Embedding Artificial Intelligence in Indonesia Education Head, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Head, Agency of Research and Development Ministry of Education and Culture

18th of September 2019

Embedding Artificial Intelligence in Indonesia Education

What is Artificial Intelligence and how does it work?

• Artificial intelligence (AI) is the

simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems

• AI works by taking in large amounts
• f data, processing it through

algorithms that have been adjusted by past experiences, and using the patterns found within that data to improve decision-making

Source: Burns and Laskowski, 2018 and Jacobstein, 2019

AI engineers provide their machines with ability to:

• Perceive their surrounding environment

(which may simply be data)

• Detect patterns in the environment
• Learn from the patterns and update

experiential memory

The benefits of AI

Increased efficiency Solving problems for humanity Liberating humans to do what they do best

AI is transforming every industry. The amount of time and energy companies have to invest in repetitive manual work will diminish exponentially, freeing up time and money, which in turn allows for more research and more breakthroughs for each industry As AIs gain greater capabilities and are deployed in different capacities, we can expect to see many of the problems that have plagued government, schools, and corporations to be solved. AIs will also be able to help improve our justice system, healthcare, social issues, economy, governance, and other aspects of our society. As AIs become more mainstream and take over mundane and menial tasks, humans will be freed up to do what they do best—to think critically and creatively and to imagine new

• possibilities. It’s likely this critical

thought and creativity will be augmented and improved by AI tools.

Source: Jacobstein, 2019

Some cases of how AI shapes

• ur world

HEALTH ECONOMY ENVIRONMENT CYBERSECURITY

AI inspires precision medicine, an emerging approach for disease treatment and prevention that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle for each person AI leads to significant disruptions for workers, companies and

• economies. The workers

being left behind by AI technologies by around 10% (the McKinsey Global Institute, 2018) AI improves the performance of ecosystems, such an implementation is the greenhouse mobile robot, smart farmer, etc. AI is used for advanced threat detection on a global scale, fraud preventions and for endpoint security, like smartphones and laptops

Examples of AI-powered technologies that transform

• ur lives

Socio-ethical consequences

Humanity Unemployment Stupidity Security Singularity

Humans expose and interact more frequent with machine than with their fellow humans Powerful nations are in a race to build autonomous weaponry and surveillance systems As AI grows exponentially, there might be possibilities that intelligent machines would take over the control of the universe from humans Job displacement is the greatest consequence of the increased reliance on machines to do human tasks When machines learn more than humans do, human brains exercise less so they can address complicated, philosophical questions no more

Despite its immense benefits for humans’ life, the development of AI has socio-ethical issues to consider

AI and Education

How does AI address educational problems?

PROBLEMS

Standardized Curriculum does not cater to individual needs Personalized communication is almost impossible due to scale Large class size in K-12 schools means children’s questions often go unanswered Grading & assessment is time-consuming, with an over- reliance on multiple choice Limited one-to-one tutoring time Selecting the best students from a large application pool Increasing drop-out rates The need to effectively combat plagiarism

A.I. SOLUTIONS

Personalized learning Chatbots can answer administrative questions on the fly from parents, staff, and students Virtual classroom assistants AI can assess open-ended questions and in real time Personal virtual tutors AI can shortlist candidate based on multiple data points AI sentiment analysis Natural language processing can identify patterns and source facts

Source: Foong, 2018

Simplifying Administrative Tasks Smart Content Personalized Learning Global Learning New Efficiencies

Source: Johnson, 2019 and cognilytica.com

The ways AI is changing the education and how it is used

5 ways AI is changing the education

Some AI-based initiatives for education around the world

Plataforma Adaptativa de Matemática (Mathematics Adaptive Platform), initiated by Plan Ceibal, a state agency from

• Uruguay. It is a tool

that provides personalized feedback according to each student’s skill level based on an analysis of student experiences. Created by the federal government

• f Brazil as a state

educational

• platform. It is a video

content platform designed to prepare students for the national higher education examination (ENEM). It has some emergent elements

• f AI: students have

to log in and they can create personalized playlists of video- lessons and get recommendations based on their preferences. A scalable open-source tablet app that teaches basic literacy and numeracy. Developed by Carnegie Mellon University, USA, each RoboTutor session consists of a series of activities selected by the child from a few reading, comprehension,

• r numeracy activities at his or

her current level, with a sequence of items for the child to perform. RoboTutor adapts to each child by assessing performance automatically, providing individualized help and feedback, adjusting its estimate of his or her level, and proceeding accordingly.

The adaptive learning platform accredited by the Brazilian Ministry of Education and used by

• ver 5,000 schools

across the country. The software provides more personalized content as the student uses it more

• ften. It also becomes

better at flagging learning difficulties encountered by students, which human educators can then use to determine the necessary interventions.

A South African solution that uses deep analytics and provides personalized learning to teachers, students and content creators in Africa and

• ther emerging markets

through its online software

• service. Founded in 2013

and based in Cape Town, Daptio uses artificial intelligence to help students, mentors and teachers to understand the proficiency level of each student and then match the relevant content.

Launched in Kenya in 2016 as a mobile platform filled with lessons based on national curriculum standards delivered via SMS that adapt to each student’s skills and abilities using AI

• technology. As

students use the platform, M-Shule tracks and analyses learner performance to empower parents and schools with insights and recommendations.

Source: compiled from UNESCO, 2018 and all mentioned platforms’ websites

Thinkster Math is a tutoring app that blends real math curriculum with a personalized teaching style. The app assigns each student a behind- the-scenes tutor who watches their mental process unfold step- by-step on an iPad screen. Brainly is the social media site for classroom questions. Brainly allows users to ask homework questions and receive automatic, verified answers from fellow

• students. The site

even helps students collaborate to come up with correct answers on their own. Content Technologies,

• Inc. (CTI) is an AI

company using Deep Learning to create customized textbooks that fit the needs of specific courses and

• students. Teachers

import syllabi into a CTI

• engine. CTI machinery

then masters the content and uses algorithms to create personalized textbooks and coursework based

• n core concepts.

Mika offers AI-based tutoring tools for students too busy for after-school tutors and too lost in a sea of

• ther students for

personalized

• attention. The app is

guided by each student’s unique learning process, keeping users aware

• f their daily progress

and adapting lessons to each student’s specific struggle. Netex Learning lets teachers design curriculum across a variety of digital platforms and

• devices. The site

helps even the most technologically illiterate educators incorporate interactive elements like audio, video, and self-assessments to their digital lesson plans, all within a personalized learning cloud platform.

AI-based platforms for classroom teaching

Source: compiled from Lynch, 2017

“Automation will put the jobs of teachers at

• risk. Teachers will have no need to offer their

services and will be in classrooms to set up the equipment for the students and maintain

• discipline. Human life will change, and this will
• pen up an era where one day we will be ruled

by robots and gadgets” “Good teachers will never become obsolete.

Teachers may no longer be valued as content-area experts, but they can help students learn how to build knowledge for themselves from the excess of tools and information that exists. The best teachers care about us and inspire us to do our best. And that will never go out of style”

Pros Cons

Source: Brase, 2018 and Lynch, 2018

The biggest socio-ethical question: Will AI replace teachers?

Artificial Intelligence and Indonesia Education

“Education is an effort to advance the growth of character, mind and body of the child. These parts must not be separated so that we can advance the perfection of our children's lives.”

Ki Hajar Dewantara, 1961

“Pendidikan adalah daya upaya untuk memajukan bertumbuhnya budi pekerti, pikiran, dan tubuh

• anak. Bagian-bagian itu tidak boleh dipisahkan agar

kita dapat memajukan kesempurnaan hidup anak- anak kita”

INDONESIA: a geographically dispersed, culturally diverse, and socio-economically disparate country

 268 million inhabitants from 1340 ethnic groups who speak 668 different local languages The management of education is decentralized to 34 provinces and 514 districts/municipalities whose leaderships arise from local popular election

Levels Institutions Teachers Students SD 148.673 1.464.713 25.238.229 SMP 39.637 635.414 9.981.216 SMA 13.692 224.295 4.845.068 SMK 14.064 300.081 5.009.265 SLB 2.212 24.896 133.826

Total 218.278 2.649.399 45.207.604

Education in Number, 2019 💱 Poverty rate: 9,41% 💱 Wealth and infrastructure are mostly accumulated in Java as shown by the island’s economic contribution to national GDP, 58,5% 🚍 Thanks to its archipelagic nature, there are many areas within the country where transportation remains critical issue  The largest archipelagic country on earth with 17.000 islands and 3 time zones

The central government holds the control over eight education standards and has been investing 20% of its annual budget to ensure the fulfillment of those standards

Disparity in learning outcome

How AI might be of use for Indonesia education?

CONNECTION

an AI-based technology can provide education service for children living in remote areas with the same quality their urban fellows obtain

ADAPTATION

an AI-based platform can analyze students’ learning ability and suggest more specific, need- based treatments

MASSIFICATION

the huge variation of learning models can be stored as big data to cater the different needs of an infinite number of people through AI-assisted programs

TRANSLATION

an AI-based technology enables same teaching and learning materials to be delivered in different languages and in the same time

AUTOMATION

AI technology can help randomize question items for millions of test takers as well as analyze a giant variation of qualitative essay answers

AI cannot replace teachers, but…

• AI might be of a great use to help educate

student’s mind and, to some extent, body. However, teacher’s role in character education is irreplaceable

• Besides, Indonesian students need to learn

their nation’s cultural diversity through real experience: looking up to their teachers as living examples and embracing the diversity in their daily school lives Hence, let’s hope AI will not replace teachers! Yet, Indonesian teachers need to be AI literate. AI will help add perspective to educators to teach students in a better way

Embedding AI in Indonesia education: 5 possible strategies

Expanding the infrastructure Transforming the curriculum Developing smart assessment system Enhancing existing

• nline learning

platforms Empowering teachers

Expanding the infrastructure

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 SD SMP SMA SMK

Schools with internet connection, 2016-2018 (%)

2016 2017 2018 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 SD SMP SMA SMK

Schools equipped with computers, 2016-2018 (%)

2016 2017 2018

• Indonesia has seen the vast digital penetration where more

than half of its population are engaging with digital technologies

• The government ensures that schools are not left behind by

such development. Schools are getting more connected to the Internet and equipped with decent computer devices

• The availability of digital infrastructure is the main

prerequisite for leveraging AI literacy throughout Indonesian schools

Source: PDSPK, 2019

Transforming the curriculum

Required teaching qualification Teachers must be Informatics Specialists as proven by:

📌D4, S1, S2, or S3 certificates in selected study programs 📌Teaching certification in selected informatics subjects

Content of informatics subject

The ICT subject has been restored to the Indonesia school curriculum in 2019 after being abolished to adjust with the K-13 scheme. The subject has a new name: INFORMATICS (informatika). This newly designed subject is a gateway towards AI literacy

Embedding digital ethics

Informatics learning must be framed by digital ethics, particularly on the use of the

• Internet. Yes, our students

are digital natives, but they need to be guided by digital wisdom.

S O C A P D A C E N W Cross-subject Computing Practice ICT Computational Thinking

🖦 ICT: Information and Communication Technology 🖦 CE: Computer Engineering 🖦 NW: Networking 🖦 DA: Data Analysis 🖦 AP: Algorithm and Programming 🖦 SOC: Social Impact of Computer

Source: Puskurbel, 2019

• The Computer-Based National Testing (UNBK)

participation is nearly universal so that we can have a more credible testing and assessment system

• Apart from UN, Balitbang Kemendikbud also develops

AKSI, a survey-based national assessment that uses HOTS questions to map the national education quality

Developing smart assessment systems

• We are currently in the process of integrating the AI-

powered automated item generation to our assessment system. This will allow us to create parallel test forms where different test takers are exposed to different groups of test items with the same level of complexity and difficulty

• We are also in collaboration with UGM to develop

UKARA, an AI-assisted platform that can automatically grade open-ended questions and essays

• This will take our assessment system to another

level because we no longer rely on multiple choice to assess and grade students’ learning progress on a large scale

Taking the existing online learning platform to another level

• MoEC has developed Rumah Belajar

(belajar.kemdikbud.go.id) as a free online learning platform

• The platform provides 12 learning features

using which students can learn and monitor their own learning progress

• Nearly one million students have

subscribed to the platform up until 2019

• AI can be embedded in the platform by

creating a more intelligent feature that provides both teachers and students with different teaching and learning strategies based on their specific needs

Empowering teachers

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Jawa Timur Bali Jawa Barat Jawa Tengah Gorontalo Lampung DKI Jakarta Maluku Utara Kalimantan Barat Sulawesi Tengah Sulawesi Selatan Banten Jambi Riau Kalimantan Timur Sulawesi Utara Sumatera Utara Nusa Tenggara Barat Kepulauan Riau Kalimantan Tengah Sulawesi Tenggara Sumatera Barat Aceh Nusa Tenggara Timur Maluku Kalimantan Utara Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Papua Kalimantan Selatan Sumatera Selatan Bengkulu Sulawesi Barat Papua Barat

Number of PEMBATIK trainees by province, 2017-2019

• Since 2017, MoEC through its ICT

Center (Pustekkom) has been registering nearly 40 thousand teachers from all provinces for the ICT-based teaching training sessions (Pelatihan Pembelajaran berbasis TIK/PEMBATIK)

• The training equips teachers with

skills to develop ICT-based teaching and learning materials of their own

• It also becomes an avenue to

educate AI literacy

Source: Pustekkom, 2019

Prospective policy research topics

Inclusion and equity in AI for education Promoting teacher- machine collaboration AI-based learning platforms for quality education Big data extraction and analysis for education Fostering AI literacy Education management in the AI era

Conclusion

Conclusion

• Artificial intelligence is

important to help us solve our educational problems

• However, AI is only an

instrument to enhance our human intelligence

• Therefore, we need to

educate people about AI to understand its nature and know how to use it properly

THANK YOU

http://litbang.kemdikbud.go.id @litbangdikbud @litbangdikbud Balitbang Kemendikbud