English participle allomorphy as inflection class Johannes Hein Uni - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

English participle allomorphy as inflection class Johannes Hein Uni v ersität Leip z ig ConSOLE XXIII Univ e rsit é P a ris D i de rot 7 – 9 J a nu a r y 2 0 1 5 J. H e in (U L e ip z ig) P a rti c ipl e a llomorp hy a s in f l ec tion c l a ss C onSOL E XX III , P a ris 1 / 3 5

Intro G e n e r a l a im : de ri v a tion = in flec tion = (post-)s y nt ax (M a r a nt z 1997; Ba k e r 19 88 ; P e s e tsk y 199 5 ) J. H e in (U L e ip z ig) P a rti c ipl e a llomorph y a s in f l ec tion c l a ss C onSOL E XX III , P a ris 2 / 3 5

Intro G e n e r a l a im : de ri v a tion = in flec tion = (post-)s y nt ax (M a r a nt z 1997; Ba k e r 19 88 ; P e s e tsk y 199 5 ) A im o f this t a lk : Gi v e a post-s y nt ac ti c acc ount o f E nglish p a rti c ipl e a llomorph y w ithout th e pro b l e ms a n d d r awbac ks o f E m b i c k (2 00 3). J. H e in (U L e ip z ig) P a rti c ipl e a llomorph y a s in f l ec tion c l a ss C onSOL E XX III , P a ris 2 / 3 5

Intro G e n e r a l a im : de ri v a tion = in flec tion = (post-)s y nt ax (M a r a nt z 1997; Ba k e r 19 88 ; P e s e tsk y 199 5 ) A im o f this t a lk : Gi v e a post-s y nt ac ti c acc ount o f E nglish p a rti c ipl e a llomorph y w ithout th e pro b l e ms a n d d r awbac ks o f E m b i c k (2 00 3). C l a im : Su c h a n acc ount ca n be pro v i ded i f on e slightl y ada pts a mo d i fied v e rsion o f D istri b ut ed Morpholog y ( D M plus acce ssi b ilit y r e l a tions , K e in e 2 0 13). J. H e in (U L e ip z ig) P a rti c ipl e a llomorph y a s in f l ec tion c l a ss C onSOL E XX III , P a ris 2 / 3 5

Stru c tur e Stru c tur e o f th e t a lk 1. Bac kgroun d: D istri b ut ed Morpholog y ( D M) 2. Da t a 3. E m b i c k’s (2 00 3) a n a l y sis a n d its pro b l e ms 4 . R ea n a l y sis 5 . C on c lusion J. H e in (U L e ip z ig) P a rti c ipl e a llomorph y a s in f l ec tion c l a ss C onSOL E XX III , P a ris 3 / 3 5

Bac kgroun d: D istri b ut ed Morphology T a xonomy o f th e ori e s o f in flec tion (Stump 2001) (1) Taxonomy r ea lis a tion a l in c r e m e nt a l l e xi ca l D M MM in fe r e nti a l P F M – J. H e in (U L e ipzig) P a rti c ipl e a llomorp hy a s in f l ec tion c l a ss C onSOL E XX III , P a ris 4 / 3 5

Bac kgroun d: D istri b ut ed Morphology T a xonomy o f th e ori e s o f in flec tion (Stump 2001) (1) Taxonomy r ea lis a tion a l in c r e m e nt a l l e xi ca l D M MM in fe r e nti a l P F M – ▸ R ea lis a tion a l : In flec tion m a rk e rs r ea lis e mor phosynt ac ti c fea tur e s th a t a r e in de p e n de ntly pr e s e nt on th e st e m. ▸ In c r e m e nt a l : In flec tion m a rk e rs add fea tur e s to th e st e m th a t a r e not pr e s e nt oth e rwis e . J. H e in (U L e ipzig) P a rti c ipl e a llomorp hy a s in f l ec tion c l a ss C onSOL E XX III , P a ris 4 / 3 5

Bac kgroun d: D istri b ut ed Morphology T a xonomy o f th e ori e s o f in flec tion (Stump 2001) (1) Taxonomy r ea lis a tion a l in c r e m e nt a l l e xi ca l D M MM in fe r e nti a l P F M – ▸ R ea lis a tion a l : In flec tion m a rk e rs r ea lis e mor phosynt ac ti c fea tur e s th a t a r e in de p e n de ntly pr e s e nt on th e st e m. ▸ In c r e m e nt a l : In flec tion m a rk e rs add fea tur e s to th e st e m th a t a r e not pr e s e nt oth e rwis e . ▸ L e xi ca l : In flec tion m a rk e rs a r e mor ph e m e s a n d e xist a s o b j ec ts in th e l e xi c on. ▸ In fe r e nti a l : In flec tion m a rk e rs h a v e no morph e m e st a tus a n d d o not e x ist a s s e p a r a t e o b j ec ts in th e l e x i c on. J. H e in (U L e ipzig) P a rti c ipl e a llomorp hy a s in f l ec tion c l a ss C onSOL E XX III , P a ris 4 / 3 5

Bac kgroun d: D istri b ut ed Morphology C or e a ssumptions o f D M (H a ll e a n d M a r a ntz 1993 , 199 4 ) ▸ L a t e ins e rtion : ▸ Morphology af t e r synt a x ▸ Op e r a t e s on b un d l e s o f morphosynt ac ti c fea tur e s pro v i ded b y synt a x th a t l ac k phonologi ca l in f orm a tion ( f -morph e m e s) ▸ Fea tur e s o f t e rmin a l no de s a r e r ea lis ed b y ins e rtion o f v o cab ul a r y it e ms ( V Is = e x pon e nts/in flec tion m a rk e rs) ▸ S y nt ac ti c stru c tur e a ll th e w a y d o w n : ▸ In flec t ed w or d s h a v e int e rn a l stru c tur e g e n e r a t ed b y s y nt a x ▸ In flec tion a l affi x e s r ea lis e f un c tion a l s y nt ac ti c h ead s ▸ Un de rsp ec i fica tion o f v o cab ul a r y it e ms a n d th e Su b s e t Prin c ipl e J. H e in (U L e ip z ig) P a rti c ipl e a llomorph y a s in f l ec tion c l a ss C onSOL E XX III , P a ris 5 / 3 5

Bac kgroun d: D istri b ut ed Morphology V o cab ul a r y it e ms a n d ins e rtion ▸ P a ir morphos y nt ac ti c a n d phonologi ca l in f orm a tion /phon/ ↔ [ morphos y n ] / [ morphos y n ] (2) ▸ V o cab ul a r y it e ms m a y be un de rsp ec i fied ( c ont a in onl y a su b s e t o f th e fea tur e s o f th e t e rmin a l no de ) J. H e in (U L e ip z ig) P a rti c ipl e a llomorp h y a s in f l ec tion c l a ss C onSOL E XX III , P a ris 6 / 3 5

Bac kgroun d: D istri b ut ed Morphology V o cab ul a r y it e ms a n d ins e rtion ▸ P a ir morphos y nt ac ti c a n d phonologi ca l in f orm a tion /phon/ ↔ [ morphos y n ] / [ morphos y n ] (2) ▸ V o cab ul a r y it e ms m a y be un de rsp ec i fied ( c ont a in onl y a su b s e t o f th e fea tur e s o f th e t e rmin a l no de ) Su b s e t Prin c ipl e a n d Sp ec i fic it y (H a ll e a n d M a r a nt z 1993 , 199 4 ) (3) Subset Principle : A v o cab ul a r y it e m V is ins e rt ed into a f un c tion a l morph e m e M ( a t e rmin a l no de ) i ff ( a ) a n d ( b ) hol d: a . Th e morphos y nt ac ti c fea tur e s o f V a r e a su b s e t o f th e morphos y nt ac ti c fea tur e s o f M. b . V is th e most sp ec i fic V I th a t s a tis fie s ( a ). ( 4 ) Specificity : A V I V i is mor e sp ec i fic th a n a V I V j i ff V i h a s a b igg e r su b s e t o f M ’s mor phos y nt ac ti c fea tur e s th a n V j . J. H e in (U L e ip z ig) P a rti c ipl e a llomorp h y a s in f l ec tion c l a ss C onSOL E XX III , P a ris 6 / 3 5

Th e Da t a Th e da t a: E nglish p a st p a rti c ipl e s In E nglish p a st p a rti c ipl e s , th e c hoi ce o f ex pon e nt de p e n d s on : ▸ th e i de ntit y o f th e l ex i ca l it e m a n d ▸ w h e th e r th e p a rti c ipl e is ad j ec ti v a l or p a ssi v e ( 5 ) a . Th e closed w in d o w . ad j ec ti v a l b . Th e w in d o w w a s closed . p a ssi v e (6) a . Th e written not e . ad j ec ti v a l b . Th e not e w a s written . p a ssi v e (7) a . Th e rotten a ppl e . ad j ec ti v a l b . Th e a ppl e w a s rotted . p a ssi v e J. H e in (U L e ip z ig) P a rti c ipl e a llomorph y a s in f l ec tion c l a ss C onSOL E XX III , P a ris 7 / 3 5

Th e Da t a Th e da t a: E nglish p a st p a rti c ipl e s In E nglish p a st p a rti c ipl e s , th e c hoi ce o f ex pon e nt de p e n d s on : ▸ th e i de ntit y o f th e l ex i ca l it e m a n d ▸ w h e th e r th e p a rti c ipl e is ad j ec ti v a l or p a ssi v e ( 5 ) a . Th e closed w in d o w . ad j ec ti v a l b . Th e w in d o w w a s closed . p a ssi v e (6) a . Th e written not e . ad j ec ti v a l b . Th e not e w a s written . p a ssi v e (7) a . Th e rotten a ppl e . ad j ec ti v a l b . Th e a ppl e w a s rotted . p a ssi v e J. H e in (U L e ip z ig) P a rti c ipl e a llomorph y a s in f l ec tion c l a ss C onSOL E XX III , P a ris 7 / 3 5

Th e Da t a Th e da t a: E nglish p a st p a rti c ipl e s In E nglish p a st p a rti c ipl e s , th e c hoi ce o f ex pon e nt de p e n d s on : ▸ th e i de ntit y o f th e l ex i ca l it e m a n d ▸ w h e th e r th e p a rti c ipl e is ad j ec ti v a l or p a ssi v e ( 5 ) a . Th e closed w in d o w . ad j ec ti v a l b . Th e w in d o w w a s closed . p a ssi v e (6) a . Th e written not e . ad j ec ti v a l b . Th e not e w a s written . p a ssi v e (7) a . Th e rotten a ppl e . ad j ec ti v a l b . Th e a ppl e w a s rotted . p a ssi v e J. H e in (U L e ip z ig) P a rti c ipl e a llomorph y a s in f l ec tion c l a ss C onSOL E XX III , P a ris 7 / 3 5

Th e Da t a T w o qu e stions ( E m b i c k 2 00 3) 1. Ho w ca n th e a llomorph y be t wee n th e ad j ec ti v a l a n d th e p a ssi v e p a rti c ipl e o f th e s a m e l e x i ca l it e m be de ri v ed ? ⇒ rott e n – rott ed 2. Is it possi b l e to de ri v e phonologi ca ll y i de nti ca l ex pon e nts a s f un c tion a ll y i de nti ca l (i. e . s y n c r e ti c )? ⇒ rott e n – w ritt e n J. H e in (U L e ip z ig) P a rti c ipl e a llomorph y a s in f l ec tion c l a ss C onSOL E XX III , P a ris 8 / 3 5

Th e Da t a T w o qu e stions ( E m b i c k 2 00 3) 1. Ho w ca n th e a llomorph y be t wee n th e ad j ec ti v a l a n d th e p a ssi v e p a rti c ipl e o f th e s a m e l e x i ca l it e m be de ri v ed ? ⇒ rott e n – rott ed 2. Is it possi b l e to de ri v e phonologi ca ll y i de nti ca l ex pon e nts a s f un c tion a ll y i de nti ca l (i. e . s y n c r e ti c )? ⇒ rott e n – w ritt e n ▸ Morpholog y must be s e nsiti v e to ad j ec ti v a l v s p a ssi v e e n v ironm e nt a n d d i ffe r e nt l e x i ca l it e ms. ▸ To de ri v e th e phonologi ca ll y i de nti ca l e x pon e nts a s s y n c r e ti c, w e must a ssum e th a t a ll p a rti c ipl e e x pon e nts r ea lis e th e s a m e s y nt ac ti c h ead (i. e . th e s a m e morphos y nt ac ti c fea tur e s). J. H e in (U L e ip z ig) P a rti c ipl e a llomorph y a s in f l ec tion c l a ss C onSOL E XX III , P a ris 8 / 3 5