Calvin

• John Calvin (the Calvinist tradition)
• Single Predestination (God chooses

those to be saved and those to be punished)

• Actions—Expansion of the

Protestant Movement

England

• King Henry VIII (the Anglican

tradition)

• Views—Disagreed with the

authority of the Pope in Rome

• Actions—Divorced; broke ties

with papal authority; headed the national church in England; appropriated lands and wealth

• f the Roman Catholic Church in

England

The Six Wives of Henry VIII

Henry VIII

King Henry VIII

Founded the church of England Had 6 wives- 2 he had beheaded

England

• Queen Elizabeth I
• Views- tolerance for

dissenters, expansion, and colonialism

• Actions: commissioned

39 Articles, Victory over the Spanish Armada (1588)

England v. Spain and the Spanish Armada

Defeat of the Spanish Armada

• 130 large Spanish battleships
• The English failed to stop the fleet in long-

range cannon duels

• So they set ships laden with gunpowder afire

towards the Armada

• The Spanish force eluded the fire ships by

sailing out to sea, but strong gales wrecked most of the ships off the coast of Ireland, and

• nly 67 ships returned to Spain.

Queen Elizabeth I

Unified and Strengthened England

Thirty Years’ War

Series of devastating wars

Catholics v. Protestants

• Germany: Thirty Years’ War
• Princes in Northern Germany converted to

Protestantism

• Hapsburg family and the authority of the Holy

Roman Empire continued to support the Roman Catholic Church

• Protestant and Catholic conflict
• Protestant princes in Northern Germany v.

Catholic Hapsburg family and H.R.E. leaders

Holy Roman Empire

REFORMATION IN FRANCE

Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

Political rivalry between Roman Catholics and French Protestants (1572 CE)

Edict of Nantes

• France: Edict of Nantes
• King Henry IV
• 1598 CE
• After more than thirty years of

war between Catholics and Protestants, granted the Calvinist Protestants of France rights

• French Protestants= Huguenots

Cardinal Richelieu

• France: Cardinal Richelieu
• His two main goals:
• Centralization of power in France
• Oppose the Hapsburg Dynasty (Austria and

Spain)

• An obstacle to the centralization of power was

the religious division

Cardinal Richelieu

• In 1627, Richelieu ordered the

army to besiege the Huguenot stronghold of La Rochelle; the Cardinal personally commanded the besieging troops

• Cardinal Richelieu exploited

the religious conflict for political ends

CATHOLIC REFORMATION

“The Counter Reformation”

The student will demonstrate knowledge apply social science skills to understand of the Reformation in terms of its impact on Western civilization by

• b) describing the impact of religious conflicts, the

Inquisition, and Catholic Reformation on society and government actions;

Catholic Reformation

Counter Reformation (In reaction to the Protestant Reformation)

• 1. The Council of Trent reaffirmed most Church

doctrine and practices.

• 2. The Society of Jesus (The Jesuits) was founded to

spread Catholic doctrine around the world.

• 3. The Inquisition was used to reinforce Catholic

doctrine

Council of Trent

Council of Trent

• lasted for 18 years
• responded to the Protestant Reformation and

defined the dogmas of the church

• set the standard of faith and practice for the

church until the mid-20th century

• The Council of Trent reaffirmed most Church

doctrine and practices.

Society of Jesuits

• religious order of men in the

Roman Catholic church

• founded by Saint Ignatius of

Loyola in 1534

• confirmed by Pope Paul III in

1540

• object is the spread of the

church by preaching and teaching

Jesuits

• Saint Ignatius
• f Loyola
• The Society of Jesus

(The Jesuits) was founded to spread Catholic doctrine around the world.

The Inquisition

• To deal with people

suspected of Protestantism

• The Spanish

Inquisition

• Tomás de

Torquemada executed thousands of reputed heretics

Inquisition… Galileo on trial

Galileo facing the Roman Catholic Inquisition

Inquisition

Inquisition

• The Inquisition

was used to reinforce Catholic doctrine

Counter Reformation

• Inadvertently leads to the Scientific Revolution!

Wanted to make Catholicism more attractive Baroque Art Holidays and celebrations Changed the calendar Nicolaus Copernicus studied the year to reform calendar Replaced Ptolemaic system with heliocentric model!

Begins Scientific Revolution

paradigm shift

• The Copernican Revolution refers to the

paradigm shift away from the Ptolemaic Model of the heavens towards the heliocentric theory

• Ptolemaic= Earth at the center of the galaxy
• Heliocentric= Sun at the center of our Solar

System

• It was one of the starting points of the

Scientific Revolution of the 16th Century

Copernican Revolution

The student will demonstrate knowledge apply social science skills to understand of the Reformation in terms of its impact on Western civilization by

• c) describing how the Reformation led to changing

cultural values, traditions, and philosophies, and assessing the role of the printing press.

Protestant Reformation= change

• 1. At first the Reformation divided the countries
• f Europe on religious principles, leading to

religious intolerance

• 2. Power in most European states was

concentrated in the monarch

• 3. Gradually religious toleration emerged, along

with democratic thought

Changing cultural values, traditions, and philosophies

• Growth of secularism and skepticism in

reaction against religious warfare

• Growth of individualism
• Eventual growth of religious tolerance

Role of the Printing Press

• Growth of literacy was

stimulated by the Gutenberg printing press.

• The Bible was printed in

English, French, and German.

• These factors had an

important impact on spreading the ideas of the Reformation and the Renaissance.

moveable type printing

the Gutenberg printing press

Gutenberg Bible

Know this… the Gutenberg Printing Press=

LITERACY and the SPREAD OF IDEAS

Christianity

Protestants= non-Catholic Christians:

• Anglicans
• Episcopalians
• Presbyterians
• Methodists
• Lutherans
• Quakers
• Baptists
• Adventists
• etc.

TIME FOR A PRACTICE QUIZ

Number your paper 1-15

• 1. Before the Reformation, this had power for

centuries with no competition:

a) Merchant society b) Roman Catholic Church c) Protestant Church d) German and English nobility

• 2. This means to lend money at exorbitant

(extreme) interest rates:

a) Salvation b) Economics c) Reformation d) Usury

• 3. Which one of the following was not an

immediate cause for the Reformation?

a) The weak power of the Catholic Church b) Merchant wealth challenged the church’s view of usury c) German and English nobility disliked Italian domination of the church d) The church’s corruption and sale of indulgences

• 4. Who expressed the views found in

the box below?

a) Louis XVI b) John Calvin c) Martin Luther d) King Henry VIII

• Salvation by faith alone
• Bible is the ultimate authority
• All humans are equal before God

• 5. Which of the following was characteristic
• f the Reformation in Germany?

a) The Hapsburg family continued to support the Roman Catholic Church b) The authority of the Pope continued in Northern Germany c) The focus of the Thirty Years’ War was changed from a political to a regional conflict d) The Edict of Nantes granted Catholics freedom of worship

• 6. The Anglican Church became a national

church throughout the British Isles under:

a) Henry VIII b) Elizabeth I c) Charles V d) Philip II

• 7. The Thirty Years’ War was a conflict

between:

a) England and Russia b) Christians and Muslims c) Protestants and Catholics d) France and Italy

• 8. This man believed in predestination:

a) King Henry VIII b) Martin Luther c) Louis XVI d) John Calvin

• 9. The Edict of Nantes granted who freedom
• f worship?

a) French Protestants (Huguenots) b) Roman Catholics c) German princes d) English monarchy

• 10. Cardinal Richelieu changed the focus of

this war from religious to political

a) Reformation War b) European War c) Thirty Years’ War d) English War

• 11. Which of the following is not a

characteristic of the Counter-Reformation?

a) Catholic Church mounted reforms to reassert its authority b) Protestants gave up their cause c) Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) was founded to spread Catholic doctrine around the world d) The Inquisition was established to reinforce Catholic doctrine

• 12. Which word means worldly or non-

religious?

a) Individualism b) Protestantism c) Tolerance d) Secularism

• 13. Which word means to live alongside of

peacefully?

a) Individualism b) Protestantism c) Tolerance d) Nationalism

• 14. Which word means to believe in the

importance of each person?

a) Individualism b) Protestantism c) Reform d) Nationalism

• 15. Which word means to make changes for

the better (improvements)?

a) Individualism b) Protestantism c) Reform d) Nationalism

MAKE CORRECTIONS AS NEEDED

Let’s see how you did

• 1. Before the Reformation, this had power for

centuries with no competition:

a) Merchant society b) Roman Catholic Church c) Protestant Church d) German and English nobility

• 2. This means to lend money at exorbitant

(extreme) interest rates:

a) Salvation b) Economics c) Reformation d) Usury

• 3. Which one of the following was not an

immediate cause for the Reformation?

a) The weak power of the Catholic Church b) Merchant wealth challenged the church’s view of usury c) German and English nobility disliked Italian domination of the church d) The church’s corruption and sale of indulgences

• 4. Who expressed the views found in

the box below?

a) Louis XVI b) John Calvin c) Martin Luther d) King Henry VIII

• Salvation by faith alone
• Bible is the ultimate authority
• All humans are equal before God

• 5. Which of the following was characteristic
• f the Reformation in Germany?

a) The Hapsburg family continued to support the Roman Catholic Church b) The authority of the Pope continued in Northern Germany c) The focus of the Thirty Years’ War was changed from a political to a regional conflict d) The Edict of Nantes granted Catholics freedom of worship

• 6. The Anglican Church became a national

church throughout the British Isles under:

a) Henry VIII b) Elizabeth I c) Charles V d) Philip II

• 7. The Thirty Years’ War was a conflict

between:

a) England and Russia b) Christians and Muslims c) Protestants and Catholics d) France and Italy

• 8. This man believed in predestination:

a) King Henry VIII b) Martin Luther c) Louis XVI d) John Calvin

• 9. The Edict of Nantes granted who freedom
• f worship?

a) French Protestants (Huguenots) b) Roman Catholics c) German princes d) English monarchy

• 10. Cardinal Richelieu changed the focus of

this war from religious to political

a) Reformation War b) European War c) Thirty Years’ War d) English War

• 11. Which of the following is not a

characteristic of the Counter-Reformation?

a) Catholic Church mounted reforms to reassert its authority b) Protestants gave up their cause c) Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) was founded to spread Catholic doctrine around the world d) The Inquisition was established to reinforce Catholic doctrine

• 12. Which word means worldly or non-

religious?

a) Individualism b) Protestantism c) Tolerance d) Secularism

• 13. Which word means to live alongside of

peacefully?

a) Individualism b) Protestantism c) Tolerance d) Nationalism

• 14. Which word means to believe in the

importance of each person?

a) Individualism b) Protestantism c) Reform d) Nationalism

• 15. Which word means to make changes for

the better (improvements)?

a) Individualism b) Protestantism c) Reform d) Nationalism

Luther’s Bible

The End