Ecohydrology-as a Nature Based Solution to Addressing Water - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Ecohydrology-as a Nature Based Solution to Addressing Water Ecosystems Adverse Effects of climate change and Economic Development in Ethiopia

Yohannes Zerihun Coordinator, Ecohydrology Office Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity Ethiopia, Addis Ababa yhnnszerihun@gmail.com

1 UNE UNESCO SCO Ca Category y 2 2 - Region ional l Ce Centre for Inte Integrated Riv River Ba Basi sin Manageme ment (R (RC-IRB IRBM), ), Kaduna NIGE IGERIA RIA W Worksho shop Paper

CONTENT

Background & Introduction Policy Responses Implementation of IWRM & EH in Ethiopia African Regional Center for Ecohydrology Conclusion and Recommendations Acknowledgment

1.Introduction

Location latitude 3o and 15o North and longitude 30o and 48o east. Area 1.2 million square kilometer. Altitudinal : 4620 masl at Ras Dashen in the Semien (freezing temperature) 160mbsl at in the Dallol Depression ( ≥ 600c)

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Ertale volcano

about 50 percent of African mountains above 2,000 meters, are in Ethiopia

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50% of the total area is mountainous 95% of the total arable land 90% of the total population and 60% of livestock

(Source: MoA, 2000) The basic ecological elements: climate,  physiography, soils,  vegetation,  farming systems, etc

33 Agroecological zones(AEZs) of Ethiopia

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UNESCO Category 2 - Regional Centre for Integrated River Basin Management (RC-IRBM), Kaduna, NIGERIA Workshop Papers 6

12 major river basins (123Bm3/y) Ground water resources 28Bm3/y Wetlands covers an area of 13,699 km2 or 1.14% of the country’s land surface

UNESCO Category 2 - Regional Centre for Integrated River Basin Management (RC-IRBM), Kaduna, NIGERIA Workshop Papers 7

Ethiopia’s primary water resource management challenges are its extreme hydrological variability and seasonality and the international nature of its most significant surface water resources. Variability is most

• bviously

manifest in endemic, devastating droughts and floods. Less apparent is the broad range

• f

impacts variability and seasonality have on the Ethiopian economy, even in good rainfall years.

Water ES BD hot Spot

Status

Introduction

IUCN,2014

Source: Ethiopia’s Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity

Ethiopia: Summary of Threats by ecosystems

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• Land degradation,
• deforestation,
• improper agricultural prac.
• vergrazing,

Environmental CHALLENGES in Ethiopia Terrestrial Ecosystems:

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Aquatic Ecosystems:

• Sedimentation
• Pollution
• Eutrophication
• Conversion of Wetland/Buffers into Agricultural,

Urban and Industrial

• overgrazing,

Environmental Problems in Ethiopia

Flooding

RFV Vs. GDP

Population temperature

Exacerbated By

Sedimentation pollution, eutrophication, Overexploitation

.

UNESCO Category 2 - Regional Centre for Integrated River Basin Management (RC-IRBM), Kaduna, NIGERIA Workshop Papers 14

Historical Development of Main policies for WRM in Ethiopia in chronological order

EH

UNESCO Category 2 - Regional Centre for Integrated River Basin Management (RC- IRBM), Kaduna, NIGERIA Workshop Papers 16

Implementation of EH & IWRM in Ethiopia

UNESCO Category 2 - Regional Centre for Integrated River Basin Management (RC-IRBM), Kaduna, NIGERIA Workshop Papers

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• IWRM Issues in Ethiopia
• MoWIE
• Basin High Council
• Basin Authorities

“Ecohydrology – a transdisciplinary science for integrated water resources and sustainable development in Ethiopia for the year 2008-2012”

Capacity Building EH demo sites

Zalewski, 2009

After 6 months Sediment trap potential: the upper figure shows the 2010 constracted checkdam; the lower figure – the result of sediments retained away from the reservoir

Reduction of dioxin pollution with sedimentation- biofiltration system

BEA ASSELA BRANCH

(WVD) in Gumera basin, Ethiopia, in the period 1970-1999. Long term Gumera River annual discharges in the period 1959-2006 Mean annual air temperature in the Gumera basin, Ethiopia, in the period 1971-1999. Precipitation (mm) around Debretabor (head water) in the period 1980-2006

Source: Kędziora A. 2011, modified Drying air Drying land Mean Vapour Demand (MVD)

Hotter air Stable rainfall

Changing climatic variables and aggravating water deficit

Evaporation is energy consuming process (2,45 MJ/kg H2O).

ECOLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL FUNCTION OF THE LANDSCAPE

Application of biodegradable geotextile for the rehabilitation of degraded land in Lake Tana catchment – Gum / Rib Rivers

6 months later

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Ecotone integrated with and check dam

Ecological Engineering for water, biodiversity society at Lake Tana Littoral Zone (Zenzelima Kebele) Echiochloa (ሻፍሪ) Increased CC (water(qual. &quan.), biodiversity, ES &SE) High milk productivity No CO2 emission/ Green energy/ Co2 sequestration Farming up to the edge of the Lake

Awareness Creation

Synergy

Avoid duplication Ecohydrology as a new tool for Integrated Watershed Management

scenario-based planning

Multidisciplinary Team Composition

• University
• Ministry of Agriculture
• Regional Bureau of Agriculture
• Research Centers
• City Administration
• Private sector
• Fishers
• Local people
• MoWIE Coordinator

African Regional Center for Ecohydrology (ARCE) u/a of UNESCO

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2nd Intl. EH Symposium

UNESCO Category 2 - Regional Centre for Integrated River Basin Management (RC- IRBM), Kaduna, NIGERIA Workshop Papers 31

Practical Knowledge Sharing on Ecohydrological Systemic Solution

• 1. In the face of demographic and climate change and

economic development conservation is not enough. Carrying capacity of ecosystems need to be enhanced and, to this end, appropriate mechanism must be put in place which is a nature based Transdisciplinary science -Ecohydrology

Conclusions

• 2. Strong cooperation among water related center, to

put into practice Ecohydrology, is crucial

Traditional and new integrative education model of environmental and sustainability scientists and engineers necessary for achieving sustainable development [based on concepts described in Zalewski (2013)]

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THANK YOU